育達科技大學

High-pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal technology that allows for targeted modifications of flour, the main carbohydrate polymer in wheat flour, thus enhancing the functional and textural properties of flour-based systems. This study evaluated the effects of HPP at 200, 400, and 600 MPa for 5 min on the structural, thermal, and rheological characteristics of wheat starch within flour and dough. The findings revealed pressure-dependent modifications, with moderate pressure (200 MPa) enhancing starch-protein interactions, preserving starch granule integrity, and improving dough elasticity and cohesion. These effects may be attributed to partial unfolding of gluten proteins and rearrangement of hydrogen bonds, which promote non-covalent interactions between starch and protein molecules. In contrast, higher pressures (400-600 MPa) caused extensive starch gelatinisation and protein aggregation, disrupting granular structure and weakening gluten networks, likely through irreversible denaturation and formation of aggregated protein structures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a rise in gelatinisation temperature at 200 MPa, while elevated pressures decreased enthalpy, indicating loss of crystalline order in starch. Rheological analysis further confirmed improved viscoelasticity at moderate pressure, while higher pressure weakened dough structure. Microscopic observations supported these results by showing progressive disruption of starch granules and gluten matrices. Overall, this study demonstrated that HPP can selectively tailor the structure and behaviour of wheat starch in flour and dough systems, offering an effective strategy for modulating textural quality in starch-based food products.

This study investigates how internal and external educational resources shape college students’ generative AI (GenAI) self-efficacy and creativity across general education courses in business and technology, by comparing learners from Inner Mongolia and Taiwan. It assesses its role as a predictor of individual creativity. PLS-SEM was employed to test the proposed hypotheses and models. The findings reveal that students in both Inner Mongolia and Taiwan benefit from relatively comprehensive resource allocations in computing support, training, and equipment accessibility within their institutions. These resources significantly enhanced GenAI self-efficacy. However, computing training using external resources still needs to be developed for Inner Mongolia. Overall, the results confirmed that GenAI self-efficacy positively influenced student creativity. This study offers an empirical foundation for regional education policies. Educators should actively create a learning environment that can stimulate student creativity and use GenAI technology.

Abstract Objective This study explores how sustainable leisure sports in protected forest areas, supported by Green Forest Recreational Environment Literacy (GFREnL), contribute to human mental health and promote positive recreational experiences. The study investigates the relationships among forest environmental literacy, recreational participation, leisure satisfaction, and mental health, with particular attention to the effects of leisure sports activities on anxiety, depression, and fear-related emotions. Methods A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Quantitative data from 1,960 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 27.0, supplemented by 12 semi-structured qualitative interviews. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted, and quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated during interpretation. The study examined the effects of Forest Recreation Area Environmental Development Awareness (FRAEnDA) and Overall Rural Development Cognition (ORDC) on recreational activities, satisfaction, and mental health outcomes, emphasizing the influence of sustainable leisure sports participation on mental health in forest recreation areas. Results Perceptions of GFREnL differed significantly according to gender, travel behavior, and travel frequency. Significant relationships were identified among GFREnL, FRAEnDA, ORDC, recreational satisfaction, sustainable leisure sports participation, mental health, and well-being (p < .001). The findings indicate that sustainable leisure sports are associated with improved mental health, reduced anxiety, depression, and fear-related emotions, and enhanced overall well-being. Conclusions Green forest recreational environment literacy and sustainable leisure sports provide important pathways for improving human mental health while supporting ecological conservation and rural development. Forest-based leisure activities promote stress reduction and emotional regulation, thereby alleviating anxiety, depression, and fear-related emotions. Improving recreational environments and facilities can further enhance participation, leisure satisfaction, and public mental health. Corresponding Author Jao-Chuan Lin, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 811213, Taiwan.

This paper examines how cross-ownership and strategic delegation interact with trade policy under policy commitment and non-commitment regimes. We develop a Cournot export-rivalry framework in which governments choose export subsidies or import tariffs, while firms strategically determine managerial incentive schemes. A higher degree of cross-ownership generates opposing collusive and incentive effects, leading to non-monotonic outcomes in output, profits, and welfare. Under export subsidies, strategic delegation intensifies competition and exacerbates the prisoner's dilemma. However, under non-commitment, firms strategically distort incentive schemes to influence policy intervention, generating time-consistency problems and non-monotonic welfare effects. We further show that increasing cross-ownership gradually mitigates policy distortions and, under a quadratic cost structure, may reverse the optimal policy from an export subsidy to an export tax. Overall, the results highlight that ownership structure, managerial incentives, and policy commitment jointly determine optimal trade policy and welfare outcomes.

PurposeIndividuals with disabilities face a high risk of physical inactivity, leading to severe mental health challenges and social isolation. Aquatic physical activity, due to its unique physical properties, is considered an intervention with profound psychological potential. Guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study aims to systematically review the psychosocial, mental health, and functional benefits of aquatic physical activity for individuals with disabilities.MethodsThis study strictly followed the PRISMA guidelines to search for high-quality literature published up to February 2026 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Two independent researchers conducted the screening based on strict PICOS criteria.ResultsFollowing the search and screening, 21 core articles were included. The extracted data confirmed that aquatic interventions act as profound psychological facilitators. They significantly reduce depressive symptoms and anxiety (Z = −2.294) and enhance social skills and peer interaction (Cohen’s d = 0.76). Furthermore, physiological improvements (e.g., in gross motor function and balance) act as critical mediators that boost perceived competence and autonomy, effectively reducing kinesiophobia (fear of movement).ConclusionAquatic physical activity is a safe and highly effective adaptive health intervention. The aquatic medium serves as a “natural de-marginalisation space” that mitigates internal psychological barriers and societal ableism. These findings provide critical, evidence-based insights for sport psychology practitioners, coaches, and policymakers to design inclusive, confidence-building interventions.