大葉大學

Hexagonal AlCrN and AlCrSiN coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, and the influence of substrate temperature from room temperature to 500 degrees C on their chemical composition, microstructure, and optical and mechanical properties was systematically investigated. All crystalline coatings exhibit a single wurtzite-type hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. At room temperature, the AlCrN coating consists of porous bundles of nanocrystalline fibrous columns, whereas the AlCrSiN coating shows a porous amorphous fibrous morphology. With increasing substrate temperature, grain growth is markedly promoted, intra-columnar voids are progressively eliminated, and the overall structural density is improved, ultimately leading to the formation of a columnar morphology characterized by open boundaries. These structural evolutions influence different properties of the coatings: grain coarsening reduces optical transmittance, particularly in the infrared region, while densification contributes to enhanced hardness. In the case of AlCrSiN, the incorporation of Si suppresses grain coarsening and promotes a denser film structure. As a result, AlCrSiN coatings not only exhibit higher hardness than AlCrN coatings but also retain relatively higher transparency, one contributing factor being the intrinsic optical transparency of Si3N4.

Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) contains abundant betacyanins, phenolics, and flavonoids with strong antioxidant and health-promoting effects. However, these compounds are easily degraded by light, temperature, and oxygen, limiting their stability and bioavailability. This study investigated the protective and functional enhancement effects of phytosomal encapsulation of djulis extract and evaluated how different ratios of djulis extract: phospholipid: cholesterol influenced physicochemical stability and biological activities. The results showed that phospholipid-cholesterol coassembly is essential for the formation of stable vesicular structures capable of retaining djulis bioactives. Among all the formulations, P3:1:1 demonstrated the most balanced performance, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity, effective pancreatic lipase inhibition, and improved skin hydration. Overall, phytosome technology enhanced the stability and functional expression of the djulis extract, supporting its potential for use in functional foods and in topical applications. Future studies should examine the long-term storage stability, in vivo bioavailability, and sensory acceptability of djulis phytosomes to advance their commercialization.

In this study, fish skin gelatin/guava leaf extract (30/70

This study aims to maps the intellectual landscape of character education research through a bibliometric-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR), focusing on the relationship between character education and civic education in the school context. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, where 522 documents were identified, limited to English-language journal articles published between 2016 and 2026. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to identify publication trends, author contributions, affiliations, countries, and keyword co-occurrence patterns. The findings indicate a significant increase in publications on character education, with character education and civic education emerging as strongly interconnected central themes. The thematic mapping reveals several major clusters, including virtue ethics and moral values approaches, democratic civic education, curriculum and learners, methodological approaches based on human experiences, as well as pedagogical innovations such as project-based learning, empathy, and digital literacy. These findings indicate a shift in character education research from a normative approach toward a more integrative, contextual, and practice-oriented perspective. This study contributes theoretically by clarifying the intellectual landscape of character education research and this study supports policies promoting integrated character–civic curricula, whole-school approaches, innovative pedagogy, teacher professional development, and holistic assessment aligned with 21st-century educational challenges.

Objective Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is effective in NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating or T790M mutations, but acquired resistance remains a major challenge. Although CCL2 has been implicated in EGFR-TKI resistance via AKT activation, the precise downstream mechanisms are not fully understood.Methods We analyzed malignant pleural effusion samples from patients with resistant NSCLC and conducted functional assays in lung cancer cell lines with ectopic CCL2 expression or knockdown, combined with in vivo xenograft models. Key downstream signaling pathways were interrogated.Results CCL2 was significantly upregulated in resistant patient samples. Overexpression of CCL2 induced osimertinib resistance, whereas silencing restored drug sensitivity. Mechanistically, CCL2 promoted resistance through STAT3- and ERK1/2-dependent upregulation of ZEB1, rather than via the AKT pathway. Notably, combined STAT3 inhibition and osimertinib effectively reversed resistance in xenografts.Conclusion These findings uncover a novel CCL2-STAT3-ZEB1 signaling axis that drives acquired osimertinib resistance in NSCLC. Dual targeting of STAT3 and EGFR may represent a promising therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes.