Adopting additive manufacturing (AM) in product design is a challenge for organizations due to a shortage of skilled designers who can effectively use AM to address emerging engineering problems. The development of institutional talent in AM and design for AM (DfAM) is crucial for organizations looking to leverage AM capabilities. Therefore, designers need meaningful active experiences that highlight the advantages and limitations of AM technologies to enable informed artifact generation during the design process. However, limited access to active in-person learning experiences with industrial AM systems and knowledge to support the design of AM artifacts is a major hurdle to AM talent development. Digital modalities of AM education, such as computer-aided (CAx) and virtual reality (VR) tools, can therefore increase access to experiential learning to cultivate DfAM intuition. There is a gap in the literature, however, that investigates and compares immersive and non-immersive modalities in AM and studies their effectiveness in training and artifact generation. Additionally, there is a scarcity of information on the design process behind creating immersive experiences that can support these research endeavors. It is essential to investigate design guidelines and heuristics for creating immersive experiences that are meaningful and effective for AM and DfAM training. This research is thus motivated to explore the design and application of immersive and non-immersive digital modalities in AM and DfAM. The presented work here investigates the design of immersive VR user experiences for this purpose with support from the literature and findings in previously published work.
This opinion paper examines the impact of outdoor classrooms in environmental education in Nigeria. With the increasing concern about the environment and the need for effective educational approaches, outdoor classrooms have gained popularity as a promising tool for engaging students in hands-on, immersive learning experiences. This paper assesses the advantages and challenges associated with outdoor classrooms and investigates their effectiveness in promoting environmental awareness and stewardship among students. Drawing on empirical studies and expert opinions, it argues that outdoor classrooms provide unique opportunities for students to connect with nature, enhance their understanding of ecological concepts, and develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Furthermore, this paper explores the potential barriers to implementing outdoor classrooms, such as logistical constraints and limited resources, and proposes strategies to overcome them. By critically examining the impact and potential of outdoor classrooms in environmental education, this paper aims to promote the adoption and integration of this innovative approach into mainstream educational practices, ultimately fostering a society of environmentally conscious individuals.
Product teardowns or related activities may help novice engineers develop an understanding of systems and products. These activities allow for novices to directly explore physical components and the connections between those components in a given product, which are both aspects of robust systems thinking. In this study, students’ mental models of common products are examined before and after a product teardown activity using a previously published mental model elicitation method. Participants completed the product teardown activity in groups, identifying components, functionality, and opportunities for design improvement. Results suggest that a product teardown activity improves mental model representations of the same given product. However, the results also show that a product teardown activity has no impact on mental model representations of other closely related products. This suggests that product teardowns do not necessarily foster knowledge transfer as expected. Examples of a student’s mental model representations before and after the product teardown activity are provided. This study sets the foundation for future research on the relationships between systems thinking, mental models, engineering expertise, and other educational interventions within the context of engineering education. In future work, the results of this study may be compared with an identical study with 4th-year undergraduate students to investigate the role of expertise on knowledge transfer and its relationship to the development of robust systems thinking skills.
The increasing student enrollment in engineering and the growing importance of written communication motivate us to implement automated evaluation of written technical documents. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the automatic grading of written assignments in engineering and provides insights into effectively evaluating technical communication. We collected a graded dataset from a mechanical engineering course and manually selected features based on its grading rubric. Manually selected features include both task-independent features and task-dependent features. We evaluated the performance of the selected features on a classification model using grades provided by human graders. The combination of task-independent features and rubric-guided topic features outperformed any other single features or their combinations and reached a moderate agreement with human graders on 3 out of 5 datasets. The results suggest a new way to evaluate students’ assignments based on pre-defined rubrics and provide a significant first step toward building an automated evaluation framework that can provide detailed feedback on students’ complex assignments.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology capable of producing designs that challenge those from traditional manufacturing methods. AM is of high interest for advanced capabilities such as leveraging free complexity and having the ability to manufacture multi-part products that are manufactured as a single assembled. By leveraging design heuristics for AM, the final design can be manufactured in a shorter timeframe with less material consumption while still maintaining the initial engineering goals of the design. Despite the promising potential of AM, there is a growing concern that designers are not utilizing the design heuristics that embody successful AM. When designers resort to using design heuristics for Traditional Manufacturing (TM) with the unintentional purpose of translating these heuristics to AM, they are not creating efficient designs for AM and are unable to reap the benefits of using AM. To remedy this problem, intervening early in the design process can help address any concerns regarding the use of AM design heuristics. This work explores the design heuristics that students use in creating designs in the context of TM and AM. Once the common design heuristics students use in their designs are identified, future studies will further investigate the specific features that these students are using to address them through early interventions. This work found that incorporating complex shapes and geometries and considering the minimum feature size are significant axioms for influencing the manufacturability of a design for both TM and AM.
This comprehensive study constitutes a multifaceted exploration of the intricate relationship between green commerce and its profound impact on the environment. Through a multidimensional lens, we embark on an insightful journey encompassing the historical context, implications for environmental sustainability, bottlenecks encountered in implementation, the merits associated with sustainable practices, and potential opportunities for advancement within the realm of green commerce. The historical analysis of green commerce provides a contextual foundation by tracing its evolution, pivotal milestones, and transformative shifts in both consumer behavior and corporate strategies. This journey through time unravels the dynamic interplay between environmental consciousness and business practices, offering crucial insights into the maturation of sustainable commerce. Moving forward, the study rigorously examines the implications of green commerce for environmental sustainability. It scrutinizes the diverse mechanisms through which sustainable supply chains, energy-efficient operations, and eco-friendly product development contribute to mitigating environmental impacts. Simultaneously, the research acknowledges the complexity of this relationship by investigating potential unintended consequences and trade-offs associated with the integration of green commerce initiatives. The bottlenecks faced in the implementation of green commerce practices are a pivotal focal point. This segment critically identifies challenges such as cost barriers, regulatory complexities, gaps in consumer awareness, and technological limitations. Recognition of these hurdles becomes imperative for crafting targeted strategies that address specific obstacles hindering the widespread adoption of sustainable business models. A significant dimension of the study revolves around the merits inherent in the adoption of green commerce. These encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from tangible environmental benefits such as reduced carbon footprints and waste generation to intangible advantages like bolstered corporate reputation and heightened consumer loyalty. By elucidating these merits, the research underscores the inherent value that businesses stand to gain by prioritizing sustainability in their operations and decision-making processes. Despite challenges, the study identifies potential opportunities for improvement within the realm of green commerce. It explores avenues such as technological advancements, supportive regulatory frameworks, consumer education initiatives, and collaborative industry efforts. Recognizing and capitalizing on these opportunities holds the promise of propelling the growth of green commerce and fostering positive environmental outcomes. In conclusion, this study endeavors to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics surrounding green commerce and its profound impact on the environment. Through nuanced exploration, it seeks to inspire ongoing dialogue, collaborative efforts, and positive change. Ultimately, the goal is to cultivate environmentally conscious practices within businesses and contribute to the collective endeavor of building a sustainable and resilient future.
One example of a legal action that occurs as a result of the principle of horizontal separation is someone who rents out the building only, then sells the land. Normatively, applying the principle of horizontal separation is legal. However, in practice in the field it causes problems, especially for buyers of land objects whose building leases are still for a long period of time.This research aims to describe the application of the principle of horizontal separation in the sale and purchase of land where there is a building lease agreement and legal protection for buyers of land objects on which there is a building lease agreement. This type of research is called library research. The approach used in this research is a normative approach. Data collection techniques include secondary data resulting from library studies which aim to obtain concepts, theories, as well as information and conceptual thinking, both in the form of laws and other scientific works. Meanwhile, the data analysis is descriptive. The results of this research indicate that legal actions regarding land do not necessarily include legal actions regarding buildings and plants on them. The existence of the principle of horizontal separation is a legal loophole to deceive several parties. Someone could sell the land, but the building is still rented to another party. Therefore, the criteria for the principle of horizontal separation of land and/or buildings are important to know and ensure as a basis for providing legal protection to buyers. If a legal action on land is intended to cover buildings and plants on it, then this must be stated expressly in a deed proving the implementation of the legal action.
The integration of Application-Driven Data Analytics into Engineering and Engineering Technology courses has become increasingly important due to the growing significance of data in the modern industry. This research aims to explore the potential of introducing new application-driven data analytics modules to advance the teaching effectiveness of the existing fundamental Engineering and Engineering Technology courses in undergraduate education. This pilot project involves one study module called “The Value of Data Analytics in Engineering” in a Machine Design course at Miami University Engineering Technology Department and a Data Analytics Programming course at Oklahoma State University Industrial Engineering & Management School. The lecture in this module includes topics of data collection, manipulation, analysis, and visualization. A lab session is also conducted to analyze the collected tensile test data using Python programming, where various analyses are performed to understand the material properties of the test samples. These analyses include stress-strain curves learning and visualization, material properties calculation, and results comparison to reference data. To gather feedback on the effectiveness of this new study module, students are given surveys after the lectures and lab sessions. The surveys focus on the outcomes of this approach in helping students understand the course material, the ease of tools usage, and the student’s interests in learning further of Data Analytics topics in their future courses. In total 39 students are surveyed for feedback on the lecture and lab session. Overall, the feedback gathered from the students indicates that the approach has been effective. The survey results show that 72% of the students have gained better understanding of data analytics, and 79% of the students are interested in integrating more of the topics into existing curriculum. The use of Python in Google Colab has also been well received by the students, with many finding them easy to use with limited prior data analytics programming experience. Additionally, the students have expressed the usefulness of the skills acquired in their future careers and are interested in learning more about the topics in their curriculum. Therefore, this pilot studies recommend that an application-driven data analytics module can be effectively integrated into more courses in Engineering and Engineering Technology curricula. The future research involves courses such as Introduction to Programming, Manufacturing Processes, Quality Control, Machine Design, Thermodynamics, and Materials Science.
In a consumer-driven industry, airlines fight for customers. This study investigates Airline Management and customer experience to attract and retain consumers. Aviation client satisfaction and trip are also assessed. Airlines must stand out with inventive management in a crowded market. Digital management, loyalty programs, pricing, and branding are airline strategies. Understanding how airlines employ these tactics to stand out in a crowded business is crucial to customer acquisition. Any airline's success hinges on customer pleasure. This research explores how airlines affect bookingto- disembarking, focusing on customer service, in-flight experiences, and ground services. It examines how smartphone apps, self-service kiosks, and in-flight entertainment improve passenger experiences. Aviation customer experience assessment is difficult. On-time performance, cabin comfort, and service quality impact consumer happiness and loyalty, according to this study. It stresses data-driven decision-making and tailored service to customize user experiences. Airlines can enhance management and passenger experience using this study. In a competitive industry with fast technological change, airlines must understand management and customer experience. Airline management and customer experience are the focus of this study report. This study studies customer retention and the passenger journey to understand the airline industry's dynamic and customer-centric nature.
Kashmir, land of natural resources, Mosques, Shrines, Temples, and Gurudawaras, is popularly known as paradise on earth. The Baramulla district of North Kashmir is one of the places in J&K, which has enormous tourism potential to attract local, national and international tourists throughout year. The Baramulla district provides all types of tourism products, which a tourist is looking for; the only condition is that we have to untap and bring those places on the tourism map. We know, Tourism is one of the important service sector industry and significant contributor to the economy of J&K. It consists of Heritage tourism, religious tourism, mountain tourism, adventure tourism, rafting and skiing. The development of this area and bringing new places in tourist map will increase tourist arrivals and increase business opportunities for the local population of area. This present study will explore the tourism potential of Baramulla district besides the economic benefits, employ ability and poverty eradication. The paper will also propose recommendations and suggestions for the improvement and utilization of these tourist destinations of District Baramulla, Kashmir.
This paper presents an approach to identify potential categories and benchmark makerspaces based on their narrative or illustrative definitions, intent, operational aspects captured over time and their asserted impact as per existing literature. The identified categories are further mapped and classified based on an established culture-based framework. This categorization is defined at three levels. The first two levels capture and provide the macro information that is orthogonal to each other. The third level leaf node details (presented in the appendix) are codified based on a cultural framework but are excluded from the analysis presented here. However, the leaf node is an essential listing of the various terms used in the domain of makerspaces as identified in the literature and it is observed that these terms are generally used by the various stakeholders to define their makerspaces. The discussions provide context for the first two levels and its validity through the application of DSM (Design Structure Matrix) techniques to prove its orthogonality. Effective categorization of makerspaces will support the following: (1) accurate and consistent descriptions of makerspaces, (2) clear mapping and association of the values of the makerspaces to their individual characteristics, and (3) provide a framework to design makerspaces for specific uses. The literature reviewed also provides a basis for another categorization to be developed in parallel using the factors or characteristics that define the value proposition of makerspaces. Finally, this paper presents examples of using the categorization on a sample list of makerspaces based on direct observations and literature surveys. This work aims to guide efforts towards building a framework to design makerspaces.
Increasing diversity in engineering is a key priority due to the underrepresentation of women and the role of interdisciplinary teams on engineering success. In light of this, it is vital that we consider how to create inclusive teaming practices where individuals feel safe voicing their opinion and challenging team assumptions. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of team diversity (gender and interdisciplinarity) on perceived psychological safety through a study with 66 capstone engineering students. This study found that perceived psychological safety can be predicted by the individual’s gender and the team’s gender composition. Furthermore, results also show that adding information related to major can significantly improve the prediction of individual psychological safety. Finally, this study also explores other factors that might affect an individual’s psychological safety in a team and identifies coordination to be the most influential variable. Moreover, it was found that different groups of people are likely to experience more of or emphasize more on certain critical considerations (namely composition, communication, coordination, cooperation, conflict, cohesiveness, and creativity) when asked to describe positive or negative team interactions that affected their perceived psychological safety depending on their gender and team major composition. Study results show promise for further investigating the effect of different types of diversity and other factors on the psychological safety of individuals in the team.
Leather industrial effluent is restrained as one of the most ecologically uncomplimentary industrial processes. The study aims to review leather effluents in the industrial processes and their involvement in environmental contamination in Bangladesh. The article was organized to compile all present data from different journals, books, reports, and web sources on tannery effluents characterization in the country. A wide variability of synthetic dyes, dyestuffs, and toxic chemicals is used in the leather and tannery industrial sector. The result revealed that some physicochemical water parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. and one heavy metal, Cr of the leather industrial effluents of the country exceeded their standard limits. The effluents and solid wastes are affecting the soil systems, agriculture, aquatic environment, and public health since the development of the leather industries in the country. Now a day, its proper management and curative measures like the removal system have become the furthermost considerate responsibilities of Bangladesh. It is imperious to take instantaneous steps to diminish environmental contamination owing to discharge the of untreated leather industrial effluents.
The main purpose of the study was to determine the significant relationship between student engagement of criminology student and classroom management of college instructs and to come up with a regression model for student engagement of criminology students. Based on the findings of the study, there was a significant relationship between classroom management and student engagement, however, there was no significant relationship between sex and student engagement. It was also revealed that the combined influence of sex and classroom management on student engagement is significant. Three models of students’ student engagement are crafted from the results of the study: general model, model for male students and model for female students. The models comparatively show that may it be male or female students, they have the same degree of student engagement.
In today’s era, one of the most important threat to existence of human in climate change. Climate change is damaging people’s lives today. The impacts of climate change on health are core consideration of both the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate change has created havoc for the sustainable rural livelihoods in developing countries. Rural households are most vulnerable to climate change because of dependency on climate related resources like agriculture, livestock, forests etc. resulting in less diversification of livelihoods which further increase their vulnerability. Although various sustainable livelihood practices are being used by rural households but due to various constraints, they are not fully effective. Adaptation to climate change requires adjustments at all levels. The communities which are suffering from the climate change have to increase their resilience towards climate change by adopting appropriate technologies while make proper use of their traditional knowledge. Indigenous knowledge is increasingly being used as a tool for climate change adaptation. Vulnerable communities have used indigenous practices to plan adaptation and disaster risk reduction activities. Furthermore, government is focussing for sustainable development and climate change adaptation by finding and administering alternative methods to deal with issues of poverty and environmental degradation in context of linkage between livelihood and the immediate environment of the people. Finally, there is great potential for current policies to be implemented strategically towards building true adaptive capacity for the rural communities. At last, adaptation to climate change requires adjustments and implementations at each level- be it community, national or international.
In the steps to save our earth from global warming every nation focused on their own way to promote green energy among which the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine is one of the excellent viable solutions for scavenging wind energy in a downtown background, due to distinctive characteristics such as compactness, self-starting ability at light wind, minimum noise level, with relatively reasonable price and simple assembly. However, the traditional Savonius Wind Turbines with semicircular blades has a proportionately low power coefficient together with a high negative torque produced by the returning blade is a crucial disadvantage of this rotor. This work focuses on reviewing and giving an overview on the form of the wings of Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. This paper also aims to give a run through of the several augmentation approaches used in Savonius rotor over the last four decades. In this paper, a brief on all possible segments and parts of the machine is given after a brief analysis and research on each topic.
In this paper, we address the following question: How can instructors leverage assessment instruments used to process information gleaned from design, build, and test courses to simultaneously improve student outcomes and assess student learning well enough to improve the course in the future? A Take-away is an unstructured text written by students in AME4163: Principles of Engineering Design offered at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA, to record what they understand by reflecting on authentic and immersive experiences throughout the semester. The immersive experiences include lectures, assignments, reviews, building, testing, and a post-analysis for the design of an electro-mechanical system to address a given customer need. In the context of a Take-away, a student then writes a Learning Statement that is a structured sentence written as a triple, i.e., [Experience - Learning - Value]. Between 2019–2021, we collected about 10,000 Take-aways and Learning Statements from almost 400 students. In this paper, we address the question from the perspective of students’ feelings and use dictionary-based sentiment analysis to evaluate students’ subjective feelings toward what they are learning. Through quantitative results, we provide evidence-based guidance to instructors on improving the delivery of the course in the future. Our focus in this paper is on explaining the method using data from AME4163. The proposed method is general and can be extended for other types of courses.
Research on psychological safety has been growing in recent years due to its role in promoting creativity and innovation, among other items. This is because teams with high levels of psychological safety feel safe to express ideas and opinions. While we are becoming more aware of the importance of psychological safety in teaming, there is limited evidence in how to facilitate or build it within teams, particularly in an educational context. This paper was developed to respond to this research void by identifying the impact of teaming interventions aimed at improving psychological safety in engineering design student teams. Specifically, we studied two cohorts of students in a cornerstone design class (N = 414 students), one who received a series of video interventions and introduced role playing (intervention) and one who did not (control). These role assignments - referred to as the Lenses of Psychologically Safety - were created to promote key leadership attributes that have been shown to be crucial in facilitating psychologically safe teams. To compare the utility of the intervention, Psychological Safety was gathered at 5 key time points of a multi-week design project. The results identified three key findings. First, the interventions were successful in increasing psychological safety in engineering teams. In addition, the results indicated the utility of the Lenses of Psychological Safety throughout the design process. Finally, the results identified that groups who used these lenses had higher perceptions of Psychological Safety in their teams. Overall, these results indicated that psychological safety can be improved in engineering education through the intervention methods described within.
The accelerating depletion of natural resources has brought sustainability to the forefront and therefore, design educators must integrate sustainability into the engineering design curriculum. Several researchers have proposed educational interventions and design tools for sustainable design education. The timing of introducing such interventions, particularly in project-based courses, could influence the effectiveness of these interventions, and these effects remain largely unexplored. Our aim in this research is to investigate this research gap through a mixed-methods experiment conducted with first-year engineering design students. Specifically, we introduced a two-day module on sustainable design either in the first or sixth week of an 8-week long design project. The effects of this variation were compared by analyzing (1) changes in students’ trait empathy, (2) changes in their beliefs, attitudes, and intentions towards sustainability, and (3) their responses to a reflection assignment collected at the end of the semester/design project. From the results, we see that the timing of the sustainable design intervention did not influence changes in students’ trait empathy or their beliefs, attitudes, and intentions towards sustainability. However, students from both timing conditions reported significant increases in their attitudes and intentions towards sustainable action. Finally, students who received the intervention earlier more frequently mentioned the use of sustainable design heuristics in their reflection responses. Taken together, these findings suggest the need for educators to consider the timing of sustainable design interventions, especially when integrating them into longer project-based courses.
In undergraduate engineering programs, recent emphasis has been placed on a more holistic, interdisciplinary approach to engineering education. Some programs now teach product design within the context of the market, extending the curriculum to topics outside of scientific labs and computational analysis. This study analyzes survey and concept map data collected from 154 students in a third-year engineering design course. The aim is to evaluate the impacts of student backgrounds and experiences on their mental models of product design. Data were gathered from surveys on student backgrounds and experiences, along with concept maps that were generated by the students on the first day of a product design class. The concept maps were analyzed in a quantitative manner for structural and thematic elements. The findings show that several background attributes influence student conceptions of product design. Academic major appeared to have the largest impact on a variety of variables. Additionally, prior work experience, enrollment in a master’s program, and the presence of an engineering role model at home all showed significant impacts on design conceptions. By analyzing and understanding unique backgrounds of students, educators can adjust their curricula to more effectively teach design concepts to students of various backgrounds and experiences.
