Write-Once-Memory (WOM) is a model for many modern non-volatile memories, such as flash memories. Recently, several capacity-achieving WOM coding schemes have been proposed based on polar coding. Due to the fact that practical computer memory systems always contain noises, a nature question to ask next is how may we generalize these coding schemes, such that they may also have the error-control capabilities. In this paper, we discuss a joint WOM and error-control coding scheme, which is a generalization of the capacity-achieving WOM codes based on source polarization in ma15. In this paper, we prove a sufficient and necessary condition for the noisy reading channel being less noisy than the test channel in data encoding in the polar WOM coding. Such a sufficient and necessary condition is usually satisfied in reality. As a consequence of the sufficient and necessary condition, the high entropy set related to the noisy channel is usually strictly contained in the high entropy set related to the test channel in data encoding. Therefore the low-complexity polar joint WOM and error-control codes are sufficient for most practical coding scenarios.
This paper presents an exploratory study on agile techniques for software testing Test-Driven Development and Behaviour-Driven Development for integration with the agile software development technique known as Domain-Driven Design. It also comprises a comparison between both test approaches, enhancing the strengths and weaknesses of each one. To make it feasible the integration proposal, an example of domain using Apache Isis framework was developed. According to the study performed, the possibility of creating an automatic test generator to make it agile the validation of entities attributes of the domain model was noted.
We present a new image quality assessment method for measuring the degradation of a digital image. The PSNR and SSIM are widely used to evaluate image quality degradation. However, the results obtained with the PSNR and SSIM do not always match a subjective evaluation. We developed a new image quality assessment method based on the dual-tree complex discrete wavelet transform (DT-CDWT) and a weighted geometric mean for four index values, namely, sharpness, granularity, 2-norm error, and infinity norm error, so as to match a subjective evaluation. We describe our image quality assessment in detail and present experimental results demonstrating the usefulness of our method.
As part of information retrieval processes, words are often stemmed to a common root. The Porter Stemming Algorithm operates as a rule-based suffix-removal process. Stemming can be viewed as a way to cluster related words together according to one common stem. Sometimes Porter includes words in a cluster that are un-related. This experiment attempts to correct this using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). FCA is the process of formulating formal concepts from a given formal context. A formal context consists of objects and attributes, and a binary relation that indicates the attributes possessed by each object. A formal concept is formed by computing the closure of subsets of objects and attributes. Using the Cranfield document collection, this experiment crafted a comparison measure between each word in the stemmed cluster using the Google Web 1T 5-gram data set. Using FCA to correct the clusters, the results showed a varying level of success dependent upon the error threshold allowed.
Software quality is not easily measured, so software development organizations seek recognition from clients through the quality of their processes. The SEI (Software Engineering Institute) created the CMMI-DEV (Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development) as a model for organizations to improve their processes and to be appraised in many levels. However, CMMI-DEV is not recognized as a mean of compliance for airborne embedded software, unlike the norm DO-178C, from RTCA (Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics), which is recognized by Federal Aviation Administration by the Advisory Circular 20-115C. This study estimates the intersection between those two documents and proposes a methodology to estimate the distance between CMMI-DEV and DO-178C, defining where a generic software organization following CMMI-DEV should focus to start creating airborne software.
Both Gaussian integers and Lucas sequences have been applied in cryptography. This paper presents the mathematical relationship between Lucas sequences and Gaussian integers. It also explores the complexity of Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP) for Gaussian integers modulo prime by reducing it to Lucas Sequences DLP and real integer DLP. We demonstrate that the algorithms based on the Gaussian Integer DLP have advantages over the corresponding algorithms based on real integer DLP or Lucas Sequences DLP. Numerical examples are provided.
Given the significant concerns regarding carbon emission from the fossil fuels, global warming and energy crisis, the renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) are going to be integrated in the smart grid. This grid can spread the intelligence of the energy distribution and control system from the central unit to the long-distance remote areas, thus enabling accurate state estimation and wide-area real-time monitoring of these intermittent energy sources. This paper proposes a discrete time linear-quadratic regulation (LQR) method to control the state of the micro grid incorporating multiple DERs. Numerical simulations have demonstrated the validity of the scheme using a linear model of DERs. Results indicate that it is better to use the smaller number of step size to control the DER states.
The purpose of this paper is to examine information security culture critical success factors. The current existing literature analyses have not clearly identified factors that have significant influence on information security culture adoption. This paper has examined current influential factors that could have influence information security culture creation within the organization setting. We found information security culture critical success factors to be: top management support for information security, establishing an effective information security policy, information security awareness, information security training and education, information security risk analysis and assessment, information security compliance, ethical conduct policies, and organization culture. This paper contributes to the existing knowledge by proving top critical factors that are necessary for information security culture creation in order to assist managing information security successfully.
The fundamental flaws of qubit concept for general-purpose quantum computing are elaborated here. We show that from implementing of the addition operation of two bits, only four symbolic substitution rules are needed. Superposition of four states from the two qubits is then irrelevant for the addition operation of two bits. The fundamental quantum processor needed is further described here against the quibit concept. The quantum Turing Machine is thus settled in the cellular automata architecture. Therefore, quantum computing must be rule-based, rather than logic-gate based.
We propose a new method for automatically detecting early esophageal cancer from an endoscopic image. We decompose the original image into four components, namely, the RGB and luminance components, and apply the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to these components twice. The fractal dimensions are computed at each small block using the box-counting method, and the abnormal regions are detected based on the fractal dimensions. In addition, to process the endoscopic image quickly, we clip the portion that does not contain the esophageal cancer from the original endoscopic image and resize the remaining image to 1024 x 1024 pixels by mirroring. Finally, we show the abnormal region by using the product of the computed fractal dimensions from the four components. Our method is not intended for providing accurate diagnosis of the detected abnormal regions as esophageal cancer, but is intended to provide additional information to help doctors in their diagnosis. Therefore, our method only needs to detect all of the regions suspected of being cancer even if the detect results are false positives. We describe the procedure used in our method in detail and present experimental results demonstrating that our method is able to detect abnormal regions suspected of being early esophageal cancer using practical endoscopic images.
Developing of Future Internet creates opportunities for new applications to adopt the use of the internet. Many initiatives like FI-WARE and FI-STAR are working on promoting and supporting the use of Future Internet efficiently in different fields. Health care applications introduce some issues in using Future Internet, So more effort is needed to overcome these barriers. Developing health care applications that use Future Internet will lead to recognize the existing issues and then work on solving them to encourage health care professionals and institutions to adopt Future Internet. This paper demonstrates our solution for monitoring surgical operation theatre to track surgical towels and keep track of consumables used in surgery as an application of use of Future Internet in health care using components of FI-WARE and FISTAR.
Drop box is a cloud based file storage service used by more than 200 million users. Its ability to seamlessly provide cloud storage with minimal user complexity is the key for its wide spread popularity. Despite of its high usability, Drop box has been recently criticized for loose ends in security. Security and usability is not always mutually exclusive, and we believe there is still a lot of room to improve Drop box's security without affecting the unique user experience. In this paper, we present a RAM analysis based method to extract the key security token for account access. In addition, we describe a new technique to bypass authentication and gain unauthorized access to Drop box accounts by using the new tray login feature on the most current Drop box client (v2.4.x). Through these exploits, we demonstrate that most of these security issues are at the level of implementation, rather than design. Finally, we describe potential resolutions that can improve Drop box's security without affecting its high usability.
Content Centric Networking (CCN) has introduced new concepts and ideas in the next generation routing protocols research area, proposing an alternative approach to the well known and consolidated TCP/IP protocol suite. CCN envisions a network of smart caching devices that not only transport bits from one place to another but also support the network to provide end users with what they are really interested in: named data. However, while a large portion of the existing literature highlights the benefits of this new network paradigm, we focus on some specific security issues related to the opportunity of mounting distributed denial of service attacks, commonly known as Interest Flooding Attack (IFA). Our results confirm this possibility and assess the behavior of state of the art tools designed to mitigate this problem. We run different simulation campaigns in a real deployment scenario to support our evaluation.
The cyber-physical systems are the combination of computational elements and physical entities that can interact with humans through many modalities. The security includes the malicious attempts by adversary that disrupts or fails the functions of physical systems and affects infrastructure, businesses, and routine human life. The research in cyber-physical systems is in its initial stage. Therefore, first we discussed the status of security in cloud cyber-physical systems. Second, we introduced the challenges ahead to the design and development of the future engineering systems with new security capabilities. Third, we presented the security requirements in Hadoop distributed file systems. Since trust based packet transfer in sensor networks is one of the important security issue infrastructure security, we presented a trust-based approach using Sporas formula and presented the simulations to trust of a successive node before transferring the packets. Finally, the paper presents the future research on cyber-physical systems in the cloud environment.
In several applications it is necessary to detect changes from aerial images analysis. The goal, which has been addressed in several studies, is to develop an automatic method with low computational cost. However, it is a difficult task and isolated contributions have been presented. The main purpose of this paper is present a proposal to detecting change using aerial images obtained by satellite. Kohonen's Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) is used to identify the classes of the images and the change detection is based on post-classification technique. In this paper, a set of images from different period of time from Brazil has been employed. As input of the self-organizing maps, used as an usupervised and nonparametric artificial neural network, it was obtained different features. The self-organizing map is evaluated by varying the type of topological neighborhood function, as a Gaussian, truncated and square Gaussian. The results are obtained through the comparison between the outputs obtained with these maps of colors. The experiments performed on the satellite image have shown that SOM is efficient and have better results for the area of study were obtained using Gaussian and Truncated Gaussian functions.
As technological innovation and market competition continue to accelerate, college students need guidance and support on learning Internet Entrepreneurship more urgently now than ever before. Meanwhile most entrepreneurship programs offered only provide general Strategy-Innovation-Finance guidance for broad entrepreneurship and lack the relevance to Internet startups and the context of Internet technology. We proposed a Technology-Business-Environment model that could help guide universities in nurturing, building, and shaping their students' dreams and goals towards creating a successful Internet startup business. Finally, we demonstrated the design, implementation and evaluation for an undergrad Internet entrepreneurship course using this model.
Big Data technologies like hadoop are transforming analytics and processing, but is there a role mainframe can play in improving big data analytics deployed in organizations' private clouds? Over the period of 60 years, mainframe has contributed extensively to the IT industry but has been replaced by newer machines and methods these days. In this paper we will examine some potential advantages mainframe and its advanced virtualization capability can provide to analytics using hadoop to seamlessly access the vast repositories of data which reside in the proprietary formats.
We propose several new no-reference/blind image quality indices for blur assessment based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and demonstrate that a given image can be classified based on blur by using these indices. Our approach relies on the sharpness, granularity, and L1-norm estimation of the given image in the DWT domains with a relatively long support width. Unlike conventional methods, the reference image is produced from the given image without computing special statistics or using unsupervised methods. Instead, we produce the reference image from the given image by using certain sharpening and denoising methods, and by adopting ideas from reference image quality measures such as the PSNR and SSIM in the DWT domain. We describe the detailed procedure of our method and show some experimental results that demonstrate the high performance.
In this paper, we present our work on analyzing data sets that contain a large amount of data points. We study similarity search problems that find data points closest to a given query point. We also study cluster analysis that detects subgroups of data points from a data set that are similar to each other within the same subgroup. In this paper we design an algorithm to detect the clusters in subspaces that are readjusted continuously when the data set changes and new query requests come. The reconstructed clusters can help improve the performance of the future K nearest search process.
This paper proposes a conceptual framework, motivated by personas and composed of certain interrelated artifacts, to provide a better support for the goals included in the contents of structured user story statements.
