The present chapter is an introduction to the book. The subject we propose has seen an exploded interest since last decade from research community in computer vision and multimedia indexing. From the field of video quality assessment where models of Human Visual System (HVS) were generally used to predict where humans will foveate and how will they perceive the degradation, these methods moved to classical Image and Video Indexing and retrieval tasks, recognition of objects, events, actions in images and video. In this book we try to give the most complete overview of the methods for visual information indexing and retrieval using prediction of visual attention or saliency. But also consider new approaches specifically designed for these tasks.
With the advent of low volume, low cost desk top copiers, a low cost transfer system is needed. The present invention uses a brush having conductive bristles, and a low voltage source, the brush being mounted adjacent to, but not in contact with a photoreceptor. A copy sheet is directed toward the bristles to deflect the bristles so that the bristles are in contact with the back side of the copy sheet as it contacts the toner image on the photoreceptor. Immediately before the trailing edge of the copy sheet moves out of contact with the photoreceptor, the brush is returned to its original position without contacting the photoreceptor.
A subtractive photographic printer is capable of providing extremely short exposure time by coordinating the operation of a shutter and color filters. The shutter is normally positioned in the light path, and is driven out of the light path at the beginning of an exposure cycle. The exposure in each color channel is terminated by driving the color filter associated with that color channel into the light path in a direction which is essentially the same as the direction in which the shutter was driven out of the light path. In addition, the filter is driven into the light path at essentially the same rate at which the shutter was driven out of the path. The exposure time for the color channel is determined by the time delay between actuation of the shutter drive and actuation of the filter drive, since the shutter and the filter move in the same direction and at essentially the same rate. It is possible, therefore, to achieve exposure times which are shorter than the time required to drive the shutter out of the light path or the filter into the light path, since the exposure time is determined by the time delay between actuation of the shutter drive and the filter drive, rather than the response times of the shutter and filter drive.
The requirement for a commonly accepted efficient mapping between multimedia metadata standards and semantic web-ontology standards is a major issue recognized by semantic multimedia research community. Though there have been several attempts to translate MPEG-7 audio descriptions to ontology languages there is very little literature that addresses issues associated with streaming video contents. In this paper we outline our plan to develop a methodology and the corresponding software implementation of mapping techniques of MPEG21 video items. The novelty of our effort lies in the fact that we address the complexity of video content’s metadata descriptions and its integration with the well recognized ontological standard through transparent mapping from original XML to RDF description. The validity of the proposed method and implementation detail will be verified against the MOSAICA semantic framework and its use cases.
A first scale component is stationarily mounted on a stationary lens component relative to which a rotatable lens component is supported. A pointer is supported from the rotatable lens component for angular displacement therewith and the first scale component includes first linear lens stop scale indicia thereon relative to which the pointer is registered and along which the pointer may swing. A second scale component including a second linear size compensation scale is provided and supported from the second scale component for back and forth shifting relative thereto for longitudinally shifting of the size adjustment scale generally along the path of swinging movement of the pointer. A third scale component including a third linear density value scale is supported from the first scale component for back and forth longitudinal shifting of the density scale transverse to the longitudinal extent of an adjacent portion of the size component scale.
This paper describes the design and implementation of video conference system using hybrid type P2P(Peer to Peer). The proposed video conference system has hybrid type P2P architecture based on a client-server and P2P(Peer to Peer), where client-server is used for exchange of account management, client list and status information and P2P is used for the real time video conference. The proposed video conference system decreases the traffic of server, and cuts down the load of a network. Because the multimedia data is decentralized to client by P2P. Also, this system is tested by the multi-party video conference system using communication protocol and application software through high speed networks.
This paper deals with the design and investigation of an approach for dynamic and on demand QoS on videoconference sessions for GRNET’s (Greek NREN) network. After the activation of QoS service in GRNET, a new need for automation of mechanisms for QoS in Videoconferencing session arises. The traditional QoS workflow inserts important administrative cost when a connected institute wants to have a videoconference service with specific QoS guaranties. In such case, the network administrator must manual configure the network’s edge routers. In order to overcome the above limitation, an “automatic” procedure for providing QoS guaranties to videoconference session was investigated. The result was an automatic solution that provides QoS using the QoS Policy Propagation via BGP mechanism for signaling. This automatic QoS deployment solution was tested successfully on the network and some performance measurement are presented in this paper.
Image compression is now essential for applications such as transmission and storage in data bases. This paper proposes a new scheme for image compression; this new method involves two steps. First, we use a lifting scheme wavelet-based transform. Second, we develop a modified entropy coding algorithm. We show how block subband coding leads to increase the compression factor with preserving the quality. The main objective of this work is to encode the intra-frame in a video sequences.
A scanning projection apparatus including a first imaging optical system, a first plane provided on one side of the optical system, a deflector for deflecting a light beam emerging from the first plane and passing through the first imaging optical system, a second imaging optical system for receiving the light beam deflected by the deflector and a second plane provided at the focusing position of the light beam by the second imaging optical system, whereby the first plane is scanned with a slit of a width DELTA S, using the deflector, and the thus obtained slit image of the first plane is projected in succession on a determined position in said second plane, wherein the slit width DELTA S is selected to satisfy a relation DELTA S<1/Rp in which Rp represents the resolving power of the image on the second plane, and wherein the first or second imaging optical system includes elements for correcting the image magnification in the longitudinal direction of the slit.
A self-developing slide copier or printer configured to be supported on a support surface and operable for effecting distribution of a fluid processing composition between sheets of a self-developing film unit in response to manually withdrawing or pulling the film unit along a preferred exit path has its film receiving housing set at a predetermined angle on a support frame so that the preferred exit path will fall within a range of natural pull paths along which an operator most likely will pull the film unit to withdraw it from the housing. The printer is also provided with multiple timers for separately timing a predetermined imbibition period for each of a plurality of sequentially processed film units.
