Deuxième observation concernant cette espèce, cette fois dans le département du Vaucluse.
Dans les frottis sanguins colorés au Giemsa d’un singe Cercocebus albigena capturé en République Centrafricaine, trois espèces d’hématozoaires ont été identifiées : Plasmodium gonderi Rodhain et Van Den Berghe, 1936 (nouvel hôte et nouvelle localisation géographique), Plasmodium petersi n. sp. et Plasmodium georgesi n. sp.. P. petersi se caractérise par la présence fréquente chez les jeunes trophozoites de deux ou trois vacuoles coiffées d’un gros noyau ovalaire, par la morphologie des schizontes presque mûrs contenant de 12 à 18 noyaux arrondis, homogènes et assez gros, et possédant un cytoplasme bleu clair formant souvent une auréole très pâle autour de certains noyaux, par la formation d’un pigment en aiguilles noires et par l’apparition tardive de granulations globulaires très fines, grisâtres, de même taille et relativement peu nombreuses, dans une hématie augmentée de volume, à bords nets et de teinte normale. P. georgesi n. sp. se caractérise par l’allongement en arc de cercle du noyau de ses trophozoïtes, par la grande taille et l’aspect polygonal des noyaux des jeunes schizontes immatures (contenant de 2 à 8 noyaux), par le nombre de noyaux des schizontes presque mûrs (22 à 26), par l’augmentation de volume importante des hématies parasitées qui prennent souvent une forme polygonale, par l’apparition relativement tardive de nombreuses granulations globulaires de tailles irrégulières, devenant de plus en plus violettes et intenses au fur et à mesure que le parasite mûrit, et par la formation tardive d’un pigment punctiforme jaunâtre.
La chétotaxie cercarienne est utilisée pour la révision systématique d'un groupe de Trématodes appartenant aux genres Omphalometra, Opisthioglyphe, Neoglyphe, Lecithopyge et Plagiorchis ; dans les systématiques préexistantes, ils sont attribués tantôt tous aux Plagiorchiidae, tantôt les uns aux Omphalometridae, les autres aux Prosthogonimidae et les derniers aux Plagiorchiidae, c'est-à-dire que leur place systématique varie selon les auteurs.
Plusieurs procédés ont été utilisés pour chercher à préciser le cycle schizogonique de Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis.
O. ramachandrini n. sp., a parasite of the subcutaneous tissues of the feet of Phacochoerus aethiopicus in Cameroon, is described. The female has 3 to 5 giant coelomocytes which form swellings in the anterior part of the body. Together with O. dewittei Bain, Ramachandran, Petter et Mak, 1977, this species constitues a small group of parasites of the Suidae, which are morphologically well characterized, and of which the African species seems to be the most primitive one (conservation of a female cuticle without transverse ridges).
Several procedures were employed to try to specify the schizogonic cycle of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. The Percoll-glucose gradient technique for concentrating the very young stages (rings and young trophozoites), allowing a very precise follow up of the development of the parasitaemia during the first schizogonic cycles. A method for studying the prepatencies, providing an approximation of the number of merozoites inoculated. A comparison between the numbers of merozoites present in the blood, after--firstly simple dilutions in saline, revealing the total number of merozoites,--secondly dilutions in saline after a passage of a few hours in the organism of a mouse, revealing the number of latent merozoites. It was shown that the infection, during the first two cycles, varies according to the time of inoculation. In all cases the increase of the parasitaemia occurred mainly from 00:01 to 06:00. This increase of parasitaemia in mice inoculated with the Percoll concentrated parasites was significantly high during the first cycle in mice inoculated at 06:00 and 09:00 and during the second cycle in those inoculated at 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00. However, differences were rapidly compensated and parasitaemias became comparable at the 3rd or 4th cycle when they ceased to be dependent on the time of inoculation.
The morphological diagnosis of the two species, Litomosoides sigmodontis Chandler, 1931 and L. galizai Bain, Petit et Diagne, 1989 is confirmed by the isoenzymatic analysis. In L. galizai, the mannose-phosphate isomerase and the glucose-phosphate isomerase migrate much faster and therefore further than in L. sigmodontis ; a polymorphism at MPI locus is shown in L. sigmodontis that does not exist in L. galizai. The « L.? » line, derived from the meriones in which it and L. sigmodontis coexisted, is of the pure sigmodontis type, both in morphology and in isoenzymes.
In Giemsa stained blood smears of a Cercocebus albigena monkey which was caught in the south of the Centralafrican Republic, three malaria parasites were identified: Plasmodium gonderi Rodhain et Van Den Berghe, 1936, Plasmodium petersi n. sp. and Plasmodium georgesi n. sp.. P. petersi is characterized by the presence of two or three vacuoles in the young trophozoites, by the morphology of the nearly mature schizonts with 12 to 18 large rounded nuclei and with a light blue coloured cytoplasm forming a pale halo around some nuclei, by black needle-shaped pigment, and by the late appearance of a scanty very fine, grey and discrete stippling in moderately enlarged and normally coloured red cells. P. georgesi n. sp. is characterized by the elongated and crescentic shape of the nucleus of the trophozoites, by the large size and the polygonal appearance of the nuclei of the young immature schizonts (containing from two to eight nuclei), by the number of nuclei in almost mature schizonts (22 to 26), by the enlargement of the infected corpuscles which are often polygonal, by the heavy stippling with numerous purple dots of unequal size, and by the late formation of a fine dot-shaped yellow pigment.
The Oswaldocruzia parasites of the intestines of amphibians in France are closely related and had been considered as one species, O. filiformis. However, a second species, O. bialata, is recognized by some authors because it has wider cervical alae. We found O. bialata to be present in Central Europe but not in France. An analysis of the synlophe indicates that a least four different species (therefore two new species) can be recognized, mainly by the morphology and the number of the crests corresponding to the cervical alae in front of the lateral fields. The basic shape of the spicules in the genus is constant and we propose the following nomenclature: the spicule is divided into 3 main branches, namely the externo-lateral branch or << blade >>, which divides into several processes, the interno-ventral branch or << fork >>, which splits into 2 slender branches and the internodorsal branch or << shoe >>. According to the morphological characteristics of the cuticular alae, the species can be distinguished as following: A. O. bialata (molin, 1861) has semi-spherical, inflated cervical alae and no crests in oesophagal region. B. O. filiformis (Goeze, 1782) has cervical alae with three very small crests and has crests in oesophageal region. C. O. duboisi n. sp. has cervical alae with one big triangular and two small crests and has crests in oesophageal region. D. O. guyetanti n. sp. has triangular, inflated cervical alae with an apical spine and has only dorsal crests in oephageal region. With few exceptions, species of Oswaldocruzia from western Europe occur with low prevalence and low intensity. The names of the hosts that were written on the original labels and included with the parasites do not correspond to the current host-nomenclature. It is therefore difficult to determine both their precise geographical distribution and host-range.
Second observation of this black-fly in human simuliidosis. The country is the department of Vaucluse.
The cercarial chaetotaxy is used for a systematic revision of a group of Trematoda Plagiorchiata belonging to the genera Omphalometra, Opisthioglyphe, Neoglyphe, Lecithopyge and Plagiorchis. In the precedent taxonomies, these genera have been attributed, either all to the Plagiorchiidae, or, ones of them to the Omphalometridae, a part to the Prosthogonomidae and the others to the Plagiorchiidae. The sensillae which have the most important value for systematics are the CI, CII, CIIII cephalic ones, AID antero-dorsal, SI, SII acetabular and U caudal ones. According to our data, the five concerned genera can be divided into four groups: Opisthioglyphe ranae which displays 7 CI, 2-2 1/2 CII, 1 CIII1, 8 AID, 9 SI, 0-6 SII. Lecithopyge rastellus (= Opisthioglyphe rastellus), O. locellus, O. megastomus which display 5 CI, 5 1/2 CII, 1 or 2 CIII1, 4 AID, 9 SI, 0 to 6 SII. Omphalometra flexuosa which displays 5 to 6 CI, 6 1/2 CII, 1 CIIII, 4 to 5 AID, 6-10 SI, 0-3 SII. Plagiorchis spp. (10 species) which display 5 CI, 6 1/2 CII, 2 CIIII, 3-7 AID, 9 SI, 6 SII. Our results show the heterogeneousness of the genus Opisthioglyphe in the acception Of Yamaguti (1971) and Skrjabin (1971); the type species being Opisthioglyphe ranae, the rastellus, locellus and megastomus species display a very different chaetotaxic pattern and can be assembled into the genus Lecithopyge Perkins, 1928 of which the type species is L. rastellus. Our results suggest the existence of closely relation between the L. rastellus species (parasite of Amphibians) and the 0. locellus and megastomus species (parasites of Mammals) these two later species being attributed to the genus Neoglyphe Yamaguti, 1958 by the classical systematics. Our results allow the invalidation of the genus Neoglyphe of which the type species is N. locellus; this species becomes a synonyme of a species of Lecithopyge. They confirm the validity of the genus Plagiorchis and its homogeneousness while the classes of their vertebrate hosts include as well Amphibians and Reptiles, than Birds and Mammals. They allow the grouping of Omphalometra, Lecithopyge and Plagiorchis in the sub-family Plagiorchiinae meanwhile Opisthioglyphe belongs to the Opisthioglyphinae.
Antileishmanial chemotherapy is hampered by the location of parasites within lysosomal vacuoles of the macrophages which restricts the bioavailability of many potential antileishmanial compounds. In this study, the effectiveness of pentamidine targeted to the infected cells by a linkage to a colloidal drug carrier, methacrylate polymere nanoparticles was explored. In the same way, polyisoalkylcyanoacrylate nanospheres which have, in vitro, trypanolytic properties were also tested. The study was performed in an in vitro model using Leishmania major amastigote stages within the U 937 human monohistiocytic cell line. The antileishmanial activities of unloaded or pentamidine-loaded nanoparticles were compared to those of the free drugs. The 50 % effective concentration of targeted pentamidine was 0.10 mug/ml, while it was up to 2.7 mug/ml with the free drug after a 24-hour incubation time. The pentamidine-bound nanoparticles proved to be 25 times more active than the free drug. Unloaded polyisoalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles destroyed intracellular amastigote stages (50 % EC = 15 mug/ml) but at a level close to the cytotoxic concentration.
Les auteurs mentionnent la présence dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal de Phlebotomus bergeroti, espèce anthropophile qui peut jouer un rôle épidémiologique important. Une nouvelle liste, mise à jour, des Phlébotomes du Sénégal est donnée à cette occasion.
Description of a new species of the Nematode Strongyloididae Strongyloides natricis sp. n. from Natrix maura (L. 1758) (Colubridae), from Mora de Rubielos locality, Teruel, Spain. In addition to other anatomical characteristics, it differ from other species of the same genus that parasitize snakes by their bigger size, and by their proportionally smaller esophagic and tail lengths.
The periovular granulomatous reaction has been reduced in vivo by an IgM monoclonal antibody. The granulomatous reaction has been obtained either in unsensitized, or sensitized as well as immunized mouse. The granulomatous reduction could be explained by a decrease in egg viability, owing to the fact that the monoclonal antibody is lethal against an in vitro miracidium suspension.
En 1985, nous avons décrit les stades pré-imaginaux de quatre espèces de Phlébotomes, Sergentomyia silva, S. impudica, S. dyemkoumai, S. moreli.S. silva, espèce très fréquente en République du Congo, était signalée à notre attention par Davidson comme une espèce nouvelle qu'il se proposait de décrire dans une révi sion du sous-genre Sergentomyia en préparation (commu nication personnelle, 1982).La parution de notre article ayant précédé celle de la révision de Davidson (1990), il s'avère que les larves que nous avons décrites constituent les types de la nouvelle espèce.Pami les syntypes ayant permis ces descriptions, nous désignons comme lectotype la préparation L 182 JT et comme paralectotypes les préparations L 179 JT, L 181 JT, L 183 JT et L 186 JT.Ces préparations concernent des larves du 4e stade, issues d'un élevage (E 184 JT), obtenu à partir de la ponte d'une femelle capturée le 8 juin 1976 sur un tronc d'arbre de la forêt-galerie de la Djoumouna, située à une vingtaine de kilomètres au Sud-Ouest de Braz zaville.Les préparations L 182 JT et L 181 JT sont déposées dans les collections du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. RÉFÉRENCES
In Western Europe, Ixodes ricinus has been recognized as the vector of several animal and human diseases. The last discovered nosological entity linked with that species is Lyme Borreliosis, whose repartition is to date badly known. It then becomes important to have a comprehensive view of the vector distribution in order to know what areas are propitious to the disease. The tick is an exophile species and lives more particularly in wooded areas.For mapping the species in France, we have conceived a method L using the different vegetation types as ecological indicators, each << series >> having homogeneous environmental conditions. The successive steps in the accomplishment of the study (from the zoning of the territory to the tick sampling) are presented here (Use of small and medium scale vegetation maps, fixing the forest stations to be prospected, standardization of the flagging technique). Some results are analysed here in order to give an idea and the limits of the method. In this purpose, the authors point out the results obtained in two different areas.In South-Western France, the vegetation series can be easily distinguished and are largely variable from one area to another. In the present study, the tick frequencies are also proved to be varying from one << series >> to an other. In this case, the vegetation can be considered as an efficient indicator. The acarological data are obviously in connection with the ecological variability of the territory. As regard of Brittany (North-Western, France) because the homogeneity and uniformity of the area, the vegetation series cannot be distinguished continuously. So the use of the vegetal indicator from the reason that has been exposed, can be thought of little interest.
L’activité des principes actifs habituellement utilisés au cours des leishmanioses a pu être améliorée, en les incorporant à un vecteur.
