710 2. Harvey JA. Cocaine effects on the developing brain: current status. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2004;27:751-64. 3. Slamberova R, PometlovaM, Charousova P. Postnatal development of rat pups is altered by prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006;30:82-8. 4. Roy TS, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA. Prenatal nicotine exposure evokes alterations of cell structure in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;300:124-33. 5. Liu J, Cohen RA, Gongvatana A, Sheinkopf SJ, Lester BM. Impact of prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco on diffusion tensor imaging and sensation seeking in adolescents. J Pediatr 2011;159:771-5. 6. Lester BM, ElSohly M, Wright LL, Smeriglio VL, Verter J, Bauer CR, et al. The Maternal Lifestyle Study: drug use by meconium toxicology and maternal self-report. Pediatrics 2001;107:309-17. 7. Wozniak JR, Muetzel RL. What does diffusion tensor imaging reveal about the brain and cognition in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders? Neuropsychol Rev 2011;21:133-47. 8. Warner TD, Behnke M, Eyler FD, Padgett K, Leonard C, Hou W, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of frontal white matter and executive functioning in cocaine-exposed children. Pediatrics 2006;118:2014-24.
Every day, in clinics and hospitals around the world, occupational therapists care for patients with serious problems requiring viable solutions. Each patient is unique, and his or her problem does not necessarily correspond to existing practice models. Practitioners must adapt standard approaches to provide effective outcomes, yet problems exist for which few or no beneficial approaches have been identified. Such clinical issues require solutions to be generated de novo from the practitioner's body of knowledge and past experience. Yet, no single new intervention can be used without prior validation of its efficacy. Only a therapist with a prepared mind can accept such challenges, recognize what is known and not yet known, design studies to acquire that needed knowledge, and translate it into successful clinical treatment strategies. The occupational therapist with a prepared mind is one willing to seize unexpected opportunities and construct new paradigms of practice. Innovation through scientific inquiry requires a prepared mind.
In order to develop a new theory of reasoning, public health must embrace certain logical and epistemological concepts which have almost exclusively been examined within philosophy. These concepts include presumption and a group of arguments known as the informal fallacies. It is argued that presumption is a highly versatile concept which has not received the attention it deserves in epistemology. Features of this concept such as its defeasibility make it well suited to reasoning in contexts of uncertainty. However, in order to achieve any purchase in reasoning, presumption must find a logical home. It is argued that that home is as part of a group of arguments known as the informal fallacies. Throughout the long history of logic, informal fallacies have been characterized as weak or bad forms of reasoning. However, with the emergence of informal logic, traditionally negative characterizations of these arguments have lost some of their dominance. The journey taken by these arguments, from their treatment in the logical treatises of historical thinkers to present-day analyses, is examined in this chapter.
This commentary considers how the insights from the Building Research & Information 2008 special issue on 'Comfort in a Lower Carbon Society' impact upon our understanding of the nature of comfort demand; their importance and relevance to the theory and policies of building comfort; and the commentary draws upon changing comfort practices in other parts of the world. One of the most important contributions of the collection is to situate comfort historically and technically, but also to give attention to the social consequences of air-conditioning. Air-conditioning has brought with it an encapsulation of home within house and has led to significant changes in the social geography of home and neighbourhood. The social, material and discursive facets of air-conditioning are globalizing at a rapid pace, fostered by the spread of inappropriate building practices, faith in modern scientific solutions to achieving comfort, and new ideas about the human body. Local knowledge about climate and comfort is waning in many parts of the world, and cooling comfort increasingly relegated to technical experts. This collection makes an important contribution to understanding how air-conditioning has become pervasive and suggests new lines of thinking in the crucial effort to move towards a less carbon-intensive comfort regime.
A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the life blood is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.
Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 178, Issue 5 p. 193-193 From the Editor's Desk Whither public health? Martin B Van Der Weyden, Martin B Van Der Weyden Editor The Medical Journal of AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author Martin B Van Der Weyden, Martin B Van Der Weyden Editor The Medical Journal of AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 March 2003 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05156.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume178, Issue5March 2003Pages 193-193 RelatedInformation
For the past 10 years, 1991–2001, Dr. Karen B. Haller served as the editor of JOGNN, the official journal of the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). In this editorial, I honor her service to the journal, not only because of its magnitude, but more important, because of its excellence. For those who know Karen personally, I need say no more. For those of you who know only her name on JOGNN’s masthead, you have held the evidence of that excellence in your hands as you have read the journal issue by issue over the past decade.
As scientists in public health, we are often asked to assist in the process of setting priorities in the area of public health. The task of public health scientists is often to help in establishing a sensible balance between, on the one hand, local needs, political priorities and availability of resources, and on the other hand, knowledge about causes and consequences of various public health problems as well as cost-effectiveness of different programmes. Many of the readers of this journal have experience of such work at local, regional or national level. In this issue, Weil and McKee present an interesting experience from a consultation on public health priorities at a European level. They have used the network of the European Association of Public Health (EPHA) to identify key public health issues perceived in different countries, based on criteria that emphasised European added value, and to agree on a list of ten priorities. The questions and criteria were formulated in a very general way. Thus, as could be expected, the boundaries of public health as well as the terminology and definitions used varied strongly between countries. Possible alternatives would have been to work with a more structured questionnaire, to formulate alternatives or to use a Delphi type of approach. The method used was probably more interesting as a first step in this procedure of starting to discuss priorities at a European level. Furthermore, the authors point out that more structured methods are difficult to use in a network of organisations with different backgrounds, cultures and national representativeness. Given the method used and the heterogeneous character of the organisations and respondents involved, many of the priorities given are remarkably similar. Inequality in health, alcohol and drug use and ageing were public health problems consistently mentioned by several countries, and a number of other problems in the final list were given high priority by several countries. It is not quite clear how the responses from the first round were brought together and synthesised to a final list. This was made during a meeting, in which staff from the European Commission also participated, but the format and procedure of this second phase is not described. The fact that the covering letter to the questionnaire specifically asked for five main priorities, but that the final list
Facing the Facts of Life The Facts of Life: Science and the Abortion Controversy. Morowitz Harold J. Trefil James S.. Oxford University Press, New York, 1992. 179 pp., $19.95 (ISBN 0-19-507927-2 cloth). Walter G. Rosen Walter G. Rosen Washington, DC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 43, Issue 7, July/August 1993, Pages 495–496, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311912 Published: 01 August 1993
Farewell, and Hail! T.S. Thomas S. Chen , MD Editor-in-Chief With this issue there is a changing of the guard. Dr. Rowen K. Zetterman has resigned his position as Editor-in-Chief. As a founder he charted the course and guided the journal to its destination. Under his able leadership and rigorous approach, the journal has maintained a high standard of works. He assembled a capable board of editors who worked to ensure that the journal would reach its goal of excellence. We owe Dr. Zetterman our deepest gratitude for his 9 years of faithful service and wish him well in his endeavors. Dr. Richard P. McDermott has generously assented to assume the duties of the newly vacated position. He is well aquainted as a member of the editorial board with the workings of the journal. His peers around the world know him as a skillful and productive gastroenterolo-gist. Dr. McDermott is currently Professor and Chief of Gastroenterology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. With this background, the success of his tenure as the next Editor-in-Chief is assured.
The immense and real problems in securing nutritional adequacy for the world's peoples now and in the future were highlighted in the fascinating paper given by Sir Kenneth Blaxter FRS at the Thirteenth International Congress of Nutrition held in Brighton in August. These are some of the details of Sir Kenneth's paper.
