Effective wound treatment largely depends on the use of materials capable of maintaining a moist environment, protecting the damaged tissue from infection, and promoting tissue regeneration. In this context, considerable attention has been focused on natural polysaccharides due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and broad potential for functional modification. Among these, konjac glucomannan has attracted particular interest as a natural biopolymer with pronounced hydrophilic and gel-forming properties. Aim. To systematize current scientific data on the application of konjac glucomannan in wound dressing technology, analyze its properties as a biomaterial, and summarize research findings on the development of hydrogels, films, sponges, and fibers based on this polysaccharide. Materials and Methods. An analytical review of scientific publications indexed in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted. Konjac glucomannan was found to possess high water-retention capacity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and the ability to form three-dimensional polymer networks. Analysis of the literature confirmed its effective use in composite materials with xanthan gum, chitosan, Bletilla striata polysaccharides, gelatin, and other polymeric components. These composites exhibit improved mechanical and adhesive properties, maintain a moist wound environment, provide controlled release of bioactive compounds, and promote favorable conditions for tissue repair. Experimental studies demonstrated that konjac glucomannan-based materials stimulate cell migration, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and epithelialization. Furthermore, modification with bioactive compounds or antimicrobial agents imparts anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, enhancing wound healing. Konjac glucomannan is a promising natural biopolymer for the development of modern wound dressings. Its physicochemical properties and compatibility with other biopolymers enable the fabrication of materials with enhanced functional characteristics, supporting further research aimed at developing innovative wound care products.
Enterosorbents based on highly dispersed silicon dioxide are among the most widely used agents of sorption therapy. This paper briefly highlights the history of their introduction into medical practice in Ukraine and outlines current trends in the development of this area, in particular the transition from powders to gel-like forms and the use of silicon dioxide obtained by precipitation along with fumed silica. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the enhanced protein sorption activity of innovative gel-like silica-containing enterosorbents compared to individual silicas in powder form (the “superactivity” effect) and to substantiate the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon based on the results of some physicochemical studies. The objects of the study were fumed and precipitated silicon dioxides, as well as gel-like enterosorbents developed on their basis. Protein sorption activity was evaluated using gelatin adsorption as a model protein. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate intermolecular interactions between the components of the sorption system, whereas thermogravimetric analysis was used to assess the state of bound water and the structural organization of the gels. It was shown that the gel-like enterosorbents based on fumed and precipitated silica exhibited a significantly higher capacity for gelatin adsorption compared with the parent silicas. This effect was found to be associated with the presence of highly hydrophilic polysaccharides, namely sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate, in the gel composition. IR spectroscopic data indicate the formation of an extensive hydrogen-bonding network between the functional groups of the protein and the silica-polysaccharide matrix, as evidenced by changes in the position and intensity of the absorption bands of amide, hydroxyl and silanol groups after gelatin adsorption. The results of thermogravimetric analysis confirm changes in the state of bound water and increased structural complexity of the gels, as evidenced by greater mass losses in the dehydration region and the appearance of additional thermal effects. The combined results indicate that the “superactivity” effect of silica-containing gels is caused by the synergistic action of silicon dioxide and polysaccharide components, which ensures the formation of a structured silica-polysaccharide matrix with an enhanced capacity for protein adsorption. The obtained data expand the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of modern silicacontaining enterosorbents and may be used in the development of effective sorption systems for medical applications.
Instructions for medical use (IMU) serve as the main source of information for safe use by healthcare professionals and patients and accompany each registered drug. IMU combines the functions of documents for both the doctor and the patient, which necessitates the need to balance the scientific completeness of information and its accessibility for non-specialists. In European practice, information about a medicinal product is structured in the form of separate documents: a summary of product characteristics (Summary of Product Characteristics, SmPC), aimed at healthcare professionals, and a package leaflet (Package Leaflet, PL), intended for patients. The aim of the work was to analyze the current state of IMU of medicinal products as an integrated source of information in making informed clinical and pharmaceutical decisions and the transformation of the document in the context of integration into EU legislation. It was found that the IMU, SmPC and PL have a common information basis, but differ in structure, volume and target orientation, where the SmPC is the most complete source of information about the medicinal product for making clinical decisions by healthcare professionals. It was shown that pharmacovigilance plays a key role in the formation and u pdating of information in theSmPC, IMU and PL, but the key difference lies in the methods of reporting adverse reactions and the levels of detail of risks. It was proven that the IMU is a compromise tool that provides access to key information for different categories of users. At the same time, limitations in volume and the need to adapt information may lead to the loss of some of the detailed scientific data fully provided in the SmPC. Certain clinical decisions (availability of clinical data, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, adverse reactions, drug interactions) involve the analysis of the SmPC by the physician to choose the optimal drug. Pharmaceutical solutions (dosage form, storage conditions, packaging, administration devices, etc.) are strategic approaches of the manufacturer at the stages of development and registration of a medicinal product, which directly affect the content and structure of the IMU, SmPC, PL. The transformation of the IMU in the context of harmonization of Ukrainian l egislation with EUrequirements involves the replacement of the IMU with the SmPC and PL, the use of QRD templates, and the digitalization of information about medicinal products. Standardization of the PL structure, improved readability, and the introduction of modern text-processing technologies ensure the accessibility and comprehensibility of information and support the safe use of medicinal products by patients. The transformation of the IMU into the SmPC and PL contributes to improving the quality of information, the safety of pharmacotherapy, and the efficiency of clinical and pharmaceutical decision-making.
This editorial examines the transformation of the Pharmaceutical Journal and the evolving requirements for modern scientific publications. It focuses on updates to the journal’s editorial policy, improvements in peer review, the development of digital infrastructure, and the principles of academic integrity and open access. Particular attention is paid to the journal’s confirmation as a Category B scientific professional publication and the new opportunities this creates for authors. The author outlines the journal’s strategic priorities, including strengthening its international presence, expanding collaboration with Ukrainian and international researchers, integration into leading international scientometric databases, and further development of digital services. The editorial also addresses the use of artificial intelligence in scholarly publishing and presents a vision of the journal’s future as a modern European scientific publication that combines nearly a century of tradition with international standards.
The modern concept of treatment of infectious urogenital lesions is based on purposeful etiotropic and pathogenetically justified prescription of effective drugs. Bifonazole is an imidazole compound that has long been effectively used in dermatological practice for topical therapy of skin and nails, has high antimycotic activity of a wide spectrum and, at the same time, vaginal forms of it are absent. On the basis of complex studies, the rational composition of vaginal suppositories of biphonazole 0.3 g was proposed, which will expand the range of antimycotic pharmacotherapeutic agents for gynecological practice and will increase the effectiveness of treatment of mycotic lesions of the genitourinary organs. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the optimal temperature regime for the manufacture of vaginal suppositories with biphonazole, which eliminates the negative change in the pharmacotechnological parameters of the dosage form. The objects of thermogravimetric studies were vaginal suppositories with bisphonazole 0.3 g, as well as active and auxiliary substances of this dosage form. Thermogravimetric studies were carried out using a derivatograph Shimadzu DTG-60 (Japan). The test samples were heated in aluminum crucibles in the temperature range of 29 to 300 °C using α-Al2O3 as a reference substance. According to thermogravimetry, biphonazole is a thermally stable compound up to 253 °C with a mass loss of only 1.1 %. The components of the suppository carrier are also quite stable at temperatures up to 100 °C. The nature of the thermal effects on the derivatogram of vaginal suppositories with bifonazole is completely correlated with the thermal effects of the carrier base of the dosage form. Thermogravimetric studies of vaginal suppositories with bisphonazole 0.3 g and their components prove that the components of the composition on a lipophilic carrier (cocoa butter plus 5 % emulsifier No. 1) do not interact with each other and it is practically a mechanical mixture of the constituent ingredients. Carrying out the process of making vaginal suppositories with biphonazole in the temperature range inherent in the production of these dosage forms (70-80 ºC) does not lead to destructive effects on its components and the finished product.
Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) remain a significant component of general population morbidity, placing a heavy socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. Rational ARVI pharmacotherapy is critical to prevent polypharmacy, unjustified antibiotic use, and the administration of drugs with unproven efficacy. Despite modern international guidelines and the National Formulary, real-world practice reveals notable discrepancies between evidence-based requirements and actual recommendations. The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of medical and pharmaceutical workers’ approaches to drug selection for ARVI, assess their awareness of rational treatment principles, and identify key factors shaping prescribing strategies in daily practice. The study analyzed primary data from an anonymous online survey of 73 healthcare and pharmacy professionals. The methodology included sociological methods, descriptive statistics with cross-tabulation, and Spearman’s non-parametric rank correlation analysis. Statistical processing and data visualization were performed using Microsoft Excel and Python (Pandas and Matplotlib libraries). The analysis demonstrated that appropriate symptomatic therapy remains the primary rationale strategy among specialists. However, a persistent trend toward polypharmacy was identified due to the overprescription of broad-spectrum antivirals and immunomodulators at early stages. Pharmacists are significantly more influenced by commercial marketing strategies when selecting drug brands compared to physicians. A marketing paradox was noted, where even specialists with high knowledge self-assessments acknowledge advertising influence. Practitioners with under five years of experience adhere more strictly to evidence-based medicine. Correlation analysis confirmed that strong protocol knowledge directly converts into higher patient trust and adherence to immunoprophylaxis, despite frequent psychological pressure from patients expecting potent medications. These findings highlight the insufficient level of public health literacy and emphasize the need to shield healthcare professionals from aggressive commercial pressure. The data provide an objective basis for improving continuing professional development programs focused on ARVI pharmacotherapy and vaccination.
Clinical assessment is one of the most labor-intensive components of Health Technology Assessment, as it requires systematic literature retrieval, critical appraisal, and synthesis of scientific evidence. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have created new opportunities to optimize these processes; however, comparative analyses of artificial intelligence-based tools supporting the clinical component of Health Technology Assessment remain limited. The aim of the study was to systematize current evidence on the application of artificial intelligence in the clinical component of Health Technology Assessment and to identify its advantages, limitations, and prospects for evidence synthesis. The study was based on a structured review of scientific publications using descriptive, comparative, and content analysis methods. The findings demonstrated that contemporary artificial intelligence-based tools support different stages of evidence synthesis, including literature retrieval, publication screening, structured data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and evidence synthesis. According to their functional purpose, the identified tools were grouped into two principal categories: specialized platforms developed to automate specific stages of clinical assessment and large language models capable of supporting a broad range of analytical tasks. Comparative analysis revealed substantial differences in their functional capabilities, degree of automation, and potential applicability to Health Technology Assessment. None of the identified artificial intelligence-based tools currently supports the complete clinical assessment workflow, indicating that they should be regarded as complementary rather than interchangeable technologies. For Ukraine, the integration of artificial intelligence-based tools into national and hospital-based Health Technology Assessment offers promising opportunities to improve the efficiency of evidence synthesis, optimize the use of expert resources, and reduce the time required to prepare the clinical component of Health Technology Assessment reports. The implementation of artificial intelligence-based tools should be accompanied by mandatory expert validation of the obtained results. Further integration of artificial intelligence into Health Technology Assessment practice requires the development of methodological guidance together with clear principles governing the application and validation of artificial intelligence-based tools.
Pharmacist-led interventions can improve clinical and behavioral outcomes in patients with diabetes. However, the effectiveness of such approaches depends largely on the willingness of pharmacists to participate in the implementation of standardized approaches, their level of professional training, access to clinical guidelines, and organizational support. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the readiness of pharmacy professionals to actively participate in implementing the Standard of Pharmaceutical Care for people with diabetes in community pharmacy practice, with the aim of facilitating its effective implementation. A cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 429 pharmacy professionals working in community pharmacies. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Spearman rank correlation, and binary logistic regression. Internal consistency of multi-item scales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Of the 429 respondents, 251 (58.5 %) expressed readiness to actively participate in implementation of the pharmaceutical care standard. The mean integrated self-assessed knowledge score was 3.41±0.92, with a median of 3.56 and an interquartile range of 3.00–4.00. The mean integrated self-assessed practical skills score was 3.22±0.94, with a median of 3.17 and an interquartile range of 2.67–4.00. The perceived importance of leadership support for implementation was high, with a mean score of 4.41±0.75. Internal consistency of the scales was high: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.961 for the knowledge scale and 0.915 for the practical skills scale. Readiness to implement the standard demonstrated significant direct correlations with self-assessed knowledge (ρ=0.137; p=0.004), practical skills (ρ=0.200; p<0.001), access to clinical guidelines (ρ=0.128; p=0.008), and previous continuing professional development (ρ=0.171; p<0.001). The association with perceived organizational support was weak and did not reach statistical significance (ρ=0.082; p=0.090). In the multivariable logistic regression model, higher practical skills remained an independent statistically significant predictor of readiness (OR=1.53; 95 % CI 1.03–2.28; p=0.033), and better access to clinical guidelines also remained significant (OR=1.21; 95 % CI 1.02–1.44; p=0.033). In contrast, self-assessed knowledge, previous continuing professional development, and perceived organizational support did not retain independent statistical significance in the full model. Pharmacy professionals’ readiness to actively participate in implementing a pharmaceutical care standard for patients with diabetes mellitus is determined primarily by practical professional competence and access to clinical guidelines.
The triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole framework is an important biophoric fragment for modern organic and medicinal chemistry. This condensed system successfully combines two pharmacologically significant fivemembered heterocycles – 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole, which causes significant interest in terms of the spectrum of activity of its analogues compared to the individual starting components. Its further functionalization opens up wide opportunities for the creation of compounds with specified biological properties, which is a relevant direction of modern medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical science. The aim of the work was analysis of literature data about biological activity of the condecsed heterocyclic systems based on functionally substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. The objects of the study were informational scientific sources on biological activity of 3,6-disubstituted triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. The work used information search, system and content analysis, and generalization of results. A review of current literature sources was conducted, as a result of which data on the spectrum of pharmacological activity of heterocyclic systems based on [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles were carried out. Analysis of literature data indicates the ability of this scaffold to act as a universal structural platform for the design of new biologically active compounds with predicted properties and improved pharmacokinetic characteristics. It was established that derivatives of the specified heterocyclic system demonstrate a wide range of biological activity, including antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and potential antioxidant effects, which makes them promising for further pharmaceutical research. Special attention is paid to the structural features of this bicyclic scaffold, which determine its significant chemical diversity and ability to undergo functional modifications, which, in turn, significantly expands the possibilities of targeted molecular design. An analysis of literature sources on the biological activity of 3,6-disubstituted triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole derivatives was carried out. It has been established that the indicated scaffold, as the main structural component, is part of compounds with antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tuberculosis, antiviral effects, etc. In general, such a confirmed versatile pharmacological potential is an indisputable justification for further research into the indicated compounds.
Primary cicatricial alopecias belong to a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the hair follicles that lead to their irreversible destruction and the formation of scar tissue. The complexity of diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, and the lack of unified approaches to treatment necessitate an assessment of the current range of medicinal products available for the pharmacotherapy of this pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate the structure and range of medicinal products on the domestic pharmaceutical market that are used for the treatment of primary cicatricial alopecias. The materials of the study were data on medicinal products registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine as of 01.01.2026. Due to the absence of unified treatment protocols for primary cicatricial alopecias, the selection of medicinal products for marketing analysis was carried out on the basis of an analysis of current international scientific publications, clinical recommendations of professional dermatological associations, and data on the use of medicinal products in real clinical practice. It was established that 118 trade names (TNs) of medicinal products that can be used for the treatment of primary cicatricial alopecias are registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. By manufacturer origin, imported medicinal products predominate – 91 TNs (79%), whereas the share of domestic medicinal products is 27 TNs (21%). Capsules and tablets account for a significant share of the range – 35 TNs. Among medicinal products for topical use, ointments and creams predominate – 50 TNs, whereas systemic glucocorticosteroids are represented exclusively by injectable dosage forms. By composition, monocomponent medicinal products predominate – 89 TNs (75%), including all medicinal products of isotretinoin, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics. Combined medicinal products account for 29 TNs (25%) and are represented predominantly by betamethasone preparations for topical use. The results of the study indicate a significant dependence of the studied market segment on imported medicinal products and a limited range of agents for the treatment of primary cicatricial alopecias. The obtained data may be used to substantiate the prospects for expanding the range and developing domestic production of medicinal products for the treatment of primary cicatricial alopecias.
It is believed that one of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease is oxidative stress, during which free radicals not only damage cellular structures but also provoke the oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is responsible for regulating motor functions. This process also leads to the formation of toxic metabolites, which, in turn, enhance neurodegeneration. This determines the relevance of the search for antioxidants that can be included in pharmaceutical compositions for use in complex pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease in order to reduce oxidative damage to dopamine. The flavonoids rutin and quercetin are promising candidates due to their antioxidant properties, however, a comparative assessment of their effectiveness in inhibiting dopamine oxidation is necessary. The aim of the work was to compare the antioxidant properties of rutin and quercetin in a model chemical in vitro system of dopamine oxidation. The effect of rutin and quercetin on the process of dopamine oxidation in a model chemical in vitro system was studied spectrophotometrically at final concentrations in the reaction mixture of 50, 100 and 200 μM. Trolox was used as a reference antioxidant in similar concentrations. The quantitative expression of reaction rates was carried out by calculating the first-order rate constant. For the first time, the effect of flavonoid compounds, namely rutin and quercetin, as well as trolox on the process of dopamine oxidation in a model in vitro system was studied. It was proven that all the studied compounds inhibit the oxidation of the neurotransmitter, and their effect has a pronounced dose-dependent nature. It was found that at a final concentration of 200 μM, quercetin and rutin reduce the rate constant of dopamine oxidation by 1.67 and 2.20 times, respectively. In contrast, trolox, used as a reference antioxidant, demonstrated a better effect at a similar concentration, reducing the rate of dopamine oxidation by 2.53 times. The results of the study confirm the prospect of using the flavonoids rutin and quercetin, as well as trolox as adjuvants and components of pharmaceutical compositions for combined pharmacotherapy and prevention of Parkinson's disease, reducing the progression of the disease by slowing the rate of dopamine oxidation.
Diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses remain among the most common reasons for visits to otorhinolaryngologists in Ukraine, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life by impairing intellectual productivity and work capacity. The aim of the study was to conduct a marketing analysis of medicinal products for the treatment of nasal cavity diseases on the domestic pharmaceutical market in order to determine the assortment structure and justify the development of a combined domestic medicinal product based on herbal components. The research was based on an analysis of scientific literature, instructions for medical use, data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine, and the Compendium.com information resource. Systemic-analytical and mathematical-statistical methods were applied. As of November 1, 2025, 169 trade names of medicinal products from group R01 («Nasal preparations») were registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Structural analysis revealed the absolute dominance of sympathomimetics (subgroup R01AA, 62.7%), specifically xylometazoline (54 trade names) and oxymetazoline (39 trade names) preparations. The share of imported medicinal products is 58%, with Germany being the leading supplier country (30.6% of trade names), while Croatia and Switzerland each account for 8.2% of the product range by trade names. Italy and France each hold a share of 7.14%. Domestic medicinal products (42% of the market) are manufactured by 13 Ukrainian enterprises, with the market leaders being JSC «Farmak» (28.99% of trade names), LLC Corporation Zdorovya (17.39% of trade names), USJV «Sperco Ukraine»(15.94% of trade names), and LLC «Micropharm» (14.49% of trade names). The dominant dosage forms are sprays (67.05%) and nasal drops (28.82%). Analysis of the product range of medicinal products used for the treatment of nasal cavity diseases by the nature of their active ingredients reveals that single-component drugs predominate (79.9%). The analysis of products containing herbal components shows that their share is insignificant (13%), with 72.7% of them being of domestic production. Furthermore, in 90.9% of these medicines, herbal components are used as excipients, where essential oils and extracts are combined with synthetic decongestants. The share of products containing exclusively herbal components as active pharmaceutical ingredients is minimal (0.1%, 2 trade names). The research results confirm the feasibility of developing new domestic combined preparations based on herbal components.
Pharmacies, as health care institutions, could be involved in carrying out preventive vaccination measures to prevent influenza and new strains of COVID-19 with information support for pharmacy professionals, patients amd material base of pharmacies. Since after the pandemic in some EU countries vaccination is carried out in pharmacies. The aim study was to systematize the results of the experience of EU countries on vaccination issue against influenza and COVID-19 in pharmacies and the new roles of pharmacists; to study the awareness of pharmacists on vaccination in pharmacies, to identify areas for training in continuous professional development; to identify problematic aspects for vaccination implementation in pharmacies of Ukraine. Data from international literature on the implementation of population vaccination in pharmacies in EU countries and the new roles of a pharmacist were summarized and systematized. A study of pharmacists' awareness of the introduction of vaccination in pharmacies was conducted, a special survey was developed using Google form and was conducted for 205 managers and pharmacists from September 2025 to January 2026. Methods: systematization and generalization, content analysis of literature data, questionnaires, surveys, descriptive statistics methods. Systematization of literature data showed that vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 is effective, especially for risk groups. It was established that in some EU countries specially trained pharmacists have the right to conduct vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 in a pharmacy, provide pharmaceutical care on all issues of immunization. In Ukraine, after the COVID-19 pandemic, relevant legislative changes provided the possibility of conducting vaccination in a pharmacy subject to compliance with certain licensing requirements. The results of the survey showed that only 29.5% of pharmacists consider themselves prepared to conduct vaccination in a pharmacy, but the majority, 70.5%, indicate that they need thorough training, new cycles of postgraduate education in order to provide informational care to patients about the need for vaccination, selection of vaccines, taking into account data on age, gender, concomitant chronic diseases, the likelihood of adverse reactions, and vaccination timetable. Problematic aspects related to the material base of pharmacies, awareness of pharmacists, and the population regarding the introduction of vaccination in pharmacies in Ukraine were identified. Systematic measures are needed to educate pharmacists about vaccination, and to introduce reimbursement for influenza vaccines for at-risk groups, in particular for doctors and pharmacists.
Ischemic heart disease, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, is considered one of the main factors in the occurrence of arrhythmias. Military operations directly affect the quality of the pharmaceutical supply of drugs to the population, therefore the analysis of the availability of antiarrhythmic pharmacotherapeutic agents for Ukrainian patients is relevant. The aim of this work is to evaluate the availability of antiarrhythmic drugs used in cardiology practice. The official resources of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and online data of pharmacy chains served as the information base of the study. Methods used: information search, analysis, generalization, marketing research. To assess the economic availability of antiarrhythmic drugs, for constant market positions, the solvency adequacy ratio was calculated. 37 trade names that are in the greatest demand have been identified. It has been established that domestically produced drugs remain significantly cheaper than foreign analogues, which makes Ukrainian generics more accessible to patients, but at the same time points to the potential exclusivity of imported drugs with patented technologies. In general, the availability of antiarrhythmic drugs on the market is deteriorating due to a combination of factors: the disappearance of certain trade names and rapid price growth, which can complicate the therapy of cardiac arrhythmias, especially in the context of the introduction of new regulations and requires monitoring to ensure a balance between pricing policy and the availability of innovative forms. The availability of antiarrhythmic drugs has significantly deteriorated. Average retail price growth between August 2024 and August 2025 was 69%, well above overall inflation in the pharmaceutical market, creating a financial barrier for patients. It is necessary to conduct further monitoring of the physical availability of drugs in pharmacies in different regions to ensure their uninterrupted supply in all regions of the country. Ukrainian generic drugs remain the most affordable for patients. The solvency adequacy ratio for domestic generics, such as Metoprolol tartrate and Aritmil, solution for injection, is less than 0.5%, which makes them much more affordable compared to imported original drugs, whose ratio can exceed 2%. State bodies and pharmaceutical companies should stimulate the production of domestic generic drugs.
The fruits of Styphnolobium japonicum L. are characterized by pronounced antioxidant, capillary-strengthening, angioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties; however, current data on their chemical composition remain fragmentary and require clarification using highly sensitive analytical methods. In this context, an in-depth study of the polyphenolic profile of S. japonicum fruits and the optimization of conditions for extracting target compounds are particularly relevant. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for extracting phenolic compounds from Styphnolobium japonicum L. fruits, as well as to perform their identification and quantitative assessment using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The objects of the study were the fruits of S. japonicum. The extraction process was optimized in a Soxhlet apparatus using aqueous-ethanol mixtures of varying concentrations and different solvent-to-solid ratios. The quantitative content of phenolic compounds was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The composition of the extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of the study showed that the most effective extraction of phenolic compounds was achieved using a 70% aqueous-ethanol mixture at a solvent-to-solid ratio of 1:10 in the Soxhlet apparatus for 6 hours. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of various groups of phenolic compounds in the extract, with a total content of 56,958.21 µg/mL. Among the phenols studied, flavonols were predominant, including rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Isoflavones also constituted a significant portion of the extract, represented by genistein glycosides, sophoricoside, genistein, and daidzein glycosides. Smaller amounts of catechin, catechin-like compounds, caffeic acid, and naringenin were also detected. At the same time, several potential phenolic components in the studied sample were not identified. The obtained results indicate a high level of polyphenolic accumulation in S. japonicum fruits, which underlies their considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and highlights their promise for the development of phytopharmaceuticals. The established phenolic profile expands the understanding of the chemical composition of the raw material and provides a scientific basis for its standardization.
Серцево-судинні захворювання визнано основною причиною смерті у світі. З цього випливає, що їх попередження та менеджмент, зменшення кардіоваскулярних ризиків було визнано глобальним пріоритетним напрямом у сфері охорони здоров’я в більшості країн світу. У 2019 році було зафіксовано 17,9 мільйона смертей від серцево-судинних захворювань, що становить 32% від усіх смертей у світі. Окрім того, 85% цих смертей були спричинені серцевим нападом й інсультом, причому дві третини – у пацієнтів віком понад 70 років. Метою дослідження було проаналізувати особливості проактивного фармаконагляду у пацієнтів похилого віку в контексті мінімізації ризиків фармакотерапії серцево-судинних захворювань із використанням критеріїв STOPP/START. У роботі використано загальнотеоретичні наукові методи. Автори вдавалися до бібліографічного методу для аналізу наукових джерел за темою, до методу інформаційного синтезу для викладення власних ідей і тверджень стосовно напряму дослідження, а також до методу узагальнення для формування та висвітлення висновків, одержаних у ході опрацювання відповідної тематики. Застосування критеріїв STOPP/START у фармакотерапії серцево-судинних захворювань у пацієнтів похилого віку є клінічно доцільним і науково обґрунтованим підходом до оптимізації медикаментозного лікування. Актуальна версія критеріїв (STOPP/START v3) була розроблена та валідована міжнародною експертною групою на основі систематичного аналізу доказової бази й спрямована на зменшення потенційно невідповідних призначень і пропусків необхідної терапії в осіб літнього віку, особливо за умов мультиморбідності та поліпрагмазії. Кардіологічний розділ STOPP/START охоплює ключові клінічні ситуації, характерні для пацієнтів похилого віку, і дає змогу одночасно виявляти небезпечні або малоефективні лікарські засоби та ідентифікувати обґрунтовані, але не призначені препарати базисної серцево-судинної терапії. Дані клінічних аудитів і спостережних досліджень свідчать, що дотримання критеріїв STOPP/START у кардіологічній практиці залишається недостатнім, особливо щодо START-критеріїв, що підкреслює проблему недопризначення ефективних препаратів у пацієнтів похилого віку. Висновок – інтеграція критеріїв STOPP/START у рутинну клінічну практику сприяє підвищенню безпеки та якості фармакотерапії серцево-судинних захворювань у пацієнтів похилого віку. Водночас ці критерії слід розглядати як допоміжний інструмент клінічного рішення, який має застосовуватися з урахуванням індивідуального стану пацієнта, функціональних резервів та прогнозу, а не як жорсткий алгоритм призначень.
The biology of aging is one of the most intensively studied areas of modern biomedicine, since age-related changes underlie the development of most chronic non-infectious diseases. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a non-histone nuclear protein with pronounced pleiotropic activity, plays an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, response to damage, and inflammatory processes. The aims of this review is to summarize and systematize current scientific data on the molecular mechanisms of HMGB1 involvement in biological aging and the development of age-related pathological conditions. Materials and methods. We analyzed and summarized the results of experimental and clinical studies presented in professional scientific publications using the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed bibliographic databases. Particular attention was paid to studies devoted to the role of HMGB1 in cellular senescence, aging, and intercellular signaling. It has been shown that HMGB1 participates in the realization of key signs of aging, in particular genomic instability, epigenetic changes, cellular senescence, chronic sterile inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, disruption of intercellular communication, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The dual biological activity of HMGB1 determines its protective role in the cell nucleus and pro-inflammatory effect in the extracellular environment. The accumulation of extracellular HMGB1 is associated with the progression of age-related diseases and the formation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. HMGB1 is a key molecular regulator of aging processes, combining intracellular mechanisms for maintaining genomic stability with intercellular pro-inflammatory signaling. Further study of this protein opens up prospects for the use of HMGB1 as a biomarker of biological age and a pharmacological target for slowing age-related changes.
1,2,4-Triazole derivatives are of considerable interest in pharmaceutical chemistry due to their broad spectrum of biological activity and favourable safety profile. Among them, 4-R-5-phenethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones attract attention as promising scaffolds for the development of new pharmacologically active agents. In previous studies, these compounds demonstrated diverse biological effects, which justifies the need to assess their pharmacokinetic suitability for further pharmaceutical development. The aim of this work was to determine the prospects of the most active 4-R-5-phenethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives as potential active pharmaceutical ingredients based on the evaluation of their physicochemical characteristics, biological activity, and predicted parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The study employed available biological activity data of the synthesized compounds and computational modelling tools, including the SwissADME platform. The assessment involved lipophilicity, polar surface area, aqueous solubility, membrane permeability, interaction with efflux transporters and CYP450 enzymes, compliance with major drug-likeness rules, and synthetic accessibility. Analytical, comparative, and systematization methods were applied. The results showed that all investigated compounds exhibit high gastrointestinal absorption and satisfactory solubility, do not violate key drug-likeness criteria, and demonstrate acceptable synthetic accessibility values. Compounds 4–6 possess predicted ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, whereas compounds 2 and 3 are characterized by favourable metabolic profiles. Based on the combination of pharmacological and predicted pharmacokinetic properties, compound 6 was identified as the most promising candidate for further preclinical studies, while compounds 4, 5, and 3 may also be considered as potential leads. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of further preclinical investigation of the studied 4-R-5-phenethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives and support their consideration as potential active pharmaceutical ingredients with broad opportunities for pharmacological optimization.
Wounds of various etiologies remain a significant medical and social problem worldwide, particularly under conditions of martial law. Topical foams are an effective drug delivery system for enhancing wound healing and treatment; however, the development of stable aerosol formulations containing doxycycline requires a thorough understanding of the relationships between the properties of active and excipient materials and the critical process parameters that determine product stability and quality. This study aims to establish a control strategy for the development of the formulation and manufacturing process of a topical wound-healing foam containing doxycycline hyclate and dexpanthenol, ensuring the quality of the medicinal product in accordance with the Quality by Design (QbD) approach. The Quality Target Product Profile was developed based on ICH guidelines, literature data, and previous in-house studies. Critical Quality Attributes were identified and evaluated using Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis. Critical Material Attributes and Critical Process Parameters were determined through the analysis of process parameters and material quality indicators. Risk analysis was visualized using an Ishikawa diagram. Key Quality Target Product Profile elements included the route of administration, dose, pharmacological activity, consumer properties, packaging system, and the quality and stability of the topical foam. The most critical quality attributes were microbiological purity, the quantitative content of doxycycline and dexpanthenol, foam stability, and aerosol container integrity. Critical process parameters were identified as doxycycline stabilization conditions (temperature, mixing time, and stirring speed), solution viscosity, filtration, dosing of concentrate and propellant, container sealing, and internal pressure, while the filling and sealing stages required continuous monitoring. The results confirm the feasibility of applying a Quality by Design approach in the development of the topical foam composition and manufacturing process. The proposed control strategy ensures consistent product quality throughout its lifecycle by managing process parameters rather than relying solely on end-product testing.
The technology of cosmetic spicules for the correction of age-related skin changes is an innovative solution to the problem of skin aging. The mechanism of action of spicules is dual: enhancement of transdermal delivery of active ingredients (antioxidant, moisturizing, etc.) and microdamage that triggers regenerative processes. The aim of the study was the scientific substantiation of the composition of an innovative anti-aging gel based on the dual mechanism of action of hydrolyzed sponge spicules and the evaluation of its quality and safety indicators. Studies of organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) were carried out according to DSTU 2207.1-93. Measurement of the rheological parameters of the gel was performed using a Brookfield Model DV-III rheometer (Brookfield, United Kingdom). Determination of colloidal, mechanical, and thermal stability was carried out in accordance with DSTU ISO/TR 18811:2019. The structural characteristics of spicules were studied by light optical microscopy. Preservative efficacy was evaluated using a Challenge Test in accordance with the requirements of DSTU EN ISO 11930:2016. Based on the conducted studies, an innovative cosmetic gel was developed, representing a balanced synergistic complex in which the action of anti-aging ingredients is supported by moisturizing and soothing components that accelerate regeneration processes after skin microtraumatization. It was experimentally proven that the gel form is the optimal carrier for a spicule-containing product. Rheological studies confirm the ability of the gel to thin during application and instantly restore viscosity at rest, which constitutes satisfactory consumer characteristics. The results of accelerated testing demonstrated high physicochemical stability of the developed system over an equivalent shelf-life period. Morphometric analysis showed that spicule diameters follow a normal distribution with a mean value of 17.175 μm and moderate variability. The vast majority of spicules are characterized by a typical acicular shape and stable dimensional parameters, indicating the homogeneity of the studied material. The results of antimicrobial protection testing using the Challenge Test confirm the reliability of the selected preservatives, which ensure microbiological safety of the product throughout the period of use and allow prediction of a stable shelf life of the gel. Based on comprehensive studies, the developed innovative anti-aging gel with spicules, the concept of which is based on the principle of enhanced transdermal delivery of active components, demonstrated satisfactory quality and safety indicators.
