Aim: To determine the mineral composition of enamel and dentin of temporary and permanent teeth of children in the mountain zone of the Transcarpathian region and to conduct a comparative analysis of the obtained indicators. Materials and Methods: 25 temporary and 25 permanent teeth were subjected to research. The conditions of selection were the absence of carious lesions. The study was carried out by the method of raster electron spectrometry. Results: In children who permanently live in the mountainous geographical zone of the Transcarpathian region, the mineral composition of enamel and dentin was determined by spectrometry and the following probable differences were established: the carbon content in the enamel of temporary teeth is probably higher compared to the content in the enamel of permanent teeth and in dentin; the content of oxygen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium and chlorine in permanent teeth is probably lower in relation to the content in permanent teeth in enamel and dentin (p<0.05). Conclusions: The accumulation of chemical elements in the teeth is considered a good indicator of qualitative changes in the diet and water supply of the population. The peculiarities of the mineral composition of the hard tissues of the temporary teeth of children who have lived for a long time in the mountainous zone of the Transcarpathian region, namely the presence of sulfur, confirm the fact that the hard tissues of the teeth, especially the temporary ones, are a detector of the state of the ecological environment.
Benign esophagus tumors are lesions rarely found in the general population. Leiomyomas, the most common of them, arise from the submucosal muscularis propria of the esophagus. They remain asymptomatic for a long time. The lack of typical symptoms, the non-specific abdominal complaints, and the very rare occurrence of these tumors in the population lead to diagnostic failures. This article describes a case of 41-year-old female patient diagnosed with a round lesion found in the chest X-ray. The CT scan revealed a large esophageal hiatal hernia extending to the left ventricular wall. She was qualified for surgical treatment. During the preparation of the abdominal part of the esophagus, a solid tumor, covering half of the esophageal circumference, was found in its wall. The neoplasm was resected. The histopathological examination revealed Leiomyoma. To summarize: benign esophageal tumors are lesions that can cause many diagnostic challenges in routine medical practice. In addition, they may not be visible in imaging studies, especially when located circumferentially or intramurally. In clinical practice, non-specific symptoms affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract are frequently encountered. These symptoms are typically caused by common and non-serious underlying conditions. The objective of this article is to highlight the rare causes of these symptoms, with the aim of reducing the risk of misdiagnosis in the future.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: The aim is to study the impact of extreme conditions of service activities of varying intensity during martial law on the dynamics of indicators of the functional and psycho-emotional state of law enforcement officers. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The research, which was conducted in 2022-2024, involved 227 male police officers with different service experience (up to 3 years n=52, 4-5 years n=59, 6-10 years n=56, over 10 years n=60). Indicators of the functional and psycho-emotional state of law enforcement officers were assessed before and after their tours of duty of different duration (3 and 6 months) to the combat zone using the following indicators: body mass index (BMI), vital index (VI), double product index (DPI), emotional state index (ESI), psychological state index (PSI). RESULTS:Results: The deterioration of indicators of the functional and psycho-emotional state of law enforcement officers with different professional experiences during tours of duty of different durations (intensity) was revealed. The difference between the BMI indicators before and after a tour of duty lasting 3 and 6 months is 0.34-0.93 and 1.09-1.61 kg/m2, VI indicators 1.63-2.49 and 2.27-2.84 ml/kg, DPI indicators 2.26-2.94 and 3.07-3.42 c.u., ESI indicators 0.78-0.59 and 1.16- 0.93 points, DPI indicators 2.26-2.94 and 3.07-3.42 c.u., PSI indicators 13.50-9.94 and 18.16-13.09 points, respectively. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: It was found that the longer the duration of the tour of duty, the more pronounced negative changes occurred in the studied indicators. The negative impact of extreme conditions of service activities on the dynamics of indicators of the functional and psycho-emotional state of law enforcement officers was proved.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To explore the influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, on the development and persistence of chronic pain in adulthood. The review emphasizes psychopathogenetic and biopsychosocial mechanisms that mediate the relationship between early trauma and chronic pain syndromes. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: This narrative review synthesizes data from 42 peer-reviewed clinical and experimental studies published between 1998 and 2025. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink using keywords such as "childhood trauma," "chronic pain," "neurobiology of pain," and "central sensitization." Inclusion criteria focused on full-text articles addressing neuroendocrine, emotional, and behavioral consequences of ACEs. Special attention was given to mechanisms involving chronic stress, emotional dysregulation, altered pain perception, and maladaptive coping strategies. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: ACEs are significant contributors to the psychopathogenesis of chronic pain. They disrupt neurobiological regulation, intensify emotional vulnerability, and alter pain processing pathways. The biopsychosocial model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these interactions. Trauma-informed care and targeted education - centered on emotional awareness and conscious pain regulation - are essential for improving treatment outcomes and promoting holistic recovery. Recognizing the long-term impact of ACEs is vital for developing effective rehabilitation strategies and empowering affected individuals.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To evaluate the cost-benefit of mobile dental clinics as a strategy to improve access to dental care in Ukraine's remote rural areas. This review quantifies anticipated costs for equipment and operations against the benefits of expanded service coverage, improved oral health outcomes, and cost savings from prevention. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using secondary data from scientific literature and national health reports. Searches were performed in PubMed (Medline) and Scopus for publications from 2010 to 2025, with emphasis on the most recent data. Keywords included "mobile dental clinic cost analysis," "rural dental care Ukraine," "dental clinic access disparities," and "mobile health cost-benefit." Approximately 60 publications were retrieved; after screening for relevance and quality, 14 key sources were included in the analysis. International case studies and Ukrainian health statistics were compared to evaluate the costs and outcomes of mobile dental units versus fixed dental clinics. No new clinical research was conducted. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: Mobile dental clinics are a feasible and cost-effective strategy to reduce urban-rural disparities in oral health. They bring essential care to isolated populations, improve quality of life, and are justified by projected health gains and cost savings. Pilot deployment of mobile dental clinics in high-need areas, integrated with existing referral networks, is recommended as a sustainable approach to improve oral healthcare access in Ukraine.
Autoimmune encephalitis associated with anti-LGI1 antibodies (ang. leucine-rich glioma- inactivated 1) is one of the most common forms of limbic encephalitis. The aim of this paper was to present two cases of this disease with different clinical course and prognosis. We described the medical history of a 64-year-old man and a 75-year-old woman in whom the presence of anti-LGI1 antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid was detected. Both patients had typical facial-brachial dystonic seizures, memory impairment and hyponatremia. In the first case, in the early phase of the disease, MRI showed bilateral changes in the temporal lobes (mainly in the hippocampi), while in the second case, neuroimaging did not show typical changes for autoimmune encephalitis - vascular and atrophic changes dominated. In the first case, combined therapy (steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins) was used and significant improvement was achieved. In the second case, only intravenous immunoglobulins were used. Differential diagnosis of rapidly progressing neurological disorders should include autoimmune encephalitis. One of the forms of this disease is autoimmune encephalitis with the presence of anti-LGI1 antibodies, which should always be suspected in patients with dystonic facial-brachial seizures and memory disorders, especially with concomitant hyponatremia. Determination of antineuronal antibodies should be a standard procedure in such cases. Fast and accurate diagnosis allows for the initiation of effective treatment. Oncological vigilance should also be maintained - in some patients the presence of cancer is detected.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: The analysis of current data on the epidemiology of pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PES) and risk factors for its development, determination of the possibility of early detection of PES through screening to prevent the development of glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The literature review was carried out using publications indexed in the scientometric databases PubMed and Scopus. A structured search was performed with the use of relevant keywords and their logical combinations, including: prevalence, morbidity, complications, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, vision loss, blindness, risk factors, intraocular pressure, prevention, early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, screening, and others. The review is primarily based on recent studies; however, a significant proportion of earlier publications (dating back to 1997) was deliberately included to provide a historical perspective and to highlight the evolution of scientific knowledge in this field. Totally, 44 sources were analyzed. The analysis employed formal-logical and systemic-complex methods, ensuring a comprehensive and critical synthesis of the available evidence. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: Early diagnosis of PES is necessary to prevent the development and progression of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, which leads to blindness. Therefore, the development of a screening algorithm and its implementation for at-risk patients - people over 50 years old - is relevant. For patients diagnosed with PES, it is important to regularly visit an ophthalmologist to monitor the possible development of glaucoma.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: The current study designed to evaluate the abnormal expression prevalence of Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers in Iraqi patients diagnosed with AL at the Medical City Hospitals. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: A total of 175 newly diagnosed leukemia patients (110 males and 65 females) aged between 1 and 85 years were included. Bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry were used to analyze CD marker expression. Data on hematological parameters, immunophenotypic profiles, and demographic characteristics were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Results: The present study identified aberrant expression of CD markers, including CD13, CD19, CD33, CD34, CD117, CD56, CD5, TdT, HLA-DR, and CD79a, across different leukemia subtypes. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the most prevalent subtype (46.2%), followed by B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) (26.2%) and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) (8.5%). CD34 was highly expressed in AML, B-ALL, and T-ALL cases, while CD13 and CD33 were predominantly expressed in AML. CD56 and CD117 were associated with multiple myeloma (MM). CONCLUSION:Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high ratio of abnormal CD marker expression in AL cases, aligning previous data from various area around the world. Identifying aberrant antigen expression patterns through immunophenotyping aids in diagnosing leukemia and distinguishing neoplastic cells from normal hematopoietic precursors.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To analyze the significance of modern computer technologies within the value systems of teachers and students at medical universities. Through expert assessments, it explores the advantages and risks associated with artificial intelligence. Special attention is given to the impact of the ongoing war on the value orientations of future doctors and the organization of professional training under new conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The research employed modern methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparison, alongside expert assessments and creative essays. It also drew upon the experience of Ukrainian and Polish colleagues in creatively integrating AI into the educational process, particularly in training future doctors for effective patient communication during anamnesis-taking and for understanding the risks of iatrogenesis. To achieve the research goals, a digital information search was conducted using the scientometric database Scopus. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: In the face of new challenges, there is an increasing need to examine the dynamics of professional self-development, motivation, and the value systems of future doctors. Given the innovative nature of AI, its potential applications in medicine, its significant benefits, and its possible risks, it is essential to study this issue in depth and systematically prepare medical students for the rational use of modern information technologies. The importance of international collaboration, comparative research, and the practical implementation of the Club of Rome's recommendations on integral thinking continues to grow.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To determine the dynamics of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in blood serum under conditions of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), and skeletal trauma (ST), complicated by acute blood loss, after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: Under thiopental sodium anesthesia, male Wistar line rats were subjected to modeled TBI, BAT, and ST. In separate groups, acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight was additionally modeled. The content of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum was determined after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period. RESULTS:Results: Experimental traumas of various localizations were accompanied by a pronounced systemic pro-inflammatory reaction, manifested by a significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The maximum of disturbances was observed in the early post-traumatic period, followed by a decrease, which only reached the control level in the case of TBI and ST. In conditions of BAT, the indicators were significantly higher compared to other localized traumas. When the modeled mechanical traumas of various localizations were complicated by acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight, the disturbances in the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the blood serum became greater. The TNF-α content in all experimental groups increased up to the 7-th day, remained at the same level up to day 14, and then decreased. The IL-1β content in blood serum reached its maximum as early as 1 day of the posttraumatic period and then decreased, but both indicators did not reach the control level by the 28-th day. In conditions of BAT, the indicator was significantly higher after 3-21 days of the post-traumatic period compared to other experimental groups. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: Mechanical traumas of various localizations significantly differ in the nature of the manifestations of the systemic inflammatory reaction and react differently when complicated by acute blood loss. The greatest increase in the serum content of TNF-α and IL-1β is noted in conditions of blunt abdominal trauma.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To detect anti-measles viruses IgG and IgM antibodies using rapid test Cassette and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: From October 2024 to December 2024, 352 blood samples obtained from female individuals, including 176 women who had abortions and 176 women with normal pregnancies. IgG and IgM samples were detected using the Cassette and ELISA methods. RESULTS:Results: Recent measles virus infections, as indicated by rapid IgM test results, showed no significant difference between the abortion group and the control group p=0.248. Additionally, past infections, confirmed by rapid IgG tests, were not significantly different between the patient group and the control group p=0.135. Overall, there was no significant difference in measles virus IgM and IgG levels between the abortion and control groups p>0.05. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: The level of education showed significant impact on abortion. Age, residency, and occupation do not affect the risk of abortion, while a low level of education is a significant risk factor for abortion. MV, there was no significant difference in the levels of IgM and IgG between the abortion group and the control group.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To investigate the morphology of the rat diaphragmatic pedicles in the normal state and to evaluate the changes that occur under modelled carboxyperitoneum of different durations. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on sexually mature rats of the reproductive period, housed in an accredited vivarium. The animals were divided into six groups: intact, control, and four main groups. In the main groups, carboxyperitoneum at standard pressure was modelled for one, three, and five hours. RESULTS:Results: The study of microdissections revealed the destruction of the basal membranes of muscle fibres, which, upon histological examination, appeared as a continuous, heterogeneous, structureless mass. The mass also contained single or grouped preserved pyknotic nuclei and macrophages. The muscle fibres were deformed and fragmented in large areas, and transverse striations were absent. The myofibrils were uncoiled and partially lysed or coagulated, acquiring an intense homogeneous eosinophilic colour. The nuclei in the areas of fibre lysis were absent. The capillaries present in the endomysium were full-blooded, while the arterioles in the perimysium contained plasma or a small number of erythrocytes. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: The assessment of the intensity of the noted changes in the experimental groups with varying durations of carboxyperitoneum revealed a direct correlation between the observed histological changes and the duration of pneumoperitoneum, with notable implications for the morphology of the right and left crus of diaphragm.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To monitor peripheral hemodynamics in the upper and lower extremities of wrestlers practicing different wrestling styles to control adaptive changes in the body after a cycle of interval hypoxic training with intense physical activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The athletes trained intensively in a hypoxic chamber for 21 days, 2 hours a day. We monitored their ECG, heart rate, and central and peripheral hemodynamic parameters. The results obtained were processed using traditional methods of variation statistics in the Microsoft program Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, DC, USA). The arithmetic means, and the deviations (M + SE) were calculated as %. The significance of the difference in means was assessed using the Fisher and Student t-test. RESULTS:Results: Hypoxic training with varied loads using simulators and sparring resulted in the positive physiological adaptation of athletes. Interval hypoxic training for 120 minutes with an intense load and normoxic breaks at an O2 concentration of 14.2% to 12% effectively improved the hemodynamics of wrestlers. The changes affected all studied parameters of the cardiovascular system. Vascular reactions during muscular work were aimed at hydrodynamic optimization of the circulatory system. Complex changes in blood flow and elastic-viscous properties of blood vessels worked to optimize heart function during physical exercise. Higher elastic resistance of large arteries provided the necessary increase in blood flow rate in large, medium, and small arteries and veins. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: These results justify using interval hypoxic training with physical activity to increase the functionality of the cardiovascular system, peripheral hemodynamics, and microvasculature in the body of athletes. Based on the above, we could recommend an intense hypoxic training cycle with physical activity in 24 120-minute workouts with a protein and vitamin food supplement to increase the wrestlers' cardiovascular system functional capacity.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: The aim for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet in diagnosing diseases from clinical case descriptions presented in various languages. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The study used 50 clinical case descriptions provided by both LLMs in three languages - English, Arabic and Ukrainian. Diagnostic results were assessed by a panel of clinicians according to standard criteria, and statistical methods were employed to determine the significance of the difference between the obtained indicators. RESULTS:Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy for ChatGPT-4o was 62.00%±15.62%, with performance significantly differing by language: 72.00%±10.00% in English, 44.00%±12.00% in Arabic, and 70.00%±9.00% in Ukrainian. A similar pattern was observed in Claude 3.5 Sonnet, which had a mean accuracy of 60.67%±14.50%. Both models performed significantly worse in Arabic compared to English and Ukrainian (p<0.05). Both models showed reduced, but significant, accuracy for cases published in 2024-2025 vs. 2023 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Conclusions: No significant differences in diagnostic accuracy were found between the LLMs; rather, the discrepancies were primarily related to the languages used. In multilingual healthcare settings, such as those involving Arabic, various underlying factors-particularly language complexity, cultural context, and the type of clinical cases-affect their performance. Further research is essential to improve the capabilities of LLMs, ensuring equitable healthcare access for diverse linguistically representative populations.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To investigate the connection between a woman's history of DV, encompassing the perinatal period, and the development of postpartum PTSD within high-risk populations: EMCS and Assisted Vaginal Deliveries (AVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: A sample of 125 mothers who gave birth with emergency cesarean section and elective assisted vaginal delivery in two Greek hospitals have consented to participate in the two phases of the survey, in the 2nd day postpartum and a follow-up in the 6th week postpartum. Socio-demographic data and PCL-5 for DSM-5 were used to diagnose PTSD and PTSD Profile. Of the 125 mothers who consented to participate in the study, 113 replied to the follow-up in the sixth week after birth. RESULTS:Results: The results show that, from the total sample, 73.5% (n=83) delivered by emergency cesarean section, while 26.5% (n=30) delivered through assisted vaginal delivery. Also, a statistically significant dependence was found between the presence of Domestic Violence during pregnancy and postpartum PTSD (χ2=22.014, p <0.001) and between the presence of Domestic Violence during pregnancy and postpartum profile PTSD (χ2=26.635, p<0.001). CONCLUSION:Conclusions: This survey shows a high prevalence rate of PTSD in victims of domestic violence after a traumatic birth experience. The findings also emphasize the critical need for psychological support for women with a history of domestic violence, particularly during childbirth, to minimize the likelihood of mental health traumas.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: The aim is to investigate the peculiarities of psychological trauma manifestation in police officers-combatants with different combat experience and to substantiate recommendations for their psychological rehabilitation based on the Gestalt approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The research, conducted in 2023-2024, involved 69 male police officers-combatants with different combat experience: up to 1 year (Group A, n = 33) and more than 1 year (Group B, n = 36). Research methods: analysis and generalization, psycho-diagnostic, mathematical statistics. RESULTS:Results: It has been found that armed conflict participants with more combat experience had more pronounced symptoms of PTSD; the difference between the indicators of Groups A and B is significant (p ≤ 0.05). It has been found that the dominant type of response to a traumatic event in both groups of combatants is the protective mechanism of physiological arousal (63.6 % in Group A and 66.7 % in Group B). Practical recommendations for the psychological rehabilitation of combatants who suffered psychological trauma using Gestalt therapy have been proposed. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: It has been found that the Gestalt approach allows solving the following tasks of working with psychological trauma: to help combatants realize and respond to traumatic experiences, to overcome existing traumas, to increase the adequacy of self-perception and self-esteem, to reduce anxiety, tension, emotional instability, and self-doubt in difficult life situations.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: to assess the functionality of mHealth apps with a Ukrainian interface and their compliance with personal data processing requirements. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Matherials and Methods: we employed methods such as Overview, Data Retrieval and Analysis. The study is also based on overviewing and analyzing data of 40 mHealth apps. RESULTS:Results: a study of 40 Ukrainian-language mHealth apps was conducted: 27.5% work only on Android, 72.5% on Android and iOS. There were identified 24 functions, among which the most common are arranging an appointment with a doctor (in 17 apps), online doctor consultation (in 12 apps), searching and reserving medicines (in 12 apps). Only 20 apps have a privacy policy, but most do not provide sufficient details on data processing. Only 9 apps have requirements for user data deletion, and 12 have mechanisms for withdrawing consent to data processing. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: as a result of the study, there were detected risks for users of mHealth apps due to insufficient transparency of privacy policies, the lack of precise mechanisms for transferring personal data to third parties, withdrawal of personal data processing consent, and data deletion requirements.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: to evaluate potential role of sclerostin in pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, especially in relation to bone and thyroid metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with participation of 66 women suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and 34 healthy controls. Measurements and results obtained were for serum levels of sclerostin, osteocalcin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone by using ELISA technique. RESULTS:Results: Mean serum sclerostin levels were significantly elevated in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome group 12.5 ng/mL±4.8 compared to controls 4.8 ng/mL±2.4 with t-value having been recorded as 9.02 and P=0.000. Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome showed significantly lower serum osteocalcin levels (3.7±1.2 ng/mL vs. 5.2±2.2 ng/mL, P=0.000) and higher TSH levels (6.3±1.3 μIU/mL vs. 3.4±0.8 μIU/mL, P=0.000). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between osteocalcin and sclerostin (r=-0.458, P=0.039). ROC analysis of sclerostin exhibited a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 62% which can be interpreted as moderate in terms of diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: Findings highlight that sclerostin is much raised in women with PCOS and could well be a useful biomarker of the syndrome's effects on bone and thyroid metabolism. Its moderate diagnostic performance however, further researches on its role in the pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are needed.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: Evaluataion of the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the Medicine GPT model in identifying and managing rare diseases in the emergency department. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 100 published rare case reports retrieved from PubMed. Cases were selected based on three common complaints: chest pain (n = 50), abdominal pain (n = 30), and shortness of breath (n = 20). Each case's clinical presentation was input into Medicine GPT, which then generated a leading diagnosis. The primary outcome was the proportion of correct diagnoses. Cohen's Kappa (κ) was calculated to determine inter-rater reliability. Diagnostic accuracy varied by symptom category: chest pain (92%, κ = 0.84), abdominal pain (87%, κ = 0.81), and shortness of breath (90%, κ = 0.875). Based on full clinical presentations, overall diagnostic agreement reached 90% (κ = 0.84), indicating substantial to almost perfect consistency. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: Medicine GPT demonstrated substantial diagnostic accuracy for rare emergency department presentations, indicating potential to enhance clinical decision-making. It may serve as a foundation for refining future AI models in real-world settings, but always should remain only as an assistive tool for professional clinical judgment.
OBJECTIVE:Aim: To determine the mineral composition of enamel and dentin of temporary and permanent teeth of children in the mountain zone of the Transcarpathian region and to conduct a comparative analysis of the obtained indicators. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: 25 temporary and 25 permanent teeth were subjected to research. The conditions of selection were the absence of carious lesions. The study was carried out by the method of raster electron spectrometry. RESULTS:Results: In children who permanently live in the mountainous geographical zone of the Transcarpathian region, the mineral composition of enamel and dentin was determined by spectrometry and the following probable differences were established: the carbon content in the enamel of temporary teeth is probably higher compared to the content in the enamel of permanent teeth and in dentin; the content of oxygen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium and chlorine in permanent teeth is probably lower in relation to the content in permanent teeth in enamel and dentin (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:Conclusions: The accumulation of chemical elements in the teeth is considered a good indicator of qualitative changes in the diet and water supply of the population. The peculiarities of the mineral composition of the hard tissues of the temporary teeth of children who have lived for a long time in the mountainous zone of the Transcarpathian region, namely the presence of sulfur, confirm the fact that the hard tissues of the teeth, especially the temporary ones, are a detector of the state of the ecological environment.
