The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) assesses Physical Activity (PA) levels of older people, providing information on the frequency, duration, and intensity. AIMS:To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the PASE for the Portuguese population. METHODS:Translation and cross-cultural adaptation for the Portuguese population of the PASE, according to the Report of ISPOR Translation and Cultural Adaptation guidelines and metric validation was evaluated using the analysis of reliability and validity. RESULTS:The PASE-PT is a reliable and valid instrument to assess PA levels among the Portuguese population, with excellent test-retest reliability in the various domains and in total, with an ICC between 0.938 and 1.00, an acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of α = 0.695, and ω de McDonald was 0.63 and is significantly related to TUG (r = -0.303) and accelerometer AF levels (r = 0.416). CONCLUSIONS:The PASE-PT is an instrument that can be used in clinical practice and in research studies involving the older population.
Background:Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a prevalent pediatric condition that may affect children's health due to its association with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB). This can negatively affect sleep quality, daytime behavior, neurocognitive development, and growth. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of adenotonsillectomy on children's sleep habits and behavior. A secondary objective was to explore differences in outcomes between children undergoing surgery for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) versus those with OSDB. Methods:A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024, enrolling 28 children aged 2-10 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Sleep and behavioral changes were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively (3-6 months) using the validated Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-adapted Portuguese version and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Portuguese version. Paired samples t-tests and general linear models were used for statistical analysis. Results:Significant improvements were observed in several sleep parameters: sleep duration, parasomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, daytime sleepiness, and the total sleep disturbance index (P < 0.001 for all). In the behavioral domain, hyperactivity was the only subscale to show statistically significant improvement (P = 0.028). Surgical indication (OSDB vs. recurrent URTIs) did not significantly influence most outcomes, except for sleep-related breathing disorders, where greater improvement was noted in the OSDB group, as expected. Conclusion:Adenotonsillectomy positively affects multiple dimensions of sleep, particularly reducing parasomnia episodes and hyperactivity symptoms, regardless of surgical indication. These findings underscore the importance of early recognition and management of pediatric adenotonsillar disorders to promote healthy sleep, improved daytime functioning, and long-term psychosocial development.
Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), implicated in infertility and unfavorable outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART), is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder among women of reproductive age. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the impact of ATD on infertility and ART outcomes, with a particular focus on screening and therapeutic options. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) frequently coexists with ATD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) thresholds for SCH treatment in fertility range from 2.5 to 4.0 mIU/L, causing inconsistencies in clinical management. Although levothyroxine is widely recommended for TSH >4.0 mIU/L, benefits for lower thresholds remain controversial. Immunomodulatory therapies, such as glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin, have uncertain efficacy in improving ART outcomes. This review highlights the pressing need for standardized diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions to optimize fertility outcomes in ATD-positive women, particularly with SCH.
