Abstract Pakṣāghāta , described in Āyurveda as a severe neurological disorder caused primarily by Vāta Prakopa , closely resembles cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) in modern medicine, including both ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes. Vāta vitiation may occur due to Āghāta (trauma), faulty Āhāra-Vihāra (diet and lifestyle), and Rakta-Duṣṭi (vitiation of blood). Further study is required to figure out how Rakta Duṣṭi contributes to the etiopathogenesis of Pakṣāghāta . To evaluate the contribution of Rakta Duṣṭi in Pakṣāghāta by assessing its association with haematological parameters, specifically red blood cell (RBC) indices and platelet indices. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using references from the Bṛhattrayī and their classical commentaries, along with modern medical literature on cerebrovascular pathology. The study examined the conceptual correlation between Pakṣāghāta and Rakta Duṣṭi , and analysed the relevance of red cell and platelet indices in understanding the pathogenesis. The review indicates that alterations in RBC and platelet indices reflect underlying Rakta Duṣṭi , which may contribute role in the Samprāpti (pathogenesis) of Pakṣāghāta . Such findings highlight the interplay between Vāta vitiation and Rakta abnormalities, bridging Āyurvedic concepts with modern haematological evidence. Exploring Rakta Duṣṭi through RBC and platelet indices provides deeper insights into the etiopathogenesis of Pakṣāghāta . Understanding Samprāpti Vighaṭana from both Āyurvedic and modern perspectives can aid in preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and integrative management of cerebrovascular accidents.
Abstract Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is a clinical condition resulting from the compression of cervical nerve roots. While modern medicine offers various conservative and surgical interventions, these options may present limitations or potential complications for some patients. A 45-year-old female presented with a 7-year history of neck pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] 6), stiffness, and grade 4/5 muscle power in the right upper limb. The patient was managed with four sittings of Agnikarma and three sittings of Sirāvedha . Adjuvant oral medications included Rāsnā Saptak Kwātha and Eraṇḍamūla Kwātha for 3.5 months, Ashwagandhāriṣṭa and Navajīvana Rasa for 3 weeks, and Kārpasasthyādi Taila orally for 10 months. After a total treatment timeline of 10 months, pain resolved completely (VAS 0) and muscle power improved to grade 5/5. Follow-ups at 6 and 12 months, based on telephonic self-reported history, confirmed no recurrence of symptoms. This case demonstrates that a multimodal Ayurveda approach can effectively manage CSR.
Abstract Background: In India, the incidence of fistula-in-ano was found to be approximately 8.6 per 1 lakh population and male-to-female ratio was 11.8:1. It is considered among Ashtamahagada by Acharya Suśrut, which bespeaks the gravity of this disease with treatment by different means. Materials and Methods: One hundred and six patients of Bhagandaraḥ (fistula in ano) were selected and randomly allocated into two groups using the computerized randomization table. In Group A ( n = 53), patients were treated by fistulotomy with Kṣāra application, whereas in Group B ( n = 53), patients were treated with Kṣārasutra (KS) application. In both groups, adjuvant treatment such as hot sitz bath was advised with 5 L of Panchavalkala Kwatha twice a day. Mātrābasti (60 mL) of Jatyadi Taila was given, once a day after sitz bath in the morning. Varuna Śigru Guggulu Vati 1 g thrice a day was given with lukewarm water after meals till complete cure. In Group A, dressing was done with Kṣāra Plota (gauze dipped in Kṣāra jala ) till the postoperative wound had slough, followed by dressing with gauze socked in normal saline. In Group B, the tract was flushed with Kṣāra jala every day and KS was changed by rail road method every week till the cut through of fistulous tract. Results: The comparison of mean change in pain score from before to after treatment periods showed that there was significant ( P = 0.0001) mean change in pain score in both the groups. At the end of treatment showed that pain was improved in 96.1% patients of Group A and 96% patients of Group B. Discharge was improved in 100% patients of Group A and 96% patients of Group B. Itching was improved in 98.1% patient of Group A and 94% patient of Group B. Conclusion: Fistulotomy and Kṣāra karma was better as compared to KS application in the management of Bhagandaraḥ .
Abstract Introduction: This study is a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the drug Bhallātakādi Taila on Dadru Kuṣṭa . As there is a quote from Caraka Saṃhita “Yogādapi Viṣam Tīkṣṇam Uttamam Bheṣajam Bhavet , Bheṣajam Cāpi Duryuktam Tīkṣṇam Sampadyate Viṣam” which says when a poison is used in a proper dose acts as nectar and medicine is used in an improper dose acts as poison. Present clinical evidence is an example how the poisonous drugs when properly processed and purified have shown the efficacious results. Clinically, we can consider Dadru Kuṣṭa similar to that of dermatophytosis as the manifestations converge. Hence, this clinical study has shown the efficacy of Bhallātakādi Taila in Dadru Kuṣṭa . Objectives: (1) To study the clinical effect of Bhallātakādi Taila in the management of Dadru Kuṣṭa w.s.r. dermatophytosis. (2) To conduct the Pharmaceutico-analytical study of Bhallātakādi Taila . Methods: The study was selected after the approval of institutional ethical committee. This is a single-group clinical trial of 30 subjects conducted in Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Āyurveda College and Hospital, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka. Thirty ( n = 30) patients of either sex diagnosed as Dadru Kuṣṭa were selected for study from outpatient department and the inpatient department. All the patients fitting the inclusion criteria and who can give consent were given Bhallātakādi Taila for external application twice a day for 28 days after the patch test. Results were analyzed before treatment, 7 th , 14 th , 21 st , 28 th , and 35 th day of the course of treatment. Statistical Analysis Used: All data were tabulated, and statistical analysis was done. BT and AT results were analyzed within the group. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by Paired “ t ”- test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The intervention showed highly significant and statistically significant results with “ P ” <<0.0011. Overall assessment showed complete relief in seven patients and marked relief in 23 patients. Conclusions: Bhallātakādi Taila has shown statistically significant results, in reduction of clinical features of Dadru Kuṣṭa .
Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a global health concern, with P-selectin emerging as a crucial player in their intricate pathophysiology. Using a comprehensive ELISA methodology, this study investigates P-selectin levels in 28 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients at different treatment stages. P-selectin, expressed on endothelial cells and activated platelets, plays a pivotal role in thrombotic and inflammatory processes, contributing to atherosclerotic lesions and CAD progression. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected after each therapeutic procedure viz. before ṣnehapana , after ṣnehapana , after Virechana therapy, and after Rasayana therapy. The Human P-Selectin ELISA kit was utilized for quantification. Statistical analyses included paired t -tests, Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test, and Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test. Results: Significant reduction in P-selectin levels were observed after Virechana ( P = 0.0019) and Rasayana therapy. Dunns multiple comparison tests revealed highly significant results ( P < 0.001) after Rasayana therapy, emphasizing its substantial impact. Bonferroni, a multiple comparison test, demonstrated significance ( P < 0.05) after Virechana and overall treatment, highlighting the dynamic responsiveness of P-selectin to interventions. Conclusion: The findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of each intervention in modulating P-selectin levels associated with CAD pathology. Rasayana therapy demonstrated a significant decrease in P-selectin levels, suggesting its potential therapeutic benefit. These results contribute to understanding P-selectin-mediated pathways.
Abstract Rasaśāstra is a specialized branch of Āyurveda that focuses on formulations prepared using metals and minerals as essential ingredients. In the classical literature, four principal types of Rasāyana are described, among which the Kupīpakva Rasāyana holds a prominent place in clinical practice. These formulations are processed in a specially designed glass vessel, subjected to a regulated heating schedule in the Vāluka Yantra . During their preparation, distinct chemical transformations take place, reflecting the advanced understanding of chemistry in ancient India. Among them, Rasa Sindūra is regarded as one of the most renowned formulations and continues to be widely employed in therapeutics. The aim of this study was to prepare Rasa Sindūra , a Kupīpakva Rasāyana , by the classical method and to evaluate the pharmaceutical observations along with the yield obtained. Śuddha Pārada and Śuddha Gandhaka (100 g each) were purified and triturated to prepare Kajjalī , which was levigated with Vātāṅkura Svarasa . One-third of the Kupī was filled and placed in Vāluka Yantra . Heating was applied in three phases – Mṛdu Agni (25–200°C), Madhyama Agni (200–450°C), and Tīvra Agni (450–600°C) – with gradual increase ( Kramāgni ). Classical tests confirmed the stage for corking. After heating, the Kupī was self-cooled ( Svāṅgaśīta ) and the product collected. During the procedure, notable features were observed, including the release of Gandhaka fumes, the appearance of bluish-red flames, and the formation of a gray layer on the copper coin. After breaking the Kupī , about 66 g of bright red Kaṇṭhastha Rasa Sindūra was collected from the neck region of the vessel. The classical Kupīpakva Rasāyana method yielded Rasa Sindūra with characteristic features. Proper Śodhana , Kajjalī preparation, and controlled Kramāgni ensured a stable final product.
Abstract Introduction: Manuscripts are precious historical, scientific, and philosophical information sources. Manuscript studies are the only means through which texts like Bṛhattrayī (Great Triad) and Laghutrayī (Lesser Triad) exist in Āyurveda . However, only about 2% of Ayurveda manuscripts have been published, signifying the importance of preservation and research. The present work is based on the manuscript Dravyaguṇāguṇa by Kavi Trimalla , preserved in Ānandaśrama Library, Pune. It categorizes dietary substances ( Āhāra Dravya Varga ) along with their qualities ( Guṇa ) and drawbacks ( Aguṇa ). Conventional Dravyaguṇāguṇa focuses mainly on medicinal plants. This manuscript uniquely emphasizes dietary classification, making it particularly relevant in lifestyle disorders linked to a poor diet. Methodology: This study aimed to critically analyzed for its structure, classification, and content of the manuscript Dravyaguṇāguṇa regarding Ayurveda principles. Results: The text gives a systematic categorization of Āhāra Dravya , reconfirming diet as the reason for health and longevity. The categorization is in harmony with traditional thought and stresses the deep impact of diet on physical and mental health. Conclusion: Manuscript Dravyaguṇāguṇa is a valuable but unexplored source of nutritional wisdom, connecting ancient understanding of diet with modern health concerns. Preservation and study of such manuscripts are essential for sustaining this knowledge.
Abstract Āyurveda , the traditional Indian system of medicine, has its roots in copious manuscripts that cover therapeutic and diagnostic knowledge. The manuscripts provide clues to new diagnostic ideas, novel therapeutic preparations, and classifications of diseases. To critically review earlier literature studies based on different Āyurveda manuscripts and their contribution to Āyurveda development and progress. The Study conducted a structured search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Shodhganga, DHARA Portal, AYUSH Research Portal, and CCRAS. This research included articles on Āyurveda manuscripts presenting original transliterations, translations, and comparisons to available literature. Review articles on Manuscriptology without critical analysis were excluded. Among 139 articles identified, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies included showed new diagnostic ideas, treatments having uncommon formulations, new classes of diseases, and interpretations that were different from the prevailing classical texts. Examples are the introduction of Siddhānna Varga (prepared dishes), ideas such as Vāyurāja Ṣaṭmāsaḥ , and novel treatments of such diseases as Āma Arśa and Śaṅkhaka -type Śvāsa . Ancient Āyurveda manuscripts contain precious knowledge that can add to existing knowledge and practice in Āyurveda . Further studies and incorporation of the findings may go a long way to enrich the field.
Abstract Ślīpada (Filariasis) is described in Ayurveda by the Sanskrit words “ Ślī ” (elephant) and “ Pada ” (foot). The condition manifests as swelling, pain, and heaviness of the affected limb, primarily due to vitiation of Vāta and Kapha Doṣas . Ācārya Suśruta, Cāraka , and Vāgbhaṭa emphasized both Doṣic imbalance and geographic factors in its causation. Suśruta , in particular, linked Ślīpada with rivers originating from the Mahendra Range of the Eastern Ghāṭs . A textual analysis of classical Ayurvedic references was conducted, focusing on Suśruta’s descriptions of riverine associations with Ślīpada . After examining ancient medical texts, we compared those findings with the latest epidemiological reports and public health data from ten districts in Odisha where filariasis is common. We also critically reviewed government health programs, particularly the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) program initiated in February 2022, to assess their implementation in relation to the region’s specific geographic conditions. A high prevalence of lymphatic filariasis was observed in ten districts of Odisha. Several rivers associated with these districts, including the Mahānadī and Nāgāvalī , are geographically connected to the Mahendra Parvata ( Mahendra Range ). This association closely corresponds with the classical observations recorded by Suśruta regarding the endemicity of Ślīpada in riverine regions. The present study demonstrates the continued relevance of Ayurvedic principles in understanding disease pathogenesis. The classical observation by Suśruta that Ślīpada —a condition characterized by elephantine swelling of the limb—is associated with rivers originating from Mahendra Parvata shows a remarkable concordance with contemporary epidemiological findings on lymphatic filariasis.
Abstract Skin disorders represent a significant global health issue, with nutrition playing a critical role in their development, severity, and management. Distinguishing scientifically validated dietary interventions from anecdotal or unsupported claims continues to be a challenge for dermatologists. This review synthesizes current evidence on the dietary influences in common dermatological conditions such as urticaria, acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, vitiligo, and seborrheic dermatitis. It further integrates the Unani concept of Ilāj bi’l Taghdhiya (dietotherapy), which advocates a personalized, temperament-based approach to restore humoral balance. Classical Unani scholars, including Buqrāṭ (Hippocrates), Jālīnūs (Galen), Rāzī (Rhazes), Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), and Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), laid the foundational principles that continue to inform modern integrative approaches to skin health. This review critically examines the principles and therapeutic applications of Ilāj bi’l Taghdhiya in the management of skin disorders, correlating classical Unani perspectives with contemporary scientific findings. Relevant information was gathered from Classical Unani texts and English-language research articles published in various scientific journals. The analysis emphasizes the theoretical rationale, therapeutic benefits, and the potential role of dietary and herbal components in dermatology within this holistic framework. Recent research highlights strong associations between high-glycemic diets, excessive dairy intake, and imbalances in fatty acid consumption with inflammatory skin diseases. The Unani system’s dietary emphasis aligns with current dermatological understanding by promoting individualized and preventive care. This review integrates Unani dietary principles with modern evidence-based medicine may enhance patient outcomes and support a more holistic approach to skin health.
Abstract Context: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. There is a growing interest in identifying safe, cost-effective herbal interventions for early management of Nephropathy. Aim: This study evaluates the efficacy of the Siddha herbal formulation Ciṟupīḷaikkuṭinīr (Decoction of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.) in patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy. Settings and Design: An open-label, interventional, prospective, single-arm pilot trial conducted in Siddha Clinical Research Institute. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients diagnosed with early-stage diabetic nephropathy were enrolled and completed both treatment and follow-up phases. The intervention consisted of the administration of Ciṟupīḷaikkuṭinīr for a period of 1 month. Primary outcome measures included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, blood urea and Serum creatinine levels. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic relief and quality of life assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) questionnaire. Results: All participants reported symptom improvement that persisted beyond the treatment phase. eGFR increased in 8 patients (67%) following treatment and during follow-up. A sustained reduction in blood urea was observed in six patients (50%). All participants showed improved KDQOL-36 scores posttreatment, with notable gains in the physical component summary, symptoms and problems of kidney disease, and effects of kidney disease subdomains. Conclusion: Ciṟupīḷaikkuṭinīr appears to be a safe and showed the trend towards improvement in renal function and quality of life in early-stage diabetic nephropathy subjects. These findings warrant further investigation through larger, randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy and evaluate long-term outcomes.
Abstract Menstrual irregularities are increasing day-by-day owing to the changes in the lifestyle and food habits. One among the many menstrual irregularities is Secondary Amenorrhea, and in Ayurveda , it can be correlated with Nashtartava (~ absence of menstruation). An unmarried woman aged 30 years visited the outpatient department of Prasuti Tantra and Stree Roga (~ obstetrics and gynecology) with the complaints of absence of menstruation for the last 10 months and irregular menstruation since menarche. She is a known case of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome for the last 2 years. She was advised to undergo Panchakarma (~ five purificatory therapies), and she got admitted for the same. She attained her menstruation after the Vamana Karma (~ therapeutic emesis). Panchakarma procedure as well as internal medicines play an important role in Samprapti vighatana (~ breaking the pathogenesis) of this disease and help in regularizing the cycles.
Abstract Renal artery stenosis (RAS) (ICD-11 Code: BD40.2) is a vascular condition in which one or both renal arteries become narrowed. This restriction reduces kidney blood flow and activates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, causing fluid retention, vascular constriction, and secondary hypertension (HTN). If left untreated, these changes may eventually contribute to Chronic Kidney Disease. Epidemiological data suggest that RAS affects approximately 7% of people above 65 years, and the prevalence may reach up to one-fifth among those with Diabetes and HTN. From an Ayurvedic perspective, this condition can be correlated with Dhamanī Pratīcaya . A 78-year-old male presented with complaints of progressive generalized weakness, bilateral lower limb edema, and frothy urine persisting for 1 year. He was diagnosed with bilateral RAS and managed with Ayurvedic interventions. The patient received a combination of Ayurvedic formulations, including Gokṣurādi Guggulu , Varuṇādi Kvātha , Ṭriṇapañcamūla Kvātha , Rasāyana Chūrṇa , Śveta Parpaṭi , Śilājātvatī Lauha , and Harītakī Cūrṇa . Treatment continued for 22 months with regular monitoring of kidney function tests and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Following therapy, the patient demonstrated significant clinical and biochemical improvement. The eGFR increased from 13 to 50 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , while serum creatinine levels decreased from 4.11 to 1.37 mg/dL. Symptomatic relief was also noted, including a reduction in edema and improved general well-being. This case highlights the potential role of Ayurvedic management in improving renal function parameters in bilateral RAS. While encouraging, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the single-case nature of the report. Further controlled clinical studies are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of these interventions in broader populations.
Abstract Suśruta describes pain as a distinct entity called Śūla . Agnikarma is one parasurgical quickest procedure to reduce pain in various painful conditions, involving therapeutic heat burns. In this case series, we have described the results of 15 patients suffering from pārśṇiśūla , who were treated with Agnikarma using Pañcadhātu Śalākā twice a week at our pan̄cakarma Centre after written informed consent. Pain was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), before and after the procedure. Average 6 sittings of Agnikarma (range 3–6) were administered to the patients. Mean VAS score before the procedure was 7.87 ± 0.74, and after the procedure (Day 30) was 3.0 ± 1.19, which further reduced to 1.33 ± 1.39 at Day 90. Two patients had pain relapse of mild intensity at Day 30 and Day 90, respectively. Preliminary results of this case series suggest that Agnikarma is a good pain reliever in the treatment of pārśṇiśūla . Clinical trials should be conducted for a better understanding of the mechanism/s of this procedure.
Summary Due to the increasing prevalence of scalp and hair disorders such as seborrheic dermatitis in children, there is a need for effective and safe Āyurvedic intervention for it. Seborrheic dermatitis can be correlated with Dāruṇaka in Āyurveda , which is scalp-related Kshudra Roga . An 11-year-old female child, having complaints of itching, dryness, and cracks on the scalp with blood-mixed watery oozing and hair fall in the past 2 months, came to the Kaumarbhritya outpatient department, ITRA, Jamnagar. As per the symptomatology, she was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis ( Dāruṇaka ). She was treated with the internal administration of Tvak-Vikārahara Yoga , Mañjiṣṭhādi Kvātha , Gandhaka Rasāyana tablet, and Anu Taila Pratimarśa Nasya (for 30 days), along with external application of Triphala Cūrṇa Lepa and Pañcavalkala Kvātha Prakṣālana , together with four ( catur ) sittings of Jalauka–Āvacaraṇa (bloodletting by leech application). The total duration of treatment was 120 days. Significant improvement was found in itching, dryness, and cracks on the scalp after the treatment without any complication. This case study suggests a positive lead regarding the effective and safe Āyurveda management for seborrheic dermatitis ( Dāruṇaka ).
Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells (basal cells, squamous cells, keratinocytes, and melanocytes). The two types of skin cancer are nonmelanoma cancer (due to mutated epidermal keratinocytes) and melanoma cancer (due to mutated melanocytes), most commonly caused due to ultraviolet radiation. This review aims to find out new molecules for the development of a novel drug formulation for the treatment of skin cancer (melanoma) by comparative literature review method. At present, there are four commonly used anticancer drugs in market with different mechanisms such as (a) 5-fluorouracil directly inhibits thymidine synthesis by blocking thymidine synthase enzyme, (b) dacarbazine inhibits transcription of cancer cells by blocking the conversion of DNA into RNA by alkylation, (c) methotrexate inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis by blocking folate-related enzymes, and (d) neomenthol inhibits hyaluronidase activity and activates apoptosis by caspase-3 and caspase-10. Here, two plants were identified with some phytoconstituents having the same mechanism of action as that of synthetic products. One is Cynodon dactylon belongs to family Poaceae, consists of beta-sitosterol and syringic acid, and the other is Delonix regia . Delonix regia belongs to family Fabaceae and poses beta-sitosterol, beta-carotene, selenium, lupeol, lycopene, phytoene, and zeaxanthin. Both the above mentioned plants have common phytoconstituents such as beta-sitosterol, beta-carotene, and selenium derivatives; these possess anticancer and antioxidant activity. β-sitosterol follows the mechanism related to methotrexate; beta-carotene follows the mechanism of neomenthol; selenium follows the mechanism of dacarbazine and neomenthol This review explores clarity about some phytoconstituents and the mechanism of action regarding skin cancer to develop a new novel drug delivery system.
Siddha system of medicine is a traditional medical system which is native to and prevails in southern India. Its origin dates back to the prehistoric period same as that of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It consists of several similarities with the TCM such as fundamental principles, disease patterns, pulse diagnosis, and herbal medicines utilization. In this line, varmam therapy, which is a therapeutic manipulation technique in Siddha medicine, is almost identical to acupressure therapy in many attributes. It is a time-tested remedial strategy practiced by Siddha physicians in several diseases, particularly pain management. However, it is difficult to prove its efficacy through contemporary science protocols because of its abstractive principles, heterogeneous designs, and individualized patient approach. Hence, it remains confined to a narrow territory. This review tries to explore the similar attributes of both varmam and acupressure therapies through a comparison of 22 varmam points mentioned for knee osteoarthritis and corresponding acupoints. Furthermore, it has provided suggestions to achieve a consensus and develop evidence-based clinical guidelines for varmam therapy.
The Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar , authored by Acharya Govind Das Sen in the 19 th century, is a foundational text in traditional medicine, offering an extensive compendium of Ayurvedic formulations and therapeutic practices. With systematic categorization, the text addresses a wide range of medical conditions, including a specialized focus on toxicology. It outlines 129 formulations designed for managing various poisoning scenarios, such as exposure to natural and artificial toxins, animal and insect bites, and chronic toxic agents. Prominent remedies, including Mahagandhahasti Agada , Amruta Ghritam , and Vishavajrapato Rasa , reflect a sophisticated understanding of toxicology, employing diverse substances such as herbs, minerals, and unconventional components such as goat urine and tiger nails. Specific formulations, such as Arka Yoga for Nerium oleander poisoning and Triphaladi Kwatha for mercury toxicity, highlight the text’s precision in addressing unique toxic exposures. In the modern era, where poisoning incidents are increasingly prevalent, these traditional formulations present potential complementary strategies for poison management. The text’s meticulous categorization by preparation type and therapeutic application offers a valuable framework for further scientific research and validation. By revisiting and revalidating these ancient practices, the integration of traditional wisdom with contemporary science can enhance the development of effective and holistic toxicological treatments.
Depressive disorders are highly prevalent mental disorders producing disturbances in major domains of well-being. About 300 million people suffer from depression at a global level. The currently available antidepressants fail to bring a significant reduction in symptoms and are associated with increased remission rates and greater side effects. In Ayurveda, symptoms of depression often go on a par with features of Kaphaja Unmaada with Vata Anubandha. Vamana is the ideal Sodhana Cikitsa for Kaphaja Unmaada, and conventionally, Ghrita is used for Sodhanaanga Snehapaana. Taila is the best Sneha which has Kapha Vata hara nature, and Sahacaraadi taila is indicated in Unmaada. The scope of Tailapaana in alleviating symptoms of depression is a novel concept which needs validation. Participants with moderate-to-severe depressive disorder satisfying the inclusion criteria were admitted to the IPD of VPSV Ayurveda College and Government Ayurveda Research Institute for Mental Health and Hygiene, Kottakkal. The study design was a comparative clinical trial and the study group was administered Sodhanaanga Snehapaana with Sahacaraadi Sevya, and in the control group, it was done with Kalyaanaka Ghrita. Both the groups were administered Vamana with Dhaamargava yoga after Snehapaana. The efficacy of both the groups was compared using the Beck's Depression Inventory and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form. From analysis, it was concluded that both the groups were effective in reducing symptoms of depression. The domains of past failure, self-dislike, and suicidal thought were proved to be statistically significant in the trial group, whereas the domains of sadness, hopelessness, and insomnia were significant in the control group.
