Impaired wound healing is associated with hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes. Hyperglycaemia induces protein glycation and the formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs). The accumulation of AGEs in the body results in the structural and functional modification of tissue proteins. This study was conducted to evaluate compounds with antiglycation activities (S-Ally1 Cysteine (SAC), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and the mimic compound A). The extent of glycation in the presence and absence of several inhibitors was assessed via several methods including fluorescence, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)- silver stain, Western blotting, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Additionally, this research aimed to evaluate and quantify the potential of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hADMSCs) to uptake and release these drugs as potential therapeutics. To achieve this, hADMSCs were primed with a combination of SAC/NAC and mimic compound A and their concentrations were analysed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The SAC/NAC and mimic compound A prohibit the formation of AGEs while the Conditioned Medium (CM) from SAC/NACand compound A-loaded hADMSCs induced cell migration and tube formation in BAECs. hADMSCs provide a unique opportunity for the development of an innovative targeting and drug-delivery system which could effectively deliver therapeutics to specific regions of wounds or other damaged tissues. The data provided demonstrate the potential of hADMSCs as a drug delivery method with the potential to improve wound healing, and it may offer potential therapeutic targeting for the development of diabetic complications.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura (SFTP) is an exceptionally rare mesenchymal tumor that typically originates from the visceral pleura and constitutes less than 5% of all pleural tumors. While it often displays benign histological features, the tumor’s behavior remains enigmatic and less comprehensively understood, primarily owing to its limited incidence and case studies. We present two cases of SFTP. The First one was a small pleural nodule a nodule in a 61 year old patien, confirmed as a SFTP through CT-guided biopsy. Successful tumor resection was performed, with histopathological confirmation, and the patient remained recurrence-free for two years. The second one was incidental finding in a 68-year-old patient of a huge pleural mass with necrotic regions and microcalcifications on imaging. Surgical removal revealed an encapsulated tumor with myxoid features, classified as an intermediate-risk SFTP. The patient experienced no complications and had no local recurrence 16 months post-surgery. Solitary fibrous tumors within the pleura are uncommon. The preferred treatment approach is surgical resection, with diligent post-operative monitoring.
Background: Primary intraparenchymal meningiomas are extremely rare; their similarities to other intra-axial lesionsand thelack of dural adhesion make their presurgical diagnostic approach challenging. Case Description: A 27-year-old male, with no past medical history, presented to our emergency department for a first time grand mal seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging evidenced a 1,6×1,2 cm mass in the right temporo-parietal region. It was iso intense on T1WI, hyper intense on T2 WI, surrounded by large vasogenic edema and homogeneously enhanced on contrast magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion restriction. During surgery, the tumor was found to be located within the parenchyma with no dural attachment. It was removed en bloc. Histopathological examination confirmed the positive diagnosis of transitional meningioma (WHO Grade I). Conclusion: Intraparenchymal meningiomas are rarely reported in the literature. Their preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult to make. Histopathological examination plays a key role for an accurate diagnosis.
Application of Deep Learning LSTM and ARIMA Models in Time Series Forecasting: A Methods Case Study analyzing Canadian and Swedish Indoor Air Pollution Data
Thrombocytopenia is a commonly encountered during course of chemotherapy. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. A 58 years old lady, diagnosed case of carcinoma breast left side (early stage) on adjuvant trastuzumab therapy developed progressive thrombocytopenia. The treatment was stopped and started on oral steroids. The platelet count recovered slowly on oral steroids. In this review we have highlighted a very rarely encountered side effect of trastuzumab induced thrombocytopenia.
Objective: Dexamethasone (DEX) is considered an effective treatment for Post-Embolization Syndrome (PES). However, the current commonly used DEX treatment course is long and involves a large amount of DEX and thus causes substantial side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose shortcourse DEX treatment in the prevention of PES to establish a new treatment course. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to observe the efficacy of DEX in treating PES on patients with primary liver cancer who underwent Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE). DEX was selected according to the wishes of the patients, who were subsequently divided into two groups. In the experimental group, 52 patients daily received an intravenous injection of 5 mg DEX and 5 mg tropisetron, starting on the day of TACE. The remaining 52 patients (control group) were treated with only 5 mg tropisetron daily. Incidence and degree of vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever were recorded. Routine blood tests and the C-Reactive Protein (CRP) test were performed, liver and kidney functions were evaluated, and the coagulation index and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status were assessed before and after TACE. Results: Severity scores of adverse reactions, such as vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain; incidence of grade 2 and 3 adverse reactions; and CRP and ECOG scores were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in routine blood parameters, liver and kidney functions, or coagulation between the two groups before or after TACE (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Low-dose and short-course DEX treatment after TACE can effectively reduce the severity of PES without side effects.
Breast cancer is the second most common malignant tumor worldwide and the most common oncological disease among women. This article presents our experience in postoperative Radiotherapy (RT) in 341 patients with Early Breast Cancer (EBC) after Breast-Preserving Surgery (BPS). Emphasis is placed on the indications and Clinical Target Volumes (CTV) for radiotherapy. The significant effect of postoperative RT in terms of Local Tumor Control (LTC), long-term recurrence-free survival and overall survival is reported. The main goal of this article is to establish high-tech radiotherapy after BPS in early BC as the main local method, optimizing the treatment and cosmetic results.
This is a case report of a CIC-rearranged sarcoma located in the neck. Our patient was a 36 year-old-woman with unremarkable past medical history who presented with a left lateralized neck mass evolving for one year without other signs. The physical examination showed a bulky left cervical mass of 12cm long axis, with infected and necrotic areas. There was no palpable lymph nodes. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and confirmed the suspicious nature of the lesion and did not show distant metastasis. Histology (completed with Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis) of a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of round cell sarcoma with CIC rearrangement. As the tumor was unresectable, we started with chemotherapy but the tumor progressed after three cycles. The patient could not receive a second line chemotherapy because of the deterioration of the general condition and died after 1 month. In conclusion, CIC-rearranged sarcoma is a rare tumor and has a poorer prognosis than the classic Ewing Sarcoma (ES). Its treatment is still challenging. More research is needed to establish the optimal treatment strategies.
Solid tumor oncology treatments are primarily performed in the outpatient setting. However, hospitalizations are inevitable due to complications of cancer and treatment-related toxicities. With rising health care spending, the length of hospital stay (LOS) is increasingly considered a proxy for healthcare costs. There are several ongoing efforts to abbreviate the inpatient LOS and ensure a safe and timely discharge to the outpatient setting. In addition to the acute illness and the associated comorbidities, various factors affect the LOS: social determinants of health, nutritional status in cancer patients, and endof- life issues. Furthermore, it is unclear how the institutional policies on social distancing and visitation during the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may impact the LOS. The purpose of this article is to review various factors and barriers that lead to longer LOS for solid tumor patients during the COVID 19 pandemic, and identify the critical areas of quality improvement.
Purpose: ¹H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique that provides information on tissue metabolism and biochemistry. Because of technical difficulties, this method is rarely used in the spinal cord examination. The main goal of this study was to develop a routine protocol for MRS of intramedullary lesions. Material and methods: ¹H-MRS protocol was set on a group of healthy volunteers. 48 spectra were acquired in total. 30 of them were acquired in cervical spinal cord and the remaining (18 spectra) were acquired in the thoracic spinal cord. Results: In ¹H-MRS of the spinal cord one of the most important problem is small voxel size. Mean voxel size in this study was 7x9x29 mm - what is much smaller than in the brain examinations finally, almost 60% of spectra were of acceptable quality in volunteer examinations, what enabled the following patients’ examinations. Conclusions: Challenges of spinal cord spectroscopy were discussed and the ability of providing additional diagnostic information was proved.
Background: The first-line combination chemotherapy regimens, FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, improved survival outcomes in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. However, there is no consensus therapy after failure of first-line chemotherapy. This objective of this study was to analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of subsequent chemotherapy in patients who failed first-line FOLFIRINOX. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving second-line chemotherapy after failure of FOLFIRINOX at Kosin University Gaspel Hospital from January 2013 to July 2020. Results: Sixty-three patients with advanced pancreatic cancer received first-line FOLFIRINOX, and 33 (51.7%) of those patients received at least one cycle of second-line chemotherapy. At the start of second-line chemotherapy, the median age of patients was 59 years (range, 31-79), and 54.5% (61 patients) was male. The second-line chemotherapy regimens included gemcitabine/ nab-paclitaxel (21, 63.6%), gemcitabine/erlotinib (6, 18.2%), and gemcitabine monotherapy (6, 18.2%). Of twenty-five patients who had measurable disease, only 1 patient (4.0%) achieved a partial response, and the disease control rate was 56% (14 patients). The median Overall Survival (OS) was 8.7 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 5.2-12.2), and the median progression-free survival was 3.2 months (95% CI, 1.7-4.8). The median OS from starting FOLFIRINOX was14.7 months (95% CI, 10.4-18.3). There was no significant difference of median OS between second-line regimens. Conclusion: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy had modest survival benefits in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after failure of FOLFIRINOX.
Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of changes to IMRT delivery parameters for mass-based optimization schemes: Dose-Mass- (DM) and Energy-based (Energy), compared to Dose-Volume-based (DV) optimization. Methods: Twelve Head-and-Neck (HN) and twelve lung cases were retrospectively optimized using DM and Energy optimization. In both optimization approaches nine equidistant, split beams were used for step-and-shoot deliverable IMRT. Changes to two parameters were investigated: the number of IMRT segments (5 and 10 per beam) and the minimum allowed segment area (2 and 6 cm²). Plans were normalized such that 95% of the PTV received the same dose. Dose Indices (DIs) were used for evaluation. For the lung cases, DIs included: 1%_cord, 33%_heart, 20% and 30%_both-lungs, and 50%_ esophagus. In the HN cases: 1%_cord, 1%_brainstem, left/right parotids_50%, 50%_larynx, and 50%_esophagus. Results: The lung cases demonstrated that the Energy plans were more sensitive to segment area; changing the segment area resulted in a statistically significant dose increase for 1%_cord, 30%_both-lungs and 50%_esophagus. Changes to the number of segments yielded on average statistically significant differences in dose to 1%_cord in Energy plans, 50%_esophagus in DM plans, and 20%_both-lungs in DV plans. When the segment area was changed, the HN cases yielded statistically significant differences in doses to 1%_cord, 1%_ brainstem, 50%_left and right parotids, and 50%_larynx for the Energy plans and 50%_larynx for DM plans. Moreover, changing the number of segments resulted in significant dose decrease for 50%_parotids and 50%_esophagus for the Energy plans and 50%_larynx for DV plans. Conclusions: This study showed that both lung and HN Energy plans exhibit larger sensitivity than DV and DM plans to changing IMRT delivery parameters, especially when increasing the minimum segment area rather than with varying the number of segments.
This clinical investigation was performed to evaluate the benefit of Complementary Medicine (CM) in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant Chemotherapy (ChT). Patients and Methods: The patients (n=668) were treated according to international guidelines with adjuvant ChT. As to reduce the side effects, the patients were complementarily treated with a combination of sodium selenite, proteolytic plant enzymes (bromelaine and papain) and Lens culinaris lectin. On Case Report Formulas (CRFs) assessment of side effects of ChT was documented at defined times during adjuvant ChT and additional complementary treatment. Validation was carried out by scoring from 1 (no side-effects/optimal tolerability) to 6 (extreme side-effects/extremely bad tolerability), however, only patients suffering from severe side effects (symptom scores 4 and higher) were enrolled into this investigation. Results: The severity of side-effects of ChT was significantly reduced by complementary treatment. Mean scores of symptoms declined for sleep disorder, fatigue, lack of drive (p<0.05) and for arthralgia, hot flushes, mucosal dryness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, pain of tumour (p<0.001). Conclusion: This investigation confirms benefits of indication-based complementary treatment with the combination of sodium selenite, proteolytic enzymes and Lens culinaris lectin in breast cancer patients, e.g. reduction of side-effects of adjuvant ChT.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults, which often takes a nonlymph nodes organ as the primary focus. Primary lymphoid malignancy of thyroid gland is not common in clinic, EBV-positive primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of thyroid gland is rare in clinic, and its pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis are rarely studied. We reported an 85-year-old female patient with EBV-positive primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of thyroid gland, and the disease eventually relapsed in skeletal muscle of the patient. The pathological type after relapse was consistent with that of the primary focus. As far as we know secondary EBV-positive DLBCL of skeletal muscle from EBV-positive primary DLBCL of thyroid gland. For elderly patients with multiple adverse prognostic factors, individualized treatment on the premise of ensuring their quality of life may be more important.
Introduction: Screening programs and improved imaging result in higher frequency of non-palpable breast lesions, requiring preoperative localisation. Several localisation methods have been developed, with Magseed® among the more recent techniques. This observational study registered safety, effectiveness and surgeon satisfaction of Magseed® localisation. Data were compared with hooked-wire procedure. Methods: Data regarding safety, effectiveness and surgeon satisfaction of 100 patients who underwent Magseed® localisation were prospectively collected between September 2018 and April 2019, and compared with retrospectively collected data of 91 patients who underwent hooked-wire localisation between March 2018 and September 2018. Results: In total, 103 seeds and 102 wires were included. All magnetic seeds were placed under ultrasound guidance, with a median of two days preoperative. Complication rate did not significantly differ between Magseed® and hooked-wire (2.97% vs. 2.13%; p = 1.000). 94.06% of the seeds were detected with Sentimag®, with a retrieval rate of 100%. Positive margin rate was lower for Magseed®, although not significant (4.76% vs. 10.39%; p = 0.233). Due to positive margins, 1 additional mastectomy was performed, in contrast with 3 mastectomies and 1 additional re-excision in the hooked-wire group. Surgeons scored 81% of the Magseed® procedures as ’easier than hookedwire’. Conclusion: Rate of positive margins and re-excision/mastectomy showed a tendency to be lower with Magseed® localisation compared to hooked-wire localisation. Complication rate was equal. Moreover, high surgeon satisfaction and logistical advantages designate Magseed® as preferable over hooked-wire.
Nanomaterials owing to their remarkable pharmaceutical properties and potential to load large quantities of drugs are considered an ideal vector for carrying medicine to the target site. The treatment of breast cancer has been a pressing issue due the use of conventional methods of treatment resulting in many side effects. Nanotechnology offers a more targeted approach in breast cancer treatment. The present review examines the role of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and nanoparticles in the treatment of breast cancer and the obstacles in the way of nanotechnology in becoming one of the best methods in breast cancer treatment and drug delivery. Use of monoclonal antibody trastuzumab against HER-2 biomarkers by attaching it with nanotubes or nanoparticles is considered the best-targeted therapy along with photo thermal ablation. The absence of human tumor models and lack of toxicological assays are the major factors contributing to differences between the preclinical and clinical trial results.
Drug innovation using natural products is an interesting mission for planning new leads. It describes the bioactive compounds resulting from natural resources, characterization and pharmacological examination. It emphases on the triumph of these resources in the process of finding and realizing new and effective drug compounds that can be beneficial for human resources. For medicinal devotions and for the progress of pharmaceutical substances, medicinal plants were used such as Physalis angulata L which is a medicinal plant used for numerous therapies including wound healing [1]. Physalis peruviana (golden berry) is an herbaceous annual plants belongs to the family Solanaceae [2]. This plant has a tremendous medicinal value for curing out different diseases: cancer, leukemia, diabetes, ulcers, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, dermatitis, rheumatism and several other diseases [3]. The golden berry fruit tastes like a sweet tomato and includes high levels of vitamin C, vitamin A and the vitamin B-complex. The fruit was demonstrated to have both antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties [4,5]. Herbal specialists and local people of several countries have used many extracts of medicinal plants to achieve and treat various diseases comprising wound healing [6]. Physalis with its notable benefits related to high nutrients and bioactive compounds with extraordinary antioxidant activity and other several medicinal properties have been ascribed to these compounds [7,8]. The bioactive compounds are formed as primary and secondary metabolites of the fruits. These compounds are biologically active with cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, tranquilizing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and contraceptive actions, among others. Such compounds are used for several dedications, such as in medical therapy, to cure diseases, in the cosmetics, and in the food industry as antioxidants or flavorings [9] (Figure 1).
RORs isoforms are a metabolic strong regulators have their own functions in the lipid metabolism and in genes, subunits, and hormones reproductions, where during their necessary metabolic activities on lipid metabolism with the effects Mitochondrial enzymes on lipid molecules the acyl-CoA-synthase (RORbeta), acyl-CoA-phospholipase (ROR-alpha), and acyl-CoA-synthetase (RORgama) will be synthesised and released for running the lipid metabolic pathways. Where the RORs isoforms functions are strongly linked to FOX forkhead genes and strongly depending on mitochondrial anabolic active enzymes activities (phospholipase, synthase, synthetase), and are having a strong regulations by mitochondrial OPA1 membrane which act on long fatty acids molecules for releasing the three enzymatic acyl-CoA active molecules for the cholesterol productn, for TNF-a with TXA2 alpha subunits productions, for sestrin-Leu 1 synthesis, for prostaglandins synthesis which reflect the strengthen of ROR-beta with ROR-alpha activities, for S6K1 production, and for estrogen & insulin growth and their ratio biosynthesis. When lipid associated with absorbed nutrient molecules (pro-lipo-mTOR) will be firstly affect by ATPase and by Cox2 for releasing long fatty acids molecules and will be directed to FOX forkhead and to ROR genes, where first the ATPase and COX-2 will act on lipid molecules for releasing long fatty acids molecules then the mitochondrial anabolic enzymes effects will act fatty acids molecules for releasing the acyl-CoA-phospholipase (ROR alpha isoforms), acyl-CoAsynthase (ROR-beta), and acyl-CoA synthetase (ROR-gama isoforms), where all RORs isoforms are having the same molecular structure but differ only in their terminals. The decreasing in mitochondrial synthetase enzyme will reflect inhibition or decreasing in acyl-CoA-synthetase enzymatic molecules (ROR-gama) synthesis which adopted for carbohydrate metabolic cycles and the ratio of pyrimidine in biological molecules, that can reflect decreasing in the pyrimidine synthesis from purines which will lead to decreasing in hormone biosynthesis, and sestrin biosynthesis, and decreasing in RORs isoforms stabilities and activities, which can reflect decreasing in FOX genes stabilities, and decreasing in Thymine kinases molecules activities which consequently lead to inhibition or decreasing in cholesterol biosynthesis, and in estrogen or insulin hormones biosynthesis pathways. Long-fatty acyl-CoAs are produced due to the effects of mitochondrial anabolic enzymes on the long fatty acids molecules which produced from the effects of ATPase and mitochondrial COX-2 on the lipid molecules, which considered as necessary anabolic regulatory and intermediates molecules in lipid metabolic pathways and in the active kinases molecules resynthesis during the binding of Pro-nutrients-mTOR molecules. Following the long fatty acids formation by the effects of ribosomal ATPase is the effect of mitochondrial OPA1 membrane activities for producing its necessary anabolic mitochondrial enzymes (phospholipase, synthase, and synthetase) for producing the three RORs isoforms active enzymatic molecules acyl-CoA-phospholipase (ROR-alpha), acyl-CoA synthase (ROR-beta), acyl- CoA synthetase (ROR gama). The RORs isoforms consedered as three structures of RORs isoforms, each isoform bind to one of the anabolic mitochondrial enzymes (synthase, synthetase, and phospholipase enzymes)to form its own ROR-isoforms, and each of RORs isoforms has its own specific functions and pathological pathways but is contributing with others RORs-isoforms for running and completing their specific biosynthesis pathways during lipids metabolism. Those RORs (the enzymatic acyl-CoA) isoforms molecules are having same molecular structures but differs only in their terminal amino acids, and are incorporated into acylated proteins and complex active fatty molecules like triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters for activating the brain metabolic processes, for the liver metabolic activities, and for the strengthen of immune efficiency through TNF-Alpha and TXA2 subunits productions by the acyl-CoA-synthase (ROR beta isoforms ) and for sestrin-Leu biosynthesis through the regulation of acyl-CoA-synthetase (ROR gama isoforms). The synthesis of each of acyl-CoA isoform firstly by the effects of ATPase and COX-2 on lipid molecules followed by the mitochondrial OPA1 activaties for releasing its active enzymatic acyl-CoA isoforms during lipid metabolism. As ribosomal ATPase act on lipo-mTOR protein will release long fatty acids molecules then will be followed by mitochondrial effects on long Fatty molecules for producing enzymatic acyl-CoAs (RORs) isoforms. Where acyl-CoA isoforms molecules will be binded to whether synthetase, phospholipase, or to synthases enzymes as intermediates for brain activities, for liver functions etc., depending on the type of signals activities received from brain and from cells to form RORs isoforms. The mitochondrial enzymes effects are necessary (anabolic snd antiinflammatory enzymes) for RORs isoforms biosynthesis, and are considered as anti-inflammatory regulating enzymes that synthase and synthetase are so necessary for TNF-a and for thromboxane-A (TXA2) biosynthesis, and regulate the releasing of the active four kind of kinases proteins during the FOX binding activities, and act as mediators for anti inflammations pathways as for prostaglandins productions, and are acting releasing the ROR-alpha isoforms which are active isoforms for phospholipid membranes and for antigen biosynthesis. Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors, that LXRs were originally considered as ‘orphan’ nuclear receptors, and it’s origin depend on the synthesis of acyl-CoA phospholipase isoforms which is the basic of liver cells phospho-lipo-membrane. However, those receptors were ‘adopted’ for running lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and phospholipid membranes which act as so imp biological filter for and from nucleus. The phospholipid membranes formed from acyl-CoA-phospholipase (RORalpha) isoforms functions, where phospholipid are imp molecules for skeletal muscle development, for photoreceptor development and for liver activities. IFN gamma depending on biosynthesis effects of synthetase enzymes on long fatty acids chains for producing fatty acyl-CoAs synthetase which act as a protective IFN-gamma in regulating the retinal hydrations. PLC-gamma1 is implicated in a variety of cellular signalings and processes including mitogenesis and calcium entry. The Nerve growth factor is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, and proliferation that has imp roles in carbohydrate biosynthesis for maintaining the necessary balances of purines related to pyrimidine nucleotides through the pyrimidines synthesis where their results will feed the sensor nerve and neuronal hyper reactivity for nerve activities. The effects of synthase and phospholipase on the productions of RORs beta and alpha isoforms respectively are cooperating together for running so imp osteogenic repressor in regulating bone formation and in new blood cells synthesis with their effective phospholipid membranes, and are imp for TNF-a and TXA2 alpha subunits productions, where PSTC-kinases (mTORC1) and thromboxane-A2 can used for the autophagy reactivities and biosynthesis. Heart failure is associated with decreased myocardial fatty acid metabolic pathways and decreasing in fatty acids functioning and oxidation capacity and has been likened to energy starvation. As the adenosine metabolism in tissues have been consumed due to extra ATPase and COX-2 activities as energy utilization will increased from breaking and analyzing genes and fatty acyl-CoA molecules and from pyrimidine molecules lead to precipitation of ub normal molecules which can block blood fluidity in arteries and veins leads to decreasing in heart muscle lead to heart failure.
Accumulating evidence has documented the significance of miR-149 as a promising tumor-suppressive non-coding RNA that play critical roles in regulating genes involved in cancer growth and metastasis. Notably, the ability of miR-149 to be utilized as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis/prognosis or a therapeutic target has also been explored using various cellular and preclinical models, as well as in clinical settings of lung cancer. While the applicability of miR-149 in assessing tumor progression has been suggested, its potential in predicting treatment outcomes is needed to be verified in diverse settings of lung cancer patients. The current review presents an overview of the functional significance of miR-149 with ongoing challenges in non-small cell lung cancer.
