ABSTRACT Flexible direct‐conversion X‐ray detectors based on halide perovskites hold great promise for mechanically compliant and array‐integrated imaging, yet their performance is limited by grain‐boundary defects and electrical instability in polycrystalline thick films. Here, we introduce 1,4‐benzenedicarboximidamide dihydrochloride (p‐BDAm) as an additive for regulating polycrystalline methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) detector layers. Spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support multisite interactions between the bis‐amidinium framework and Pb–I‐containing species as a plausible contribution to the p‐BDAm‐mediated regulation of the local grain‐boundary environment and crystallization behavior. Overall, p‐BDAm incorporation suppresses nonradiative recombination, increases the resistivity and mobility–lifetime product, raises the apparent activation energy extracted from temperature‐dependent conductivity from 0.17 to 0.49 eV, and substantially improves dark‐current stability. The optimized flexible perovskite composite membrane detector achieves a sensitivity of 2165.5 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 at 10 V and an estimated detection limit of 15.0 nGy air s −1 . Moreover, the p‐BDAm‐regulated MAPbI 3 layer is compatible with thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐array integration, enabling parallel X‐ray imaging. A representative TFT image was obtained at an X‐ray dose rate of 12.3 µGy air s −1 with an exposure time of 0.5 s. These results demonstrate a transferable molecular‐regulation strategy for stabilizing polycrystalline perovskite X‐ray detectors across flexible and array‐integrated architectures.
ABSTRACT DNA‐based storage is a promising candidate for next‐generation data media, providing a powerful strategy for preserving digital information in molecular formats. As information complexity increases, multiple DNA molecules are often used to encode related data elements, but their independent distribution can compromise information linkage during amplification‐based readout. Although microdroplet PCR reduces amplification bias through spatial compartmentalization, stochastic partitioning of individual DNA molecules may hinder the recovery of associated information. Here, we present a Y‐shaped DNA nanostructure system that integrates multiple related DNA sequences into a single molecular scaffold, enabling physical co‐localization of linked information before compartmentalization. The Y‐shaped architecture serves as a unified input unit for microdroplet PCR, allowing coordinated amplification and accurate recovery of associated data within individual droplets. By maintaining molecular linkage during processing, this strategy improves the uniformity of DNA‐encoded linked information recovery. Overall, this system provides a programmable framework for DNA data organization and droplet‐based retrieval of linked information.
ABSTRACT Printable strain‐sensing electronic textiles (e‐textiles) are promising for wearable health monitoring and human–machine interfaces, yet achieving simultaneous high sensitivity, mechanical stability, and comfort remains challenging due to unstable conductive networks and weak interfacial integration with textile substrates. Here, we report a printable strain‐sensing ink based on a styrene–isoprene–styrene elastomer integrated with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Guided by percolation theory and interfacial interaction engineering, we introduce a pre‐strain‐activated conductive‐network strategy to reconstruct and regulate conductive pathways within the printed sensing layer, enabling efficient strain‐to‐resistance conversion while maintaining structural robustness under repeated deformation. The resulting e‐textile exhibits a low strain detection limit of 0.05%, a high gauge factor of 160.5, a fast response time of 45.4 ms, a sensing range of 36.7%, and durability over 1000 cycles at 15% strain. Thanks to strong interfacial adhesion between the infiltrated sensing layer and porous textile scaffold, the device maintains stable electromechanical performance under complex deformations while preserving intrinsic softness and breathability. It further enables reliable real‐time monitoring of respiration and human motion. This work provides a simple and scalable conductive‐network engineering strategy for high‐performance strain‐sensing e‐textiles, offering a generalizable route toward next‐generation wearable electronics.
ABSTRACT Nanopore sensing provides a label‐free platform for single‐molecule analysis. To achieve reliable solid‐state nanopore sensing, however, it is essential to optimize appropriate nanopore fabrication methods, as variations in pore diameter, geometry, surface state, and fabrication residues can affect molecular discrimination capability. Here, we report a temporally modulated CW laser‐assisted dielectric breakdown method for facilitating in‐situ fabrication of nanopores in silicon nitride membranes, coupled with ammonium sulfate electrolytes to improve sensing performance. Systematic characterization revealed that temporally modulated CW laser minimizes contamination/debris formation during pore fabrication and yields improved nanopore sensing. Streaming‐potential measurements and interfacial ion‐transport simulations suggest that ammonium‐containing electrolytes modify the SiN nanopore interface by promoting NH 4 + adsorption on the inner pore surface as well as SO 4 2− ions, thereby enhancing DNA–pore interactions. This effect slowed a subset of DNA translocation events, enabling longer dwell‐time observations and differentiation between poly(dA) and poly(dC) blockade populations. Furthermore, aptamer‐assisted detection enabled detection of Scp1‐bound aptamer complexes under conditions where the protein alone tended to clog the pore. The Scp1–aptamer complex showed prolonged dwell times compared with those of free aptamers, even under 0.14 M KCl. Together, these results demonstrate that integrating our approach provides an improved approach for high‐performance single‐molecule nanopore detection.
ABSTRACT Low‐temperature Cu‐Cu direct bonding (<150°C) for 3D integration faces a severe bottleneck from interfacial voids caused by limited atomic diffusion. While nanocrystalline Cu (NC‐Cu) has emerged as a promising bonding material owing to its high stored energy, the thermodynamic influence of initial crystallographic orientation remains unclear. Here, we systematically investigate the orientation‐dependent bonding thermodynamics of NC‐Cu thin films with (100), (111), and (101) orientations. Despite high internal energy, (100) and (111) Cu consume significant energy for internal defect curing (dislocation glide and twin annihilation), inducing void aggregation. Conversely, (101) Cu, despite not possessing the largest absolute total driving force, directs the largest fraction of its available positive driving force toward macroscopic grain‐boundary migration, thereby achieving extensive interfacial‐crossing growth and enhanced overall mechanical reliability. We demonstrate that reliable bonding requires targeted allocation of grain boundary energy, establishing a novel crystallographic design principle for advanced heterogeneous integration and solid‐state joining technologies.
