帮布勒矿床是近年来在西藏冈底斯一念青唐古拉多金属成矿带西段新发现的大型矽卡岩型Pb-Zn矿床.闪锌矿作为该矿床的主要矿石矿物之一,其矿相学特征及化学组分对于揭示成矿物理化学条件和流体演化过程具有重要意义.本文选取帮布勒矿床近端及远端矽卡岩中不同世代闪锌矿开展详细的显微结构观察和电子探针成分研究.结果表明,帮布勒矿床闪锌矿可划分为2个世代:第Ⅰ世代闪锌矿主要产于近端矽卡岩,呈暗红色-棕红色,常与乳滴状黄铜矿共生,并交代他形磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿,Fe元素含量较高(部分闪锌矿Fe含量＞10％),Zn/Fe值＜10;第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿可进一步分为两类:第一类(Ⅱ a)闪锌矿在近端及远端矽卡岩中均有发育,呈棕黄色,充填于辉石、石榴子石等矽卡岩矿物间及其裂隙中;第二类(Ⅱb)闪锌矿主要产于远端矽卡岩中,呈黄色-浅黄色,与方铅矿和石英共生,第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿相比于第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿Fe、Mn含量明显偏低,Zn含量较高.闪锌矿Fe元素温度计估算结果显示,从第Ⅱ世代至第Ⅱ世代成矿温度逐渐降低,分别为160～314℃、138～157 ℃,与闪锌矿Zn/Fe比值指示结果一致.综上证据,本文认为帮布勒矿床早期成矿流体温度高且富含Fe、Mn、Cu等元素,随着成矿流体温度逐渐降低,流体中Fe、Mn元素含量显著降低.同时,成矿流体自矿区北西向南东运移过程中温度逐渐降低,指示在矿床南东方向具有寻找远端Manto型高品位矿体的潜力.
多不杂铜(金)矿床是西藏多龙矿集区重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一.详细的岩心编录和岩相学研究显示,多不杂铜(金)矿床发育4类磁铁矿:磁铁矿-1(Mt1)反射色呈灰白色,它形粒状,部分颗粒包含在黑云母内部;磁铁矿-2(Mt2)反射色呈粉棕色,半自形-它形粒状,边缘被赤铁矿交代,颗粒内部见少量黄铜矿;磁铁矿-3(Mt3)反射色呈粉棕色,自形-半自形,粒度小,表面平整,主要产于角岩化蚀变内;磁铁矿-4(Mt4)反射色呈深灰色,颗粒间隙被黄铁矿、黄铜矿交代.Mt1、Mt2属岩浆磁铁矿或岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型;Mt3、Mt4属岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型.Mt1、Mt2、Mt4磁铁矿形成温度大致在300～500 ℃,Mt3形成温度明显低于其他三类磁铁矿,大致在200～500℃.4类磁铁矿具有明显的地球化学差异,其中Mt1具高Ti、V,低Mn、低氧逸度的特征;Mt2具有低V,高Mn、高氧逸度的特征;Mt3具有低Ti,低Mn、Al,且Mn、Al含量与Ti呈正相关的特征;Mt4具低V、高Mn、Si、Al,高氧逸度的特征.其中Mt1形成时间最早,而Mt3形成时间最晚.高Mn和低V的磁铁矿是多不杂矿床铜矿化的指示标志.
The global supply-demand pattern for antimony-containing materials is changing as China’s mine production declines and global demand for antimony-containing materials increases in new energy sectors. An analysis of the global antimony raw materials trade pattern can help countries build their own resilient supply chains of antimony raw materials. Using material flow and complex network analysis methods, this study quantitatively depicts the global trade pattern of four types of antimony raw materials（antimony ore, antimony metal, primary processed materials of antimony, and secondary antimony） from 2002 to 2020. Additionally, the evolutionary characteristics of the global antimony raw materials trade pattern and national status are analyzed.Primary processed materials containing antimony were found to be the most important type of commodity, with trade volumes accounting for more than half of the global trade volumes of antimony raw materials. China and the United States were found to be the two countries with the most comprehensive trade status, while India, the EU,and South Korea were the countries（regions） with the fastest rise in comprehensive trade status. The EU’s import sources of antimony showed an obvious diversification trend, which significantly reduced its import dependence on China, indicating that the EU’s import strategy of critical raw materials has achieved remarkable results in recent years. China’s absolute dominance in the global supply of antimony raw materials is declining with the development of a more diversified pattern of global antimony raw materials trade.
In this paper, a research framework was formulated to analyze the complete life cycle of aluminum by using material flow analysis（MFA）, which applied the ‘top to bottom’ approach to track the flow, stock, and secondary supply of aluminum in China from 1949 to 2021. The results revealed the following: 1) The inflow of aluminum from bauxite in China was 586 Mt（million tons） from 1949 to 2021, with the domestic production and import accounting for approximately half of this number, while the actual consumption was 374 Mt. The loss of aluminum during the life cycle was severe, and the volume of resources lost reached 239 Mt. 2) In 2021, the per capita aluminum social stock was 208.9 kg, which is consistent with that of North America and Japan in the same period of economic development. 3) From 1990 to 2021, the cumulative supply of secondary aluminum in China reached 77 Mt, of which 76.7% was produced in China. As aluminum-containing products reach their life and the future demand for these products continues to rise, the era in which aluminum-containing products being scrapped will gradually usher in. Therefore, it is suggested that the loss of aluminum be reduced at every stage from the perspective of its complete life cycle. Creating a rational layout of the recycled aluminum industry,improving the utilization of secondary aluminum, optimizing the aluminum supply structure, and promoting the low-carbon transformation of the aluminum industry will help achieve the ambitious ‘carbon neutral’ and ‘carbon peak’ targets.
With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the global lithium carbonate trade volume has gradually increased, but lithium exports are concentrated in a few countries, which means that certain risks exist in the global lithium carbonate supply. To deeply understand the evolution of the global lithium carbonate trade pattern and the transmission path of its supply crisis, we constructed a global lithium carbonate trade network and cascading failure model from 2000 to 2021, outlined the trade flow of major exporters and the evolution of their trade patterns, and simulated the avalanche scale, propagation path, and impact of different supply crisis sources.We found that:（1） The global lithium carbonate trade concentration has gradually increased over the past 20 years,the top three exporting countries have remained stable, the top importing countries have substantially changed,and the trade pattern has shifted from South America supplying the world to South America supplying East Asia.（2） The impact of the lithium carbonate trade supply crisis has gradually expanded, which has gradually become dominated by indirect transmission.（3） The impact of the supply crisis in Chile has gradually expanded to China,Japan, and South Korea, but it has had the strongest impact on Europe. Avalanche frequency in Argentina and China is increasing, as are their transmission times, while the opposite has been occurring in the United States of America. We combined the evolution of the trade pattern with the spread of the crisis and clarified the degree of influence and transmission path of the main global lithium carbonate trading countries: Chile, Argentina, China,Germany, etc., as the sources of the supply crisis. The above results can be applied to help maintain the stability of global lithium carbonate trade and help major trading countries to adopt corresponding measures to alleviate the supply crisis.
湖南省石炭系地层蕴藏着丰富的石英砂资源,对该地层序列的研究不仅有助于深入分析石英砂形成的古地理环境特征,而且结合构造背景的研究,可总结石英砂成因及分布规律,为我省硅产业发展所需原料的开发提供理论依据.为此,本文以李畋—王仙地区石炭系地层剖面及钻孔岩芯特征为基础,结合古地理背景,总结了本区的石炭系地层特征,认为石炭系地层具以下特点:(1)研究区位于醴陵—攸县断陷盆地的北部边缘地带,沉积了樟树湾组这套高成熟度石英砂岩;(2)本区石炭系总体经历了多次海退-海进的循环沉积过程,反映由陆架建设到碳酸盐台地的形成过程;(3)本区石炭系地层受地形条件控制及同生断裂的影响,其沉积差异明显.本研究对醴陵地区石炭系石英砂岩矿的开发具指导意义.
选用华北平原地区长时间序列的 HS1 钻孔,在对其沉积物主、微量元素含量、相关程度及地球化学指标分析的基础上对区内古环境变化、古气候演化进行了讨论.结果表明,自上新世晚期(3.50 Ma)以来HS1 钻孔所在区域经历了温暖湿润—温和偏湿—寒冷略干—寒冷干旱—温和偏干—温凉潮湿—温和偏干—温暖潮湿 8 个气候演化阶段,整体趋势由湿润变为干旱,这与孔内孢粉、碳-氧同位素和粒度记录具有同趋性.区域对比结果显示,重建长时间尺度内的气候变化,地球化学可作为孢粉的更优等效指标,短时间序列内的气候变化则以高分辨率的孢粉记录最优.区内整体处于陆缘弱氧化的沉积环境,且第四纪时期化学风化程度相较古土壤层发育的上新世晚期更弱.HS1 钻孔不同地质时期冲洪积物的元素地球化学组成的差异性,主要取决于其母质来源和搬运距离;具体表现为一方面与受地形地貌影响、一级构造调节转换带及次级构造单元控制的古水流有关,另一方面与受气候变化影响的沉积环境、水动力条件、化学风化和成土作用等有关.
Mineral resources are the material basis of human survival and development. So far, 173 minerals have been discovered by Chinese scientists. During this period, a large number of geological data and scientific research achievements have been formed. In this paper, the theoretical and methodological of metallogenic series and integrated geological based on the National Potential Evaluation project were summarized and formed, which is based on the theory of metallogenic series, metallogenic analysis and comprehensive information mineral prediction. The main contents were created the regional comprehensive information mapping, the comprehensive information prediction model and the quantitative prediction of mineral resources. The main method process is to construct the geological spatial database, delineate the types and work areas of mine prediction, compile the thematic prediction base map and comprehensive information prediction element map, construct the comprehensive information prediction model, and carry out the positioning and quantitative prediction of mineral resources. Finally, a case of gold deposit metallogenic prediction in the Xiong’ershan area provides a reference for mineral resources prediction.
彭阳铀矿位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘,是全球首例在风成沉积环境中发现的大型砂岩型铀矿,具有含矿层位深、砂体厚度大、铀矿品位高等特点.通过对彭阳铀矿地质特征、物源、铀源、铀矿物赋存状态、蚀变矿物、烃类流体参与成矿等方面进行研究,结合前人研究成果,系统总结了彭阳铀矿的成矿规律.综合研究表明,研究区深大断裂发育、拥有厚大砂体及稳定的"泥-沙-泥"结构,对铀成矿极为有利.同时,盆地西缘岩体可提供稳定铀源,浅层富氧含铀流体顺层流动、下渗,深部烃类流体沿断裂上升至洛河组,导致红色砂岩褪色蚀变,为铀成矿提供还原剂.中新世到更新世,构造活动引发了富氧含铀流体和深层含烃流体的耦合作用,形成了完整的"补-径-排"流体成矿系统,最终导致铀成矿.通过分析彭阳铀矿的成矿和控矿要素,进而建立了成矿模式,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘砂岩型铀矿找矿及其它地区相似地质条件下找矿勘查与研究具有重要指示意义.
Luxi region is an important rare earth base in China. Four rare earth mines（deposits） have been found and evaluated; namely, the large Weishan–Xishan rare earth mine, the Zaozhuang Xuecheng Guandi Temple rare earth mine, the medium Lanling Longbaoshan rare earth mine, and the Zibo Laiwu rare earth mine.The metallogenic series of rare earth deposits related to Late Yanshanian tectonic magmatism are determined based on recent research. According to the tectonic and magmatic conditions on which the formation of rare earth deposits depends, the deposit series was formed in the Mesozoic era and continued through the Late Yanshanian period. It is preliminarily divided into a rare earth ore forming subseries-a metallogenic sub series related to tectonic magma and magmatic hydrothermal, with a metallogenic age of （110±4.2） ～（134.9±1.8） Ma. Through an isotope study of Xishan rare earth ore and Hujiazhuang rare earth ore, 18 OV-SMOW in the calcite and ore body of Xishan rare earth ore was determined to be 8.2‰～9.1‰, δ13 C V-PDB is –7.5‰～ –7.1‰, and the ore-forming materials and alkaline magma may originate from the upper mantle. The C isotope of Hujiazhuang rare earth bearing carbonatite shows mantle source characteristics, and the O isotope falls between the marine carbonatite and the mantle carbonatite, showing the characteristics of marine carbonatite. Therefore, it is speculated that the calcite mineral has undergone a late transformation into a secondary mineral, as a result of the water rock reaction of the ore-forming hydrothermal solution and the wall rock. The source of the ore-forming materials of the two minerals has mantle source characteristics, and the source of the ore-forming materials is similar. In accordance with the metallogenic series theory, systematic prospecting work was conducted in the Xishan rare earth ore deposit with the goal of finding the Mesozoic Chishan alkaline complex. One super-large rare earth deposit was discovered, confirming that the western Shandong region has suitable prospecting potential.
With the arrival of the era of big data, the geological industry has cultivated and excavated big data as a new growth point. Taking the Mengyin diamond concentration area in Shandong Province as the research object, the deep integration of geological work and information technology is realized based on big data. Through data statistics, mining, insight and prediction, the analysis and integration of source, transport, storage, change, protection and other knowledge related to the mineralization system are conducted, The comprehensive extraction of multiple geological information in Mengyin area, the establishment of a multi index metallogenic geological information model for the diamond deposit in Xiyu mining area, the development of three-dimensional visual metallogenic prediction, and then the delineation of prospecting prospects. Explore the management, analysis and application of diamond big data and new technology and methods for metallogenic prediction, realize the mapping from geological big data to unit metallogenic advantage, quantitative prediction and definite probability analysis, improve the objectivity and intelligent level of metallogenic prediction, and promote new cognition of mineralization and new discovery of prospecting.
矿床成矿系列理论从 20 世纪 70 年代初开始提出,先后指导了我国胶东、南岭、秦岭等重要成矿省进行区域成矿规律研究,并进一步促进上述区域的找矿预测工作.实践经验证明该理论对于总结我国纷繁复杂的成矿规律具有实用性,其更加适合中国多旋回渐进式演化、多成矿域交汇的实际情况.随着信息技术的发展,将矿床成矿系列与综合信息找矿技术进行深度融合,将能更好地促进我国的矿产资源潜力评价工作.鉴于此,此次专辑依托于全国潜力评价项目、全国动态潜力评价项目和深部重点研发项目,收录15 篇成矿系列理论指导找矿预测应用论文,主要涉及不同矿种从区域小比例尺成矿预测到深边部的大比例尺预测的应用研究成果,旨在为新一轮找矿突破战略行动中找矿工作选区和部署提供技术与应用示范.
本文在江西省地质勘查基金项目十余年找矿成果的基础上,进一步阐述了江西钨锡成矿区(带)时空演化规律,建立了江南和南岭 2 条钨锡多金属成矿带,进而划分 9 条成矿亚带和 15 个矿集区;厘定了包括江南地块与燕山期Ⅰ型中酸-弱酸性斑岩有关的铜钨金钼矿床成矿系列等共 3 个成矿系列、与燕山晚期S1 型酸性花岗岩有关的钨锡钼银矿床成矿亚系列等 6 个成矿亚系列和朱溪式等 15 个矿床式;总结了 3 个钨锡多金属矿床成矿系列特征及成矿规律,剖析了朱溪、大湖塘、东坪、松树岗等找矿重大突破典型案例;提出了"异常指方向、标志定靶区、主攻新类型"的"面上选点"找矿预测及勘查思路,研发了"脉面层体"就矿找矿法的"点上突破"朱溪式"关键控矿要素识别勘查模型+地球化学元素示踪+地球物理三维反演+钻探"等快速、精准、高效探测技术组合的找矿方法,对江西钨锡矿找矿潜力进行评价分析,并提出下一步找矿建议.
胶东型金矿是不同于国际已知类型的独特金矿类型,深入研究其成矿系列有助于深化理解矿床成因和指导找矿.本文综合分析了胶东金(银)、有色金属矿床的类型、空间分布、形成时间和成因,划分了成矿系列,列举了应用成矿系列指导找矿的案例.将胶东地区早白垩世与壳幔混合岩浆活动有关的金矿床、金及多金属矿床和有色金属矿床划归为胶东型金矿成矿系列,进一步划分了 Au(Ag)矿床成矿亚系列(125～115 Ma)和Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo矿床成矿亚系列(118～110 Ma),认为两个成矿亚系列为连续发生、且有时间重叠的成矿事件.成矿系列理论有效指导了胶东地区的找矿工作,根据石英脉型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿的成因联系在玲珑金矿田发现了台上—水旺庄巨型金矿床,受胶莱盆地东北缘金矿床类型的启示发现了辽上黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿,在荣成有色金属成矿小区外围发现了大邓格金多金属矿床,根据五莲七宝山金铜矿床探明了敞沟—杏山峪银铅锌矿床.
卡林型金矿为华南低温成矿域重要的矿产.贵州为南盘江—右江卡林型金矿聚集区最重要的组成部分,是我国重要的金资源产地之一,其大地构造位处江南复合造山带西段.本文采用成矿系列理论研究方法,深入研究典型矿床特征,系统总结了卡林型金矿时空规律.建立了贵州卡林型金矿矿床式 10 个、成矿亚系列 5 个、成矿系列 3 个,建立了基于构造蚀变体的南盘江—右江卡林型金矿多层次构造滑脱成矿系统.建立了贵州卡林型金矿综合找矿预测模型,据此开展了区域成矿预测,圈定找矿预测区 24 个,明确贵州卡林型金矿找矿方向.
The northeastern of Hunan province is one of the important polymetallic（Au, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn, W） and rare-metal（Nb, Ta, Li） ore concentration areas in South China, the characteristics of spatio-temporal distribution between polymetal deposit and Yanshannian granites shows that the mineralization in the studying area have genetic relationship with granitoids. Based on previous studies, this paper hold that these deposits belong to one metallogenic series, that is polymetallic（rare-metal） ore-deposit minerogenetic series related to Yanshanian intrusion, which can be subdivided into six subseries of ore deposits. The Cu polymetallic deposit subseries（Ⅰ） associated with Early Yanshannian intrusive rocks, which is genetic realted to quzrtz porphyry orgined from Mantal-Crust interaction. The others deposit subseries（Ⅱ～Ⅵ） associated with Late Yanshannian intrusive rocks, are genetic realted to Lianyuanshan and Mufushan granitic batholith, which derived from partial melting of metasedimentary basement in an extensional tectonic setting. The Li-Nb-Ta rare-metal deposit subseries（Ⅱ） is pegmatite-type deposit formed by differentiation of two-mica monzogranite. The ore metals of the W polymetallic deposit subseries（Ⅲ） and Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit subseries（Ⅳ） were directly derived from the Mufushan granites. The ore-frrming material extracted from basement and tectonic reactivated when magma upwilling in the Lianyunshan area, supplied ore metals and migration channels for Co-Cu polymetallic deposit subseries（Ⅴ） and Au polymetallic deposit subseries（Ⅵ）. Based on regional metallogenetic and “absence prospecting” theroies, this paper argue that the southern region of Changsha-Pingjiang fault has excellent prospecting for Co-Cu deposits, and the northeastern of Hunan province showing good Au and rare-metal searchingprospects.
The Xiahe-Hezuo area of Gansu province has complex geological structures and abundant gold mineral resources, is an important metallogenic belt within the West Qinling Mountains. At present, a certain number of gold polymetallic deposits have been found in this area, and there is still a good prospecting potential of gold mineralization. Therefore, this paper uses the Xiahe-Hezuo area as a research area. Geochemical associations are quantitatively extracted by the method of compositional data analysis. Based on the geological structure and geochemical anomalies, multiple metallogenic information is integrated for building the mineral exploration model. And then, the Convolutional Auto-Encode network（CAE） method is used for regional gold resource prediction. Finally, 7 exploration targets are delineated. The result shows an excellent prediction performance（AUC=0.90）, and the targets deserve further research.
华南是我国花岗岩型铀矿主要产地.通过对华南地区不同类型花岗岩型铀矿区域地质背景、成矿作用特征、铀成矿机理以及控矿因素的综合分析,认为华南不同类型花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用具有相似性,铀成矿具有多期、多阶段特征,成矿物质铀主要来自富铀基底和花岗岩,成矿流体具有壳源和幔源流体成分.花岗岩型铀矿属于深源地幔流体和大气降水共同参与的复成因成矿作用的产物,断裂构造是最关键的控矿因素,受控于中新生代岩石圈伸展作用.在此基础上,构建了华南地区区域铀成矿模式和预测评价模型,预测了重点地区富大铀矿成矿远景区 4 片,基于 GOCAD 软件开展了书楼丘、鹿井、沙子江矿床三维地质模型构建和深部铀成矿预测,实现了"定型、定位、定深、定量"预测,为华南地区下一步铀矿找矿工作部署提供了科学依据.
Shandong Province is located in the east of China and has experienced a long history of geological evolution. It is divided into two main blocks of western Shandong and eastern Shandong. The geological and mineral characteristics have their own distinct characteristics. Among them, the iron ore-forming geological conditions in the area are superior, the genetic types are diverse, the deposits are widely distributed, and the resources reserves are abundant. It is an important iron ore development base in China. The purpose of this study is to summarize the geological and mineral data of the province, analyze the iron metallogenic regularity of the province from the aspects of stratigraphic ore-hosting, structural ore-controlling, magmatic ore-forming and geophysical anomaly prospecting, and further study the iron ore resource potential of the province. This study shows that the iron ore types in the province are divided into 14 ore deposit types, including Cangyi type, Laiwu type, Lianziwang type, Zhuya type, etc. The study on the metallogenic regularity of iron ore shows that each type of iron ore is controlled by geological structure evolution, strata, magmatic rock and structure; For example, in terms of strata ore-controlling, sedimentary metamorphic type and chemical sedimentary type are more prominent; in terms of magmatic rock ore-controlling, magmatic type iron ore is the most prominent; while contact metasomatic type iron ore is the result of the combined ore-controlling of strata, magmatic rock and structure. With the continuous advancement of deep prospecting, it is the focus of future exploration work to carefully summarize the geophysical anomalies prospecting, and the exploration of low slow magnetic anomaly area is the key to make great progresses. Based on the comparative analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of iron ore in the whole region and the study of metallogenic regularity, the metallogenic series of iron ore in the whole province are divided, and the comprehensive prospecting prediction model is summarized. The study establishes a comprehensive iron ore exploration technology system in the study area. The study has delineated 36 iron ore prospecting areas, including Cangyi iron ore prospecting area, Laiwu iron ore prospecting area, Zihe iron ore prospecting area and Laiyang West iron ore prospecting area; Among them, there are 15 sedimentary metamorphic type iron ores, 9 contact metasomatic type iron ores, 4 magmatic hydrothermal type iron ores and 8 magmatic type iron ores. There are 18 class A prospecting areas, 13 class B prospecting areas and 5 class C prospecting areas in the 36 iron ore prospecting area above. In the future exploration of various iron ore types, sedimentary metamorphic iron ore and contact metasomatic iron ore are the focus of future exploration. This study provides the deployment basis and exploration direction for the future iron ore prospecting work in the province.
There are three bauxite deposit types in Guangxi, they are sedimentary-diaspora type, accumulation-diaspora type and accumulation-gibbsite type. Considerable numbers of various bauxite types are medium-large-scale and the best ore quality is accumulation-diaspora type. The bauxite ore concentration areas of Guangxi are mainly contributed in western and central Guangxi, secondly in southwest Guangxi. Among them,most of high quality diaspora type bauxite deposits are contributed in two ore concentration areas:Napo-Jingxi-Debao and Pingguo-Tiandong-Tianyang. The accumulation-gibbsite type deposits are mainly contributed in ore concentration area of central Guangxi. A certain scale of deposits are contributed in Fusui-Longzhou ore concentration area, southwest Guangxi. In Guangxi, sedimentary-diaspora type deposits are controlled by coal measure strata of Heshan Formation, Upper Permian, and there later weathering products formed sedimentary-diaspora type deposits. While accumulation-gibbsite type deposits formed mainly in Quaternary laterite weathering of carbonate distribution area. There are two bauxite deposit series combinations in Guangxi, they are deposit series combinations separately related to sedimentation and related to weathering.Based on a unified national metallogenic prediction method, the authors forecasted bauxite resource potential of Guangxi and delineated 7 bauxite metallogenic prospect areas. The next prospecting will be focused on sedimentary-diaspora type deposits.
