In this paper, synthesis, characterization and application of the BiVTiO6 (BVTO) ceramic are studied. The preliminary analysis of XRD pattern at room temperature reveals the formation of stable solid solution with major phase of monoclinic crystal symmetry. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor was estimated to be 0.99, which confirmed the stability of the structure. The Williamson-Hall method was used to determine the average crystallite size, micro lattice strain and dislocation density, which are found to be 77 nm, 0.00126 and 1.68 & times; 10(14) m(-2), respectively. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the sample has a homogeneous pattern of grains with well-defined grain boundaries on the surface, which can play a role in enhancing conductivity. The average grain size, calculated using ImageJ software, was found to be 2.58 & micro;m. The sample exhibited a high agglomeration ratio of 33, indicating good microstructural quality and enhanced structural stability. The analysis of the dielectric properties as a function of frequency and temperature indicates that the dielectric dispersion is predominantly governed by the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization mechanism. The negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior is confirmed through impedance spectroscopy, while modulus spectroscopy reveals the presence of a non-Debye relaxation process. The study of resistance versus temperature over wide range of temperature attributes a characteristic of a PTC and NTC thermistor character, which also points to its possible use in temperature sensor equipment.
A novel Synthesis-Characterization-Performance Dielectric/Ferroelectric (SCP-DF) framework is proposed to fabricate phase-pure, nano-sized Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) via a hybrid Sol-Gel-Hydrothermal (SolHyd) route. This approach combines sol-gel homogeneity with hydrothermal morphology control, followed by calcination, sintering, and annealing to enhance crystallinity and refine microstructure. XRD and SEM confirm perovskite formation and optimized grains, while dielectric and P-E measurements demonstrate high permittivity, stable frequency response, and strong ferroelectric ordering. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional synthesis techniques and create phase-pure, nanoscale BaTiO3 and PZT with outstanding dielectric and ferroelectric properties, a unique hybrid Sol-Gel-Hydrothermal SCP-DF framework is suggested. Strong promise for improved electronics and energy-storage applications was demonstrated by the discovered materials' high permittivity (up to 4100), low dielectric loss (<0.02), decreased coercive field (1.5-1.8 kV/mm), and increased energy density (0.61 J/cm & sup3;). The SolHyd-SCP-DF method outperforms conventional syntheses, providing a scalable route for high-performance dielectric and ferroelectric materials. With crystallite sizes of 35-50 nm, the suggested SolHyd-SCP-DF technique achieves phase purity >99%, high dielectric permittivity (similar to 2900 for BaTiO3 and similar to 4100 for PZT), and low dielectric loss (similar to 0.018 and similar to 0.015, respectively). With saturation polarization of similar to 18 & micro;C/cm(2) (BaTiO3) and similar to 32 & micro;C/cm(2) (PZT), remanent polarization of similar to 9 and similar to 16 & micro;C/cm(2), decreased coercive fields (similar to 1.8 and similar to 1.5 kV/mm), and an increase in energy density from 0.45 to 0.61 J/cm & sup3;, the materials demonstrate strong ferroelectric performance.
