Multi-environment testing is needed to distinguish high yield from repeatable performance in the environmentally heterogeneous Kashmir Valley. We evaluated 20 coded maize hybrids across 12 location-year environments (six locations in 2024 and 2025) in randomized complete block trials with three replications. Plot-level grain yield was analyzed using fixed-effects ANOVA, AMMI and environment-centered GGE biplots. Environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction were highly significant (p < 0.001) and accounted for 41.96
‘Chakhao’, the black scented rice of Manipur, India, known for their mild, nutty taste and a special aroma turns a deep purple colour upon cooking due to high anthocyanin content. Traditional Chakhao are relatively low yielder, typically ranging from 2000 to 2500 kg/ha. The present study is the first ever attempt to breed HYV scented Chakhao variety in India by comprehensively evaluating with the WAASB and MGIDI ranking for the stability, performance of yield and yield-related traits alongside with Geographical Indication-related characteristics. A semi-dwarf and HYV, RC Manichakhao 1 has been developed offering a 56
Maize grain protein generally lacks adequate levels of lysine, tryptophan, and methionine, which limits its nutritional quality. While considerable research has focused on improving lysine and tryptophan content, information on methionine variability and its relationship with these amino acids remains limited. To address this gap, the present study evaluated 250 genetically diverse Indian maize inbred lines. The objective was to assess the extent of genetic variation in methionine content, examine its association with lysine and tryptophan, and identify genotypes possessing enhanced amino acid profiles. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant genetic differences among the inbred lines for methionine, lysine, and tryptophan content. Methionine content ranged from 0.034
Introgression of salinity stress tolerance in the background of popular adopted variety without altering its grain quality remains one of the major challenges. Seeds of premium-quality, long-slender early‑duration rice variety Satabdi (IET‑4786), widely cultivated specially in eastern India, were subjected to mutagenesis by irradiation with 300, 400, and 500 Gy γ‑rays. From 500 M₄ lines, 8 salinity‑tolerant mutant lines (SM‑1 to SM‑8) were selected based on seedling‑stage tolerance and confirmed in subsequent generation (M₆). Over the seasons, SM‑1, SM‑6, and SM‑8 exhibited tolerance (SES = 3), with higher survival, lower Na⁺, higher K⁺ concentration in shoots and lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratios than Satabdi. Rest of the lines also found moderately tolerant to tolerant. Under salinity stress at reproductive stage, the yield penalty in mutant lines was significantly declined as evidenced by higher (0.43–0.56) yield stability index as compared to Satabdi (0.22). As per the DUS descriptors, all the mutant lines exhibited complete morphological similarity with Satabdi, with an exception of panicle length character. Similarly, the premium grain quality of Satabdi was largely retained in mutant lines. Trait‑specific SNP genotyping confirmed substantial genetic similarity of mutant lines with the parent. SM‑1 and SM‑3 retained 96
