Laporan akhbar menggambarkan amalan organisasi dan amalan sosiobudaya-ekonomi-politik sesebuah masyarakat. Pengaruh amalan penerbitan dan amalan sosiobudaya-ekonomi-politik kepada akhbar selalunya sukar dilihat oleh pembaca yang hanya berpandukan teks berita. Amalan penerbitan boleh jadi lebih ketara dalam cara akhbar melaporkan suatu peristiwa berita, sementara pengaruh sosiobudaya-ekonomi-politik menjadi lebih jelas apabila peristiwa yang dilaporkan melibatkan konflik seperti ketegangan antara kumpulan atau ideologi. Pandangan ini mempengaruhi persoalan dan kaedah kajian yang diguna pakai dalam artikel ini. COVID-19 sebagai peristiwa berita ialah isu yang melibatkan masyarakat dunia. Persoalan timbul tentang pengaruh sosiologi organisasi dan latar sosiobudaya-ekonomi-politik terhadap strategi pelaporan yang terdapat dalam akhbar-akhbar di Malaysia. Oleh itu, empat akhbar – Berita Harian, The Star, Sin Chew Daily dan Makkal Osai – dipilih untuk meneliti pengaruh amalan organisasi dan pengaruh kemasyarakatan dalam pelaporan COVID-19 sebagai peristiwa berita. Dapatan daripada aspek output akhbar mengiakan pandangan bahawa amalan organisasi lebih jelas mempengaruhi penerbitan berita dan menjadi aspek yang paling ketara dapat dilihat. Sementara itu, pengaruh budaya, politik dan ekonomi tidak boleh diperjelas dengan hanya melihat maklumat angka dan ruang, sebaliknya memerlukan penelitian mendalam tentang teks berita yang dihasilkan.
Bahasa Arab ialah salah satu bahasa yang mengisi ruang pemanifestasian bahasa dan agama sebagai fenomena sosial di Malaysia, sekurang-kurangnya sejak tujuh abad yang lalu. Terdapat beberapa isu dan cabaran di sebalik pemanifestasian tersebut yang meninggalkan dampak yang besar khususnya terhadap pembentukan kefahaman, amalan dan identiti masyarakat Melayu-Islam sekarang. Makalah ini bertujuan membincangkan kedudukan bahasa Arab dari sudut sosiologi bahasa dan agama di Malaysia dan meneliti fungsi bahasa Arab dalam pembentukan kefahaman Islam dan identiti masyarakat Melayu-Islam di Malaysia. Isu yang dianalisis ialah islamisasi di Malaysia mulai 1981 hingga 2022. Data analisis ialah kajian dan tulisan yang menyokong dan menyanggah islamisasi di Malaysia sepanjang tempoh empat dekad tersebut. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa dari sudut linguitik, bahasa Arab mempunyai kedudukan yang unik dan istimewa di Malaysia; dari sudut agama pula, bahasa Arab ialah bahasa yang dimuliakan. Dapatan kajian juga memperlihatkan bahawa bahasa Arab mempunyai fungsi penting dalam pembentukan kefahaman, amalan dan identiti masyarakat Melayu- Islam di Malaysia. Pada masa yang sama, bahasa Arab melalui tempoh pasang surut, terutamanya respons yang ekstrem dan taasub terhadap islamisasi dalam kalangan beberapa kelompok masyarakat Melayu-Islam sehingga mencetuskan fenomena sosial bentuk baharu melalui kepesatan media sosial hari ini.
Pada awal tahun 2020, virus COVID-19 mula menular di China dan kemudian telah tersebar ke serata dunia. Masyarakat Malaysia mengikuti perkembangan pandemik di China dengan rapat menerusi pendapat awam. Artikel ini akan mengkaji laporan media terhadap langkah dan tindakan pencegahan dan pengawalan krisis wabak COVID-19 antara Malaysia-China dalam jangka masa dari Januari 2020 sehingga Disember 2020. Kajian ini menggunakan akhbar cetakan Berita Harian, Sinar Harian, Harian Metro, dan juga medium penyampaian berita dalam talian, iaitu Astro Awani dan Malaysiakini sebagai bahan kajian. Analisis tentang kandungan berita dan sumber berita yang diperoleh dilakukan bagi memahami ciri-ciri laporan media berbahasa Melayu terhadap pandemik COVID-19 dengan lebih mendalam. Kajian ini juga akan memberi pencerahan tentang kecenderungan laporan media terhadap China dan tanggapan masyarakat pembaca surat khabar berbahasa Melayu terhadap China.
Struktur keselamatan negara mengalami satu evolusi perubahan yang besar dengan perkembangan sektor kesihatan kini telah menjadi sebahagian daripada isu keselamatan negara. Majlis Keselamatan Negara (MKN) merupakan agensi penyelaras utama yang mengendalikan isu-isu keselamatan negara. Mengimbas kembali sejarah penubuhan MKN yang mula ditubuhkan pada 16 Mei 1969 sebagai Majlis Gerakan Negara (MAGERAN) rentetan berlakunya peristiwa perbalahan kaum pada 13 Mei 1969. MAGERAN ditubuhkan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan awam dan pertahanan negara. MAGERAN kemudiannya digantikan dengan MKN pada 23 Februari 1971 untuk menyelaraskan dasar yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan negara dan memberi arahan mengenai keselamatan. Dengan peredaran masa dan ancaman keselamatan kontemporari yang semakin berkembang dan pelbagai mengikut era, fungsi dan peranan MKN telah diperluas. Kini, dengan penularan pandemik COVID-19 di seluruh dunia termasuk Malaysia yang telah mengancam keselamatan negara serta menjadi isu keselamatan utama, MKN telah diberi mandat sebagai agensi penyelaras dalam menangani pandemik COVID-19. Artikel ini akan menerangkan tentang perkembangan dan evolusi fungsi dan peranan MKN dalam mengendalikan isu keselamatan negara bermula dari penubuhannya sebagai MAGERAN pada tahun 1969 sehingga tahun 2023. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa MKN berjaya menggalas tanggungjawab yang diberikan, namun perlu melakukan perubahan atau reformasi bagi menangani cabaran dan kelemahan yang wujud.
Manuskrip perubatan Melayu lama merekodkan kearifan lokal berkenaan ilmu sains kesihatan. Artikel ini merupakan salah satu rujukan yang berwibawa dalam memahami doktrin perubatan Melayu. Sirih (Piper betle L.) dan pinang (Areca catechu L.) merupakan antara gandingan materia medika yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakit manusia sejak zaman berzaman. Pada zaman yang serba moden ini, masyarakat Melayu kurang mengenali perubatan sirih dan pinang yang dipraktikkan oleh sesetengah masyarakat Melayu serta ahli-ahli perubatan Melayu lama yang arif dalam perubatan ini. Maka diharapkan dengan penulisan makalah ini, masyarakat Malaysia akan lebih cakna tentang nilai perubatan yang terdapat pada tumbuhan sirih dan pinang. Makalah ini akan membincangkan jenis-jenis penyakit dan kaedah rawatan yang menggunakan sinergi sirih dan pinang berdasarkan Kitab Tib yang telah ditransliterasi iaitu Kitab Tib MSS 3126, Kitab Tib MSS 2999 dan Kitab Tib Muzium Terengganu. Ketiga-tiga buah Kitab Tib tersebut dipilih berdasarkan penggunaan formulasi sinergi sirih dan pinang yang berbeza bagi setiap penyakit. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan sumber primer berpaksikan ketiga-tiga buah Kitab Tib tersebut. Melalui penelitian tersebut, terdapat pelbagai jenis penyakit yang dirawat dengan menggunakan gandingan sirih dan pinang serta materia medika yang lain. Antara penyakit tersebut termasuklah batuk, sakit ulu hati, demam, patah tulang, kayap dan beberapa masalah kesihatan yang telah menjadi norma dalam masyarakat kita pada hari ini. Oleh hal yang demikian, kajian-kajian saintifik perlu dirancakkan dan diuar-uarkan lagi agar keyakinan masyarakat moden terhadap perubatan sirih dan pinang dapat dibentuk.
Artikel ini meneliti sokongan sosial yang dihulurkan oleh Baitul Ilmi kepada mualaf atau dikenali juga sebagai ‘saudara kita’ yang berketurunan Iban dan Bidayuh di Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. Seramai 17 individu yang terdiri daripada pengasas dan pengurus Baitul Ilmi serta 15 saudara kita telah ditemu bual. Analisis tematik merumuskan bahawa Baitul Ilmi memainkan tiga peranan penting iaitu sebagai perantara, wadah dakwah dan ejen ukhwah. Selain itu, Baitul Ilmi turut memberi sokongan sosial seperti bimbingan agama, penganjuran aktiviti sosial dan riadah, bantuan kewangan dan kebajikan, pemerkasaan jati diri serta pemantapan emosi. Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan keberkesanan Baitul Ilmi sebagai kumpulan sokongan yang mendukung peranan agensi kerajaan seperti Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak dan badan dakwah lain dalam memberikan sokongan sosial kepada saudara kita di sekitar Kota Samarahan.
Aktor jaringan sosial berperanan penting untuk mempengaruhi kelestarian perniagaan. Aktor jaringan sosial seperti agensi kerajaan telah menyediakan pelbagai program dan bantuan bagi tujuan meningkatkan prestasi perniagaan. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak semua usahawan Melayu memanfaatkan sepenuhnya perkhidmatan sokongan perniagaan yang disediakan oleh pihak kerajaan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti aktor jaringan sosial, jenis-jenis hubungan jaringan sosial yang digunakan dan implikasi jaringan sosial terhadap kelestarian perniagaan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual mendalam ke atas 20 orang informan di negeri Terengganu, tinjauan literatur dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis menggunakan kaedah tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati dua aktor jaringan sosial usahawan Melayu yang terlibat iaitu aktor jaringan primer dan aktor jaringan sekunder. Kedua-dua aktor jaringan ini dikategorikan mengikut dua jenis hubungan jaringan sosial iaitu hubungan pertalian kuat dan hubungan pertalian lemah. Hubungan pertalian ini dibezakan mengikut tahap kekuatan pertalian antara usahawan Melayu dengan aktor dalam struktur jaringan sosial. Pembentukan struktur jaringan sosial usahawan Melayu melibatkan proses sosial yang kompleks seperti tempoh masa tertentu dan tindakan yang rasional. Jaringan sosial memberikan implikasi terhadap prestasi, produktiviti, perkembangan, daya saing dan kelestarian perniagaan. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan usahawan kecil dan sederhana Melayu perlu membina jaringan sosial yang menggunakan struktur sosial melalui kekuatan sosial dalam peringkat makro termasuk institusi sosial.
This article focuses on the era of Tunku Abdul Rahman’s administration during the Cold War period from 1957 to 1966. The main objective of this article is to analyse the role Tunku played in balancing Cold War pressures in the Federation of Malaya at the domestic and regional levels through the termination of the Emergency and the formation of the Federation of Malaysia, as well as through effective diplomacy. These circumstances relate to the efforts by Tunku as Chief Minister and later Prime Minister to ensure that the Cold War conflict created by the British in Malaya could be resolved. This article employs a qualitative approach based on archival document research, particularly the National Archives of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur and The National Archive (TNA) in London. Additionally, this study employed sources from the National Archives of Singapore and documents from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston, USA, as well as digital sources such as the Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) and the Department of State Bulletin. Finally, this article argues that Tunku’s leadership has managed to balance the pressures of the Cold War at the domestic and regional levels through emergency termination, the formation of the Federation of Malaysia, and effective diplomacy.
Artikel ini menghuraikan idea mengenai kepimpinan dalam kalangan Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) yang terdiri daripada Tentera Darat Malaysia, Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia dan Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia sebagai responden kajian ini. Dalam ketenteraan, pembentukan watak pemimpin memerlukan pengubahsuaian identiti seseorang yang pastinya sukar untuk diterapkan. Pelbagai program pembangunan kepimpinan telah direka dan dilaksanakan oleh pentadbir organisasi ketenteraan negara untuk melahirkan pemimpin yang berkualiti, cekap dan berkesan. Pemimpin yang dihasilkan perlu mempunyai karakter kepimpinan yang kuat dalam menjalankan tugas. Namun begitu, peningkatan kes salah laku dalam kalangan anggota tentera menggambarkan wujudnya krisis dalaman dalam kalangan mereka. Hal ini telah memberi kesan negatif terhadap usaha untuk melahirkan bakal pemimpin yang memiliki karakter kepimpinan profesional akibat terpalit dengan krisis salah laku. Justeru, pembangunan karakter kepimpinan perlu mengambil kira keseluruhan aspek dalam kehidupan seorang manusia. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mencadangkan model pembangunan karakter kepimpinan profesional dalam kalangan ATM. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif bagi menjawab objektif kajian. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah temu bual bersama kumpulan berfokus dan pengedaran borang soal selidik. Pendekatan tematik digunakan dengan membahagikan analisis kepada empat tema iaitu kepimpinan profesional, kandungan program, peranan jurulatih dan sokongan pengurusan. Seramai dua puluh lima responden yang terdiri daripada pegawai, jurulatih dan platun dalam kalangan ATM terlibat dalam temu bual, manakala seramai 300 orang responden dalam kalangan anggota tentera pelbagai peringkat terlibat menjawab soal selidik. Perisian SmartPLS digunakan bagi tujuan analisis data. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga elemen utama yang terdiri daripada kandungan kursus, peranan jurulatih dan sokongan pihak pengurusan merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi anggota tentera dalam memberi komitmen yang positif kepada organisasi. Komitmen positif terhadap organisasi inilah yang dipengaruhi oleh kepimpinan profesional yang dilatih melalui program pembangunan kepimpinan dalam organisasi ketenteraan. Justeru, model ini bermanfaat kepada Markas Pemerintahan Latihan dan Doktrin Tentera Darat, Jabatan Infantri serta Kementerian Pertahanan Malaysia dalam menambah baik sistem latihan secara holistik untuk anggota tentera di Malaysia.
The national security structure has undergone a major transformation with the development of the health sector has now become part of the national security issue. The National Security Council (NSC) is the primary coordinating agency for national security issues. Looking back on the NSC's establishment history, it was first established on 16 May 1969 as the National Movement Council (MAGERAN) to address the racial riot that occurred on 13 May 1969, as well as to improve public safety and national defence. MAGERAN was then replaced by NSC on February 23, 1971, to coordinate national security policies and issue security directives. With the passage of time and the emergence of diverse contemporary security threats, NSC's functions and roles have expanded. Over time, the NSC's roles expanded to handle diverse contemporary security threats. With the global COVID-19 pandemic posing a significant national security threat, the NSC has been tasked with coordinating the response. This article will explain the development and evolution of NSC's role and function in handling national security issues, from its establishment as MAGERAN in 1969 to 2023. The study found that NSC successfully carries out its responsibilities but needs to implement reforms to address challenges and inherent weaknesses.
Old Malay medical manuscripts record local wisdom regarding health science. This article is one of the authoritative references in understanding Malay medical doctrine. Betel (Piper betle L.) and areca nut (Areca catechu L.) are among the combinations of materia medica that have been used to treat human diseases for centuries. In this modern era, the Malay community is less familiar with betel leaf and areca nut medicine which is practised by some Malay communities and by older Malay medical experts who are knowledgeable in this medicine. Therefore, it is hoped that this article will make the Malaysian community more aware of the medicinal value of the betel leaf and areca nut plant. This article will discuss the types and methods of treating diseases using betel leaf and areca nut, based on the transliterated books Tib MSS 3126, Tib MSS 2999, and the Tib book of the Terengganu Museum. The method of content analysis in qualitative research was employed based on the three Tib books. The three Tib books were selected based on the use of different betel leaf and areca nut synergistic formulations for each disease. The findings indicate that several diseases were treated using betel leaf and areca nut combinations, accompanied by other medical materials. Among those diseases are cough, heartburn, fever, broken bones, shingles, and several others that have become the norm in today's society. Therefore, further scientific studies need to be intensified and publicised to strengthen public confidence in betel leaf and areca nut-based medicine.
This article describes leadership ideas among military personnel in Malaysia, including the Malaysian Army, Malaysian Air Force, and Royal Malaysian Navy, who served as respondents in this study. In the military, forming a leader's character requires modifying one's identity, which is certainly difficult to implement. Various leadership development programmes have been designed and implemented by the administrators of national military organisations to produce quality, efficient and effective leaders. The leaders need to demonstrate strong leadership character in carrying out their duties. Nevertheless, an increase in misconduct cases among military members reflects an internal crisis within the ranks. This statistic has had a negative impact on efforts to develop potential leaders with profesional leadership character, as a result of their involvement in the misconduct crisis. Therefore, the development of leadership character should be considered in all aspects of a person's life. The objective of this study is to propose a profesional leadership character development model among the Malaysian Armed Forces. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to address its objectives. The approach is interviews with focus groups and the distribution of questionnaires. The question is divided into four themes: profesional leadership, programme content, the role of the coach, and management support. Twenty-five Malaysian military personnel, including officers, trainers, and platoons, participated in the interview, while a total of 300 respondents from various levels of the military completed the questionnaire. SmartPLS software is used for data analysis purposes. The results of the study show that there are three main elements, which are course content, the role of trainers and management support, that are the important factors in influencing military personnel to give a positive commitment to the organisation. This positive commitment to the organisation is influenced by profesional leadership trained through leadership development programmes in military organisations. Thus, this model is beneficial to the Army Training and Doctrine Command Headquarters, the Infantry Department and the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in improving the training system holistically for military personnel in Malaysia.
This article examines the extent of social support provided by an independent social support group, Baitul Ilmi, to Iban and Bidayuh Muslim converts in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 17 respondents, comprising 15 Muslim converts of Iban and Bidayuh ethnicities, the founder, and an administrator of Baitul Ilmi, were interviewed. The thematic analysis reveals that Baitul Ilmi plays three main roles: a mediator, a platform for preaching, and a bonding agent. Besides that, Baitul Ilmi also offers social support, such as organising religious classes, social and leisure activities, providing financial and welfare assistance, empowering self-esteem, and offering emotional support. The findings of this study prove the effectiveness of Baitul Ilmi as a support group that assists the roles of government agencies such as Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak (JAIS) and other organisations in providing social support to Muslim converts in Kota Samarahan.
Islamic astronomy in Malaysia has developed into a well-organised discipline, supported by an ecosystem of universities, governmental institutions, observatories, and community organisations. However, Malaysia's potential to become a better player in Islamic astronomy on the global stage could be improved. This study examines the contemporary state of Islamic astronomy in Malaysia through literature review, site visits, and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to assess its potential and challenges. The results indicate that Malaysia possesses numerous institutional strengths, notably contributions from universities, the federal government's coordinating function, and the initiative-taking involvement of state mufti offices with their respective observatories. They have numerous significant achievements, including the nationwide implementation of Subh prayer and the establishment of the national crescent-sighting database and standard operating procedure (SOP). This demonstrates the nation's capacity to convert research into practical application that usable for general public. Nevertheless, there remains room for improvement, especially in fostering stronger collaboration among academic institutions, maximising the utilisation of research facilities, and expanding international engagement and visibility. Due to this issue, this study proposes a systematic national approach that integrates universities, religious authorities, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), drawing on insights from T & uuml;rkiye and Indonesia. This article examines how Malaysia could excel in domains such as big data applications, software development, and artificial intelligence. To establish itself as a global authority in this domain, Malaysia must enhance open data practices, rejuvenate local journals, and strengthen international-local research collaborations. This study provides a framework for enhancing Islamic astronomy in Malaysia, both domestically and globally.
‘Sarawakian’ identity continues to be a topic of active discussion both within Malaysia and internationally. While these debates have brought Sarawakians into the spotlight, there is a pressing need for a deeper understanding of the complex nature of Sarawakian identity, which is often limited by narrow perspectives. This article seeks to expand our understanding of how Sarawakians define and perceive the terms Sarawakian and Sarawakian identity. To explore this, we surveyed 311 participants from diverse backgrounds within Sarawak and used thematic analysis to identify key interpretations of these terms. Our analysis revealed 13 distinct themes. Participants defined Sarawakian in relation to culture, diversity, and heritage, while Sarawakian identity was linked to cultural pride and a strong connection to the region. Importantly, our findings highlight the multifaceted role of Sarawakian identity, not only as a tool for self-classification but also as a crucial aspect of participants’ collective identity. These insights are especially relevant given the growing ‘Sarawak for Sarawakian’ sentiment, which is fueled by ongoing calls for greater autonomy. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of Sarawakian identity, particularly in the context of recent political developments.
News articles reflect both the organisation's and the wider society's sociocultural, political, and economic practices. The influence of these practices is not always visible to the general public, and to varying degrees. Publication practices can be more visible in how newspapers report on certain news events, such as placement, article size and the type of sources. The sociocultural, political, and economic influences tend to be writ large when the news events reported involve issues of ideological differences or group conflict. These ideas will be explored, analysed and discussed in this article. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global event; therefore, questions may be raised on how organisation and society exert their influence on the way Malaysian newspapers report on COVID-19. Consequently, four newspapers Osai - were selected to examine how organisational and societal influences impinged on COVID-19 as a news event. Findings from the output perspective confirm the idea that organisational pressure exerted greater influence on the reporting of COVID-19 in Malaysian newspapers. Conversely, the nature of the pandemic makes it harder to distinguish the influence of sociocultural practices, whereas political and economic influences are more clearly identifiable as organisationally related. practices cannot be adequately understood by examining newspapers as physical entities alone. These factors can only be comprehended through deeper analysis of the news articles, withtexts positioned as the primary data.
Arabic is one of the languages that fill the space for the manifestation of language and religion as social phenomena in Malaysia, at least over the past seven centuries. There are several issues and challenges behind the manifestation, which have had a significant impact, especially on the formation of the Malay-Muslim community's understanding, practice, and identity today. This article aims to discuss the position of Arabic in the sociology of language and religion in Malaysia and to examine the Arabic language's role in shaping the understanding of Islam and the identity of the Malay-Muslim community in Malaysia. The issue analysed is Islamisation in Malaysia, from 1981 to 2022. The data analysis is based on previous studies and writings that support and refute Islamisation in Malaysia during these four decades. The findings show that from a linguistic point of view, Arabic has a unique and special position in Malaysia, and from a religious point of view, Arabic is a glorified language. The findings also showed that Arabic plays an important role in shaping the understanding, practice, and identity of the Malay-Muslim community in Malaysia. At the same time, there are ups and downs experienced by the Arabic language, especially extreme and fanatical (obsessive) responses towards Islamisation among some Malay-Muslim communities, triggering a new form of social phenomena, through the proliferation of today's social media.
In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began in China and quickly spread worldwide. Malaysian society closely followed the pandemic in China through public opinion. This article will examine the period from January 2020 to December 2020, as well as the following Malay-language print and online newspapers such as Berita Harian, Sinar Harian, Harian Metro, Astro Awani, and Malaysiakini. This article will discuss Malay-language newspapers' coverage of Malaysia and China's joint efforts to contain and control the pandemic. The method, content, and manner of reporting will be analysed better to understand Malay media's perception of the pandemic. Additionally, this article will help gain insight into Malay-language newspaper readers' knowledge and impressions of China.
