El consumo actual genera efectos negativos en el medioambiente, la sociedad y el bienestar personal. Desde la psicología, se ha estudiado el materialismo como uno de los factores que mantiene este sistema de consumo. Sin embargo, han surgido alternativas como el minimalismo, que promueve la reducción voluntaria del consumo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo adaptar al contexto español dos escalas: una de actitudes materialistas y otra de minimalismo del consumidor, siguiendo las directrices de la International Test Commission. Se realizó un muestreo por nacionalidad, sexo, intervalo de edad y estudios acordes a la población española, obteniendo una muestra final de 263 personas. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para ambas escalas, con los 7 ítems de la escala de actitudes materialistas y los 12 (más uno extra que se incluyó para comparar traducciones funcionaba mejor) de minimalismo del consumidor. Ambas mostraron la estructura interna esperada y buenos índices de ajuste. Para la obtención de evidencias de validez externas ambas escalas fueron comparadas con la escala de consumo socialmente responsable, encontrando que las actitudes materialistas están negativamente relacionadas y minimalismo del consumidor positivamente. Además, la relación entre la escala de actitudes materialistas y minimalismo del consumidor fueron igualmente negativas. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan evidencias favorables sobre las propiedades psicométricas de ambas escalas al contexto español.
El objetivo de este estudio es describir el perfil y la trayectoria de protección de un grupo de jóvenes que pasaron parte de su infancia en acogimiento residencial. Método: Se realizó un análisis de la información obtenida de la revisión de los expedientes de protección de 50 chicos y chicas. Resultados: El estudio reveló una disfuncionalidad grave en las familias de origen, siendo, por ejemplo, el 44% de las madres víctimas de violencia de género y el 20% de los chicos y chicas estudiados “institucionalizados de segunda generación”. Se evidenciaron trayectorias de protección caracterizadas por múltiples cambios de medidas, una alta incidencia de rupturas en los acogimientos y en las reunificaciones familiares establecidos y, en más de la mitad de los y las participantes, por estancias prolongadas en centros de protección. Conclusiones: Este estudio aporta datos que permiten analizar la intervención y la práctica profesional en el sistema de protección a la infancia y la adolescencia.
El uso de dispositivos móviles plantea interrogantes sobre su impacto en la salud mental y el bienestar emocional, especialmente en adolescentes, una población en pleno desarrollo emocional y social. Este estudio analiza la relación entre la ansiedad estado-rasgo, la nomofobia (miedo a estar sin móvil) y el FoMO (Fear of Missing Out, miedo a perderse experiencias en redes sociales), considerando género y edad. Se aplicó una metodología ex-post-facto con encuestas transeccionales (NMP-Q, FoMOs y STAI) a 205 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años en Cádiz. Los resultados muestran niveles moderados de nomofobia y FoMO, correlacionados significativamente con la ansiedad estado-rasgo, especialmente en mujeres. Además, el FoMO predice la ansiedad-rasgo. Esto subraya la importancia de programas de prevención y futuras investigaciones sobre estos fenómenos
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evidencia psicométrica de la Escala de Perseverancia (Grit Scale) en sus dos versiones, ya que son los instrumentos más ampliamente utilizados para medir este constructo. Se seleccionaron un total de 5417 estudiantes universitarios de Lima por conveniencia, con un primer grupo compuesto por 4417 estudiantes, en su mayoría mujeres (52.6%), cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 35 años. La estructura interna de ambas escalas se analizó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontró que la Grit-S era una medida más coherente y parsimoniosa (CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .08 [.07-.09]) que la Grit-O (CFI = .87, TLI = .84, RMSEA = .12 [.11-.13]); en ambas versiones, se corrobora parcialmente la existencia de un factor general que explica la varianza de los factores específicos CI y PE (Grit-O; LCS = .42; H = .84; FD = .87; Grit-S; LCS = .38; H = .73 y FD = .80). Con un segundo grupo (n = 1000), se encontró que las puntuaciones de la Grit-S presentaban correlaciones estadísticamente significativas con la autoeficacia académica (r = .45**), el optimismo (r = .40**), la mentalidad de crecimiento (r = .23**) y la mentalidad fija (r = -.23). La fiabilidad de ambas escalas fue aceptable. En conclusión, la Grit-S es una medida más confiable que la Grit-O, y se identificó la existencia de un factor general, lo cual es consistente con el modelo teórico subyacente al instrumento.
Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre la adherencia en el patrón de dieta mediterránea y el desarrollo de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, así como evaluar su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Método: Un total de 518 personas (61.20% mujeres y 38.80% hombres) completaron una encuesta online en la que se evaluaron diversas variables sociodemográficas y se incluyeron el cuestionario de Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea MEDAS y el DASS-21. Resultados: Existe una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre la adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea y el desarrollo de síntomas de depresión (r= -0.148, p < 0.001), ansiedad (r= -0., p < 0.001) y estrés ( r= -0.182, p < 0.001). Los resultados también pusieron de manifiesto una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea y las variables edad (r=0.176, p<0.001), género (X2= 7.25, p <.001) y frecuencia de actividad deportiva (r=0.315 p < 0.05). Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la dieta mediterránea tiene un efecto protector frente al desarrollo de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés.
El Síndrome de Burnout es una respuesta crónica a factores estresantes ocupacionales presentes en el ambiente laboral. La profesión de docente universitario ha sido considerada de riesgo para el desarrollo del síndrome debido a las exigencias presentes en su contexto laboral. La satisfacción con la profesión que mezcla aspectos afectivos y cognitivos puede reducir el Síndrome de Burnout. Así, el objetivo de la investigación fue verificar si la satisfacción con la profesión juega un papel mediador entre las exigencias laborales y el síndrome de burnout. La muestra de tipo no probabilística fue compuesta por 516 profesores universitarios que desempeñaban sus actividades en universidades brasileñas. Como instrumentos de investigación se utilizaron un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y ocupacionales, el Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI), las subescalas de demandas laborales del Cuestionario Psicosocial de Copenhague (COPSOQII) y un ítem de satisfacción con la profesión. Estos fueron respondidos online a través de una plataforma electrónica. Los resultados obtenidos a través del Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales identificaron que la satisfacción con la profesión desempeña un papel mediador positivo entre las demandas cuantitativas y emocionales y un mediador negativo entre las demandas cuantitativas y el síndrome de burnout. Los resultados indican la necesidad de intervenciones a nivel institucional e individual.
The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric evidence of the Grit Scale in its two versions, since they are the most widely used instruments to measure this construct. A total of 5417 university students from Lima were selected by convenience, with a first group made up of 4417 students, mostly women (52.6%), whose ages range from 16 to 35 years old. The internal structure of both scales was analyzed by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. The Grit-S was found to be a more coherent and parsimonious measure (CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .08[.07-.09]) than the Grit-O (CFI = .87, TLI = .84, RMSEA = .12[.11-.13]); in both versions the existence of a general factor explaining the variance of the specific factors CI and PE was partially corH = .73 and FD = .80). With a second group (n = 1000), it was found that the Grit-S scores presented statistically significant correlations with academic self-efficacy (r = .45**), optimism (r = .40**), growth mindset (r = .23**), and fixed mindset (r = -.23). The reliability of both scales consistent with the theoretical model underlying the instrument.
Current consumption patterns have negative impacts on the environment, society and personal well-being. From a psychological perspective, materialism has been identified as a key factor sustaining this system of consumption. In contrast, emerging approaches such as minimalism advocate for the voluntary reduction of consumption. This study aims to adapt two scales to the Spanish context: a scale of Materialistic Attitudes and a scale of Consumer Minimalism, following the guidelines of the International Test Commission. The sample (N = 263) was obtained through quota sampling by nationality, sex, age group, and educational level to reflect the Spanish population. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out for both scales: Materialistic Attitudes (7 items), and Consumer Minimalism (12 items, plus an additional item used for translation comparison). Both scales showed good fit indices with respect to the proposed internal structure. As evidence of validity based on relations with other variables, both scales were correlated with the Socially Responsible Consumption scale. The analyses revealed a negative association for materialistic attitudes and a positive association for consumer minimalism. Moreover, materialistic attitudes and consumer minimalism were negatively related to each other. The results obtained provide favourable evidence on the psychometric properties of both scales in the Spanish context. Overall, the findings provide robust evidence for the reliability and validity of both scales in the Spanish context.
The use of mobile devices raises questions about their impact on mental health and emotional well-being, particularly among adolescents, a population undergoing crucial emotional and social development. This study examines the relationship between state-trait anxiety, nomophobia (fear of being without a mobile phone), and FOMO (fear of missing out, i.e., fear of missing out on social media experiences), considering gender and age. An ex-post-facto methodology was applied with cross-sectional surveys (NMP-Q, FOMOs, and STAI) to 205 adolescents aged 12 to 16 in C & aacute;diz. The results show moderate levels of nomophobia and FOMO, significantly correlated with state-trait anxiety, especially among females. Additionally, FOMO predicts trait anxiety. These findings highlight the need for prevention programs and further research on these phenomena.
Burnout syndrome (BS) is a chronic response to occupational stressors present in the work environment. The university teaching profession has been considered at risk for the development of this due to the inherent work demands. Job satisfaction in a profession that combines affective and cognitive states can reduce burnout syndrome. Thus, the objective of the research was to verify whether job satisfaction plays a mediating role between demand and burnout syndrome. Some 516 university professors from Brazilian universities comprised the non-probabilistic sample. We used a sociodemographic and occupational data questionnaire, the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI), job demand sub-scales of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSO-QII), and a profession satisfaction item as research instruments. These were answered online through an electronic platform. The results show that quantitative and emotional demands reduce satisfaction in the profession, contributing to the development of burnout syndrome, while cognitive demands improve job satisfaction, reducing the syndrome. The results indicate a need for interventions at both institutional and individual levels.
The aim of this study is to describe the profile and protective trajectory of a group of youths who spent part of their childhood in residential care. Method: a documentary analysis was conducted based on a systematic review of the child protection case files of 50 children. Results: the study revealed substantial dysfunction within the families of origin-44% of mothers had experienced gender-based violence, and 20% of the children belonged to a second generation previously involved with the child protection system. The protective trajectories of the youths studied were characterised by multiple changes in the protective measures implemented, an elevated incidence of breakdowns in established foster care and family reunifications. More than half of the participants remained in prolonged stays at residential care. Conclusions: "over the last decades": This study provides data that enables the analysis of professional practice over the last decades within the child protection system.
Openness in adoption encompasses both communicative openness regarding the child's origins and structural openness within the legal framework of open adoption. This study aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of professionals working in the field of adoption regarding these dimensions of openness. The sample consisted of 22 adoption professionals who shared their experiences through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, employing an inductive approach at the semantic level, which revealed three themes: openness and communication in adoption, contact and open adoption, and interventions that foster openness. The findings highlight the strengths of families, particularly their commitment and involvement, as well as some persistent challenges and the need to work with the entire adoptive triad, especially within the legislative context. The fundamental role of professionals within this framework is highlighted, emphasizing the need for enhanced training to improve their practice. The findings of this study contribute to the current understanding of openness in adoption and open adoption, along with the benefits and challenges. Despite the advantages, open adoption is a complex and dynamic process that is not without difficulties, that involves both the members of the adoption triad and the professionals who accompany them.
Secure base leadership, grounded in attachment theory, emerges as a novel approach to comprehend and enhance leader-subordinate interactions, establishing significant links with other psychosocial constructs within the organizational context. Specifically, this study empirically explores the positive relationship between secure base leadership and followers' work engagement, as well as the negative relationship between secure base leadership and intention to leave the organization, both directly and as mediated by identification with the work team. A total of 483 employees (59.4% female; M = 36.9 years, SD = 11.5) completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was performed using partial least squares analysis. The results indicated that identification with the team partially mediates the relationships between secure base leadership and the two individual variables considered: work engagement and turnover intention. Secure base leadership constitutes a type of job resource that can enhance positive work outcomes, such as engagement, while preventing negative outcomes, such as turnover intention. Therefore, secure base leadership plays a crucial role in employee well-being.
This work aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy (RESE) questionnaire in the Spanish adolescent population, study the relationships between emotional self-efficacy and emotional regulation, and to observe differences according to age. Some 703 adolescents participated: 351 male (49.9%) and 352 female (50.1%) between the ages of 15 and 18 (M = 15.86, SD = 0.30), with 49.6% in compulsory secondary education and 50.4% studying for the baccalaureate. Two questionnaires were administered. Firstly, the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy (RESE) questionnaire, which measures positive emotion self-efficacy (POS) and negative emotion self-efficacy, divided into anger management self-efficacy (ANG) and discouragement management self-efficacy (DES). Secondly, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), which addresses cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results explore structural validity through a comparative analysis between four models with one, two, three and four factors. Convergent and discriminant validity confirms the relationships of cognitive reappraisal and positive and negative emotions. The differential analysis based on age shows significant differences between middle adolescence and late adolescence in self-efficacy of positive and negative emotions and in cognitive reappraisal. It does not show significant differences in expressive suppression. Configural invariance of the instrument was confirmed, however, metric invariance was not. It is concluded that the RESE scale is an effective instrument for measuring self-efficacy of positive and negative emotions in adolescence. Adolescents better-able to manage emotions focused on the antecedent of the emotional experience (cognitive reappraisal) are more likely to perceive themselves as effective in managing positive and negative emotions. The results are discussed and related to previous research.
In recent years, numerous studies have examined the relationship between problematic smartphone use and resilience, yielding varying results. We conducted this meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in five online databases: PsychINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Pro-Quest Dissertation & Theses Global. A total of 25 studies (n = 81.263) met our inclusion criteria. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson's r coefficients with Fisher's Z-transformation. The results showed a negative association between problematic smartphone use and resilience (r =-.26, 95%CI [-.31,-.20]), without evidence of publication bias. The association between the two variables was not moderated by the sex and age of the participants nor by the year of publication or the methodological quality of the studies. The high level of heterogeneity observed suggests that other factors are likely to act as significant moderators. Future interventions should take into account the role of resilience as a protective factor against problematic smartphone use.
The objective of this study was to identify the degree of influence of bullying and cyberbullying on emotional regulation difficulties (ERD) in a sample of adolescents from Ecuador. A descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and cross-sectional design using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques was used. The study included 384 adolescents (44% female and 56% male) between the ages of 14 and 19 (M = 15.7, SD = 4.4) and students from nine educational centers in two cities in Ecuador. The results reported that the presence of bullying or cyberbullying victimization is low, levels of ERD are moderate, and a lack of emotional clarity is the most affected factor. Bullying, cyberbullying, and ERD are positively correlated with each other, both slightly and moderately. Furthermore, bullying and cyberbullying explain 21.5% of the variance changes in ERD, making this model an adequate structural fit. It is concluded that bullying and cyberbullying are significant predictors of emotional regulation difficulties in Ecuadorian adolescents. This study provides an innovative approach by integrating both forms of victimization into a single explanatory model, something that has not been addressed in previous research in the region. At a practical level, the findings allow for updating the mapping of psychoemotional risks in school settings and guide the design of comprehensive preventive interventions in both educational and mental health settings.
Social relationships promote psychological well-being, and quality of life in adulthood and old age. However, these networks can deteriorate due to stress, strain and the loss of loved ones during ageing. Older women, in particular, face additional challenges related to life expectancy and gender inequality, which increase the risk of loneliness. This study focuses on describing the social ties of women over 50 in structured groups. The sample included 30 women aged 51-84 who were interviewed regarding their participation in structured women's groups. The results show that all participants consider the presence of their group members to be vital, highlighting a variety of functions that those women have within those groups. These relationships, characterized by solidarity and mutual support, have a positive impact on the participants' lives, facilitating the management of experiences related to ageing. The findings confirm that formal activity groups have a positive influence on older women's lives, supporting the formation of friendships that help to cope with negative experiences associated with ageing. These bonds provide emotional and instrumental support that is essential for well-being. This study highlights the importance of friendships in old age and the need to develop community interventions that mitigate the loss of significant relationships at this stage of life.
The study of emotional intelligence in teams within organizations has become a relevant topic due to its role in fostering trust and cooperation, improving group identity, and enhancing team performance. However, there is still a scarcity of studies focused on explaining its relationship with more affective and socially important group outcomes, equally crucial for assessing team effectiveness. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of emotional intelligence in teams within organizations, focusing on its role as an emerging collective construct and its mediating function in the team's affective processes. Additionally, it aims to examine how transformational leadership impacts the development of emotional intelligence in teams and how this affects team cohesion and member engagement. A multilevel design was used for the study, involving a sample of 726 players (grouped into 66 soccer teams) and 66 leaders, coaches from three Andalusian provinces. The results showed that the emotional intelligence of soccer teams positively influenced individual engagement levels and team cohesion. Likewise, the leader's transformational leadership positively influenced the development of the emotional intelligence of the teams they lead. The team's emotional intelligence proved to be a mediator in the relationship between the leader's transformational leadership and team cohesion, as well as the level of member engagement.
Homework is one of the most controversial educational issues. From the family perspective, the debate on its functionality is tirelessly opened due to the negative consequences it can cause, stress among them. This feeling was heightened in parents during a time of confinement in which they had to cope with different responsibilities. The aim of this study was to analyze parental perception of school tasks during confinement according to the degree of stress experienced in their performance, establishing as a hypothesis that those who have a high level of stress will have a worse evaluation in this respect. Thus, an inferential, cross-sectional (ex-post facto) and quantitative design was established. A total of 1787 families nationwide participated in the completion of an ad hoc questionnaire under a simple random probability sampling with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The results determine that families with higher stress identify more difficulty, quantity, obstacles and changes, while those with lower stress levels find that school tasks trigger more benefits and children with better competence for their performance. Thus, the importance of the support of the educational center and teachers in the performance of homework at home is emphasized, so that homework becomes a real resource in support of learning and not an element that triggers stress. In addition, for their contribution, teachers also have to rethink the meaning of homework, together with the time involved, and provide it with a of that its execution.
Currently there is a notable concern about the influence that social media has on young people. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between risky eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, and anxiety with the use of social media. A sample of 144 participants residing in Spain was included, with 53 being males (36.8%) and 91 being females (63.2%), with a mean age of 23 years (SD=3.15). The study employed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Social Media Addiction Test (TARS), and two ad-hoc questionnaires for sociodemographic data and information about the type of social media platforms used, frequency, and types of content. The results obtained show a higher frequency of use among young people for WhatsApp, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. Relationship analyses showed that risky eating behaviors, body image concerns, state anxiety and social media addiction were positively and significantly related in girls, but not in boys. Additionally, both boys and girls who were more concerned about their body image reported feeling bad when exposed to accounts showcasing "perfect" bodies and tended to compare their own bodies to those of others. Therefore, it is important to consider the relationship between social media and the emergence of body image dissatisfaction, symptoms related to eating disorders, and anxiety in young people.
