A full term she buffaloes at third parity was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Gannavaram with a history of dystocia. Clinical examination revealed presence of three limbs and the abdominal viscera of the fetus hanging out of the vulva. Detailed obstetrical examination revealed that dilatation of cervix was complete with presence of supernumerary hindlimbs in the birth passage. The birth canal was lubricated and a deformed dead male fetus with pygomelia and schistosomus reflexus was delivered by mutation and traction.
The one-month trial incorporated during the summer season included twelve healthy lactating Murrah buffaloes equally divided into two groups. Drinking water previously cooled in earthen pots was offered to the experimental group, and the control group was given water available on the farm. The milk yield, serum cortisol, serum cholesterol, pulse and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, and water consumption in both groups were regularly quantified. Significant differences were found in the milk yield and serum cholesterol concentrations, and highly (P<0.01) significant variations were discerned in the serum cortisol concentrations, water consumption, pulse and respiratory rates, and rectal temperature. This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of offering precooled drinking water on lactating buffaloes studied physiological parameters during the summer. It further demonstrated that this heat stress management technique which is easy to emulate and is decidedly economical, also facilitated an increase in the milk yield.
Dermatophilosis is prevalent in tropical countries and has higher incidence during high humidity and rainy season. In the present case report, a six years, non-pregnant buffalo was referred to University Clinic with the history of nodular skin lesions for one month on the entire body surface. The lesions observed on dorsum were mainly crusts and scabs and ulcers on foot. Tick infestation was also noticed. Based upon the history, clinical signs and appearance of lesions, the case was tentatively diagnosed as dermatophilosis ormite infestation or cutaneous form oftheileriosis. Deep and superficial skin scrappings and blood smear examination was performed to confirm the disease. The skin scrappings under microscopy was found negative for mites. No haemoparasites were observed on examination of blood smear. Skin scraps were kept in normal saline solution overnight followed by Giemsa staining and examination revealed typical railroad appearance structure of Dermatophilus congolense. On the basis of typical morphology of bacterium, the case was diagnosed to be of dermatophilosis. For the therapeutic management of Dermatophilosis inj. oxytetracyline 10 mg/Kg intravenously for five days followed by lomg actiong oxytetracyclin for two weeks. Animal showed marked improvement after 14 days of therapy with complete clinical recovery after 20 days with the disappearance of scabs and crusts with no remission fo signs was observed for next 3 months.
Nili-Ravi buffaloes are precious black gold of Pakistan yield lot of milk with pleasant attributes (Mirza et al., 2023). The period of milk production has strong ties to milk yield in the whole lactation (Bashir et al., 2025). The present study on four buffalo herds underlined interdependence of the two traits. The Least Square Linear Regression of total milk yield per lactation (LMY) with lactation length (LL) exhibited significant (P<0.001) interrelationship between LMY and LL where LL predicted LMY through 124.56+0.7402 & times;LL. The regression lines for four herds presented similar prediction equations of LL for LMY (1119.04+0.9423 & times;LL, 1375.08+0.0258 & times;LL 1252.67+1.2790 & times;LL, and 2665.35-0.0755 & times;LL, respectively). Regression lines for buffaloes in various parities appeared to have variable regression coefficients and intercepts being typical and atypical in nature. Bartlett's test for equality of variances showed differences of significant nature. In overall, it was profound to know the behavior of these two variables was nearly the same in different situations with slight differentiation. It would suggest that linear relationship can be applied in fitting regression lines for prediction purposes without considering the homogeneity in this animal genetic resource.
Buffaloes are the main milk producing units of India and are the backbone of Indian milk industries. Due to their significant contribution to reasonably priced and nutrient-dense animal protein, which will assist address global nutritional security, the demand for wholesome buffalo food items is still rising worldwide. Early estrus identification is one of the most crucial factors for buffaloes to reproduce more successfully. Buffaloes are seasonal polyestrous breeders and silent heat animals. This review article aims to highlight the importance of traditionally available methods and the non-invasive methods which are being attempted to detect estrus in buffaloes keeping in view the various factors influencing the estrus cycle and visualizing the molecular events associated with the ovarian physiology leading to the estrus cycle. Detection of silent estrus with the combinatorial use of traditionally available methods only may be difficult to identify individual animal in estrus by the farmer alone. Interventions in existing management practices can manifest estrus nicely. Many non-invasive methods/ assays/ tools to aid estrus detection have been attempted, but none have been proven efficient or reliable to be used at the field level by the small and/ marginal farmers. Therefore, a detailed study of the multiple factors influencing the estrus behaviour, reproductive endocrinology and expression of genes associated with molecular pathways related to estrus is required. This may in turn pave the way for not only the identification of new molecules related to estrus behaviour but also enhances the efficiency of non-invasive methods to detect estrus in buffaloes.
The present study was conducted on 5 Murrah buffalo bulls of Central Semen Station, Anjora, Durg. The objective was to analyze the semen properties, semen evaluation after thawing and effect of incubation in frozen thawed semen in Murrah bulls that are in recovery phase of gossypol poisoning. 20 semen ejaculates in total were taken (4 ejaculate from each bull) for the study. Seminal attributes recorded during the recovery period were compared with the data available in Central Semen Station (CSS), Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh for the period of poisoning and before poisoning. The average values of fresh semen trait in fresh semen during recovery period viz. semen volume (mL), sperm concentration (millions/mL), progressive initial sperm motility (%), live sperm (%), intact acrosome (%), total sperm abnormalities (%), hypo osmotic swelling (HOS %) and sperm penetration distance (SPD-mm) were 2.94 +/- 0.70, 1455.03 +/- 109.69, 72.50 +/- 1.38, 79.60 +/- 1.13, 77.93 +/- 0.95, 16.45 +/- 0.44, 59.00 +/- 0.89 and 27.35 +/- 0.62, respectively. There was no significant difference between the ejaculate volumes and sperm concentrations of Murrah bulls before the period of gossypol poisoning, during poisoning and during the recovery period. Progressive motility significantly declined (P<0.01) during poisoning period. There was no significant difference between the live sperm percentage and per cent normal acrosome before-poisoning and during the recovery phase while the per cent total abnormalities were significantly higher (P<0.05) during recovery period as compared to the before toxixity period. After freezing, the mean values of progressive sperm motility (%), total morphological sperm abnormalities (%), intact acrosome (%), HOS reactive (%) and SPD (mm) were 47.00 +/- 1.05, 18.70 +/- 0.39, 61.35 +/- 1.05, 51.55 +/- 0.66 and 21.60 +/- 0.43, respectively.
Hernia development is a common abdominal wall condition observed in calves, frequently manifesting in the umbilical region. This innovative biological dermoid scaffold is considered superior because of their inherent ability to combat infections through the release of antimicrobial peptides and non-complement fixing antibodies. The Division of Surgery at ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, has pioneered the development of bioinspired-bioactive dermoid scaffolds, as an initiative aimed at addressing hernias in large animals. The in vitro evaluation of the scaffold included crucial parameters such as H and E staining, SEM evaluation, and scaffold-cell interaction. Histocompatibility, cyto-toxicity, cell attachment, and proliferation of the seeded scaffolds were assessed using DAPI staining, along with an examination of porosity and density. All cases share a common history of a large swelling in the abdominal region. Physical examination, palpable hernial ring was identified followed by USG examination leading to the diagnosis of a large ventral hernia. Hematobiochemical analysis indicated a slight metabolic alkalosis, along with mild anaemia and azotaemia. Subsequent exploratory laparotomy was performed, to address the large abdominal defect, we decided to repair it using an allogenic dermoid graft in an overlaid fashion. Postoperative care included a 7-day course of antibiotics, analgesics, and antihistamines. All buffaloes in the study exhibited uneventful recovery, with no recurrence observed during the 5-month follow-up period. No reports on treatment of large abdominal wall defects with dermoid graft reported, which prevent reoccurrence of hernia. This study marks for the first time, where we outline the successful closure of a hernia in clinical cases.
This investigation aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of uterine lavage, levamisole, PGF2 alpha, and their combinations in managing 36 subclinical endometritic repeat breeder buffaloes at the Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, and the State Veterinary Hospital in the surrounding regions of Kumarganj. Thirty-six repeat breeder buffaloes were randomly and evenly allocated into six Groups A (positive control), B (uterine lavage), C (Levamisole), D (PGF2 alpha), E (uterine lavage plus Levamisole), and F (uterine lavage plus PGF2 alpha). The recovery rate in descending orders was noted as 83.33, 83.33, 66.67, 66.67, 50, and 33.33% in Groups F, E, D, C, B, and A, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding conception rates were 66.67, 66.67, 50.00, 50.00, 33.33, and 16.67% Groups F, E, D, C, B, and A, respectively. The recovery rate was significantly higher in Groups E and F; lower in Group B, and intermediate in Groups C and D, as compared to the control. Similar trends were also observed in conception rate. In conclusion, the uterine lavage, along with levamisol or PGF2 alpha, is equally effective in the treatment of endometritis in buffaloes.
The present study was conducted during March 2014 to August 2014 on eighteen non descriptive buffalo calves ranging from 6 to 8 months to evaluate the clinico-physiological response of bupivacaine alone and in combination with xylazine and pentazocine for lumbar epidural anaesthesia. All the animals were subjected clinical examination before the start of anaesthetic study and the base values (0 minutes) for physiological parameters and ruminal movement were recorded as reference. The animals were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group viz. A, B and C on the basis of anaesthetic drugs used. In Group A-Bupivacaine alone 0.15 mg/kg, in Group B-Bupivacaine 0.15 mg/kg and Xylazine 0.05 mg/kg and in Group C-Bupivacaine 0.15 mg/ kg and Pentazocine 0.5 mg/kg respectively, were administered at lumbar epidural space. The animals were observed by various clinical and physiological parameters. The clinical observation revealed an early onset of analgesia was in Group B followed by Group C and Group A. The depth of analgesia and areas of desensitization was deeper and better in Group B followed by Group C and then Group A. Motor incoordination showed earlier in Group B and C as compared to Group A. The score for onset of sedation was earlier in Group B animals as compared to Group A and C. Maximum duration of analgesia was recorded in animals of Group B followed by animals of Group C and Group A. Group B showed a significantly (P<0.01) late recovery as compared to Group C and Group A. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in heart rate and respiration rate in all the groups. Rectal temperature and ruminal movements showed decrease in Group A and C whereas significant (P<0.05) decrease in Group B. The transient changes in physiological parameters were compensated within 24 h. It is concluded that bupivacaine alone and in combination with xylazine and pentazocine can be used safely for lumbar epidural anaesthesia in buffalo calves.
This study compared the effectiveness of CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release)-PGF2 alpha protocol in terms of the duration of CIDR placement for the treatment of anestrus in buffaloes during low breeding season. Anestrous Murrah-cross buffaloes were randomly assigned to two Treatment groups. In Group 1 (T1, n = 15), a CIDR was inserted intravaginally for 7 days, while in Group 2 (T2, n = 15), the CIDR was inserted for 9 days. Each buffalo in both groups received an injection of a PGF2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol (500 mu g), 24 h before CIDR removal. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed twice, at 60 and 72 h after CIDR removal. Ovarian cyclicity status during CIDR insertion and the size of the corpus luteum (CL) on 7th day after AI were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Body condition score (BCS), endoparasitic infection, anemic score, suckling status and lactation stage were recorded. Pregnancy was diagnosed two months after AI. No significant differences were found between two Treatment groups regarding estrus induction, ovulation and pregnancy outcomes. The overallestrus induction, ovulation and pregnancy rates were 81%, 93% and 26%, respectively. The ovarian cyclicity status at CIDR insertion affected the ovulation and pregnancy outcome. Additionally, the size of CL one week after AI had an influence on pregnancy outcome (P=0.03). In conclusion, the ovarian status at CIDR insertion and the CL size one week after AI, but not the duration of CIDR placement, influenced the success of CIDR-PGF2 alpha protocol in treating anestrus in buffaloes during low breeding season.
The uterine prolapse is a common obstetrical complaint in cattle and buffalo which is subsequently affects productive and reproductive performance of dairy animals. A 3-yearnulliparous non-descript buffalo having the history of normal parturition two days back and the condition of huge prolapse mass hanging from the vagina. On gynecological examination it was diagnosed as total uterine prolapse. The huge prolapse mass was repositioned manually and applied vulval tape retention suture. It was efficiently clinically managed with maintained increase feeding frequency in succulent fodder. The animal was uneventfully recovered without any complications.
The study includes certain blood biochemical constituents in the three groups of Marathwadi buffaloes. Group 1: First lactation (10 animals). Group 2: Second lactation (10 animals). Group 3: Third lactation (10 animals), urea, total lipid, decreased as the lactation number increased. Rations of blood total observed that the urea, is higher concentration in blood. Whereas the total lipids, calcium, phosphorus and potassium have higher concentration in milk as compared to blood.
The effects of shatavari root powder supplementation during prepubertal period on growth and reproductive performance was studied in Murrah buffaloe heifers. Twelve Murrah heifers with an average age of 18.5 +/- 0.77 months and with an average body weight of (220.05 +/- 7.11 kg) were randomly divided in two groups. Six Murrah heifers as Control group, while another six Murrah heifers served as a Treatment group which is supplemented with shatavari root powder 100 mg/kg live body weight once in the morning during experimental period. The body weight gain Treatment group in the present investigation was significantly (P<0.01) higher than the heifers of Control groups. The average daily weight gain of heifers in Treatment group was statistically (P<0.05) higher than untreated Control group. However, DMI as a percent of live body weight showed statistically significant (P>0.05) in Treatment than Control group. The difference in age at puberty between Control and Treatment groups was found to be significant (P<0.05). Whereas the difference in age at sexual maturity among between Control and Treatment group was found be significant (P<0.05). The difference in age at age at first conception among the group was found be significant (P<0.05). It was concluded that prepubertal period supplementation of shatavari significantly improves the body weight and reducing the age at puberty, in Murrah buffalo heifers.
The research was performed on thirty-six (36) pairs of buffalo bull tests obtained from an abattoir. This study aimed to assess the impact of bradykinin on seminal characteristics, including progressive motility, viability, abnormalities, and HOS reactivity, in post-dilution, pre-freeze, and post-thaw semen obtained from the epididymis. Seminal parameters were evaluated in relation to skim milk, tris, citrate, skim milk combined with bradykinin, tris combined with bradykinin, and citrate combined with bradykinin. Notable discrepancies were seen in all metrics, specifically post-thaw motility, viability, HOS reactivity, and sperm abnormalities. In conclusion, the inclusion of bradykinin in the dilutor markedly enhances post-thaw progressive motility, viability, and HOS responsiveness relative to the Control group. Bradykinin can be utilized to enhance the quality of frozen-thawed semen from Murrah bulls.
The present study aimed to determine the blood profile of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations at estrus and subsequent pregnancy in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Fifty-one estrus buffaloes (4 to 6 years of age) were selected based on physical signs and rectal palpation and were inseminated on an am-pm basis. The blood samples were collected at the time of artificial insemination (AI) via jugular venipuncture from 51 buffaloes, and 21 buffaloes were further bled at day 16 of AI and pregnancy diagnosis time. The concentrations of Cu and Zn in blood sera were determined using an automatic chemistry analyser. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed through rectal palpation at day sixty post-AI. The pregnancy confirmation was based on the asymmetry of uterine horns with fetal fluids. The results indicate that Zn levels were higher numerically in pregnant than nonpregnant buffaloes. The serum Cu concentration was also similar between pregnant and nonpregnant buffaloes. The conception rate in buffaloes with a standard Zn level was significantly higher than in Zn-deficient buffaloes. There was an increasing tendency of conception in the buffaloes with a standard concentration of Cu as compared to Cu-deficient buffaloes. Post-AI changes in Zn concentration were negligible, but the concentration of Cu decreased with the advancement in pregnancy. In conclusion, a higher Zn level at the time of AI successfully established pregnancy in buffaloes.
A ten-month ten day pregnant plueriparous graded Murrah buffalo was presented with issue of difficulty in delivery due to dead diprospus parapagus monster female calf. A dead female diprospus parapagus was relieved by performing caesarian section in a standard manner. Uneventful recovery of the dam was noticed.
The present investigation was undertaken to know some blood biochemical constituents in lactating Marathwadi buffaloes. Blood samples from the lactating buffaloes were analyzed for blood glucose and serum constituents such as total protein, urea nitrogen, total lipid, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride. The mean values of blood and serum biochemical constituents in group first, second and third respectively, were as follows: Blood glucose 52.87 +/- 1.78, 52.92 +/- 1.63 and 63.12 +/- 1.92 mg/dl, Serum total protein 7.76 +/- 0.10, 7.28 +/- 0.15 and 7.19 +/- 0.21 g/dl, urea nitrogen 16.51 +/- 0.59, 16.05 +/- 0.60 and 14.82 +/- 0.34 mg/dl total lipid 1.68 +/- 0.03, 1.65 +/- 0.02 and 1.64 +/- 0.03 g/dl, cholesterol 112.34 +/- 1.38, 104.57 +/- 2.04 and 103.56 +/- 2.28 mg/dl, calcium 9.81 +/- 0.9, 10.2 +/- 0.08 and 9.49 +/- 0.13 mg/dl, phosphorus 4.32 +/- 0.11, 4.02 +/- 0.07 and 3.67 +/- 0.01 mg/dl, sodium 143.90 +/- 2.88, 147.50 +/- 3.33 and 151.00 +/- 1.43 mEq/L, potassium 7.86 +/- 0.51 and 7.27 +/- 0.61 mEq/L, chloride 96.26 +/- 1.61, 98.03 +/- 1.98 and 98.62 +/- 1.73 mEq/L. Among blood constituents highly significant differences (P<0.01) existed in group mean of blood glucose, serum total protein, total cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus whereas serum urea nitrogen, total lipid, sodium and potassium and chloride differed non-significantly.
Ectopic or extrauterine pregnancy is a pathological state that consists of a pregnancy developing outside the uterus. A 6-year buffalo having history of abdominal distention from last 15 days was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, LUVAS, Hisar. As per history provided by owner, animal had completed 9 months in gestation. Clinical examination revealed that distention was present in ventral abdomen and upon rectal palpation of genitalia no fetal part was palpable and unlike pregnant animal cervix could be retracted back into pelvic cavity but cervix was hypertrophied just as present in pregnant animal. Placentomes were visible on ultrasonographic examination. Thus, case was tentatively diagnosed as a case of ectopic pregnancy. Upon left flank laparotomy it was confirmed as case of secondary extra uterine pregnancy and live premature fetus was delivered.
The present investigation was conducted on first lactation production traits of 213 Jafarabadi buffaloes spread over a period of 24 years (1991 to 2014), maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh. The objectives of the study were to find the best fit of lactation curve model which can describe the first lactation curve in Jafarabadi buffalo and to examine the curve pattern of first lactation yield using MTDYs in Jafarabadi buffalo. Four different lactation curve models viz. Parabolic Exponential Function (PEF), Inverse Polynomial Function (IPF), Gamma Type Function (GF) and mixed Log Function (MLF) were used for predicting FL305DMY using MTDMY. The coefficient of determination (R2-value) for PEF, IPF, GF and MLF were 83.28%, 98.84%, 96.80%, and 92.73%, respectively. The average root mean square error (RMSE) was found to be minimum for GF (0.073 litre) followed by PEF (0.149 litre), MLF (0.102 litre) and IPF (0.376 litre). Graphical presentation indicated that GF was found to be best fit for MTDYs in Jafarabadi buffalo, while PEF was least fitted. The trend of GF indicated that this function was most suitable to Jafarabadi buffaloes.
This case report documents a rare occurrence of fetus with double head in a buffalo and its management through C section.
