Catfish (Clarias spp.) aquaculture plays a crucial role in food security and rural livelihoods in Indonesia. Inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) can increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing risks to aquaculture, environmental health, and food safety. The present study aimed to review AMR associated with catfish aquaculture in Indonesia within a One Health framework. A review was carried out according to structured literature review guidelines. Relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2026 were found in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The searches employed specific combinations of keywords concerning catfish aquaculture, antimicrobial usage, antimicrobial resistance, and Indonesia. Data on AMU, resistant bacteria, antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic residues were extracted from the included studies and categorized into these four subjects descriptively. Findings across studies were compared to identify commonly reported antimicrobials, patterns of bacterial resistance, detected ARGs, and the occurrence of antibiotic residues. Due to differences in study designs, sampling methods, bacterial species, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, the findings were synthesized narratively rather than pooled statistically. The current findings indicated that oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and enrofloxacin were the most commonly used antibiotics. Resistant bacteria, particularly Aeromonas hydrophila, frequently exhibited resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Other pathogens, including Edwardsiella tarda and Proteus spp., also demonstrated multidrug resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. The ARGs such as tetA, tetE, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, ampC, blaGES, and mexF were detected in bacterial isolates and aquaculture environments. Antibiotic residues, including fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, were detected in aquatic environments and catfish products. Oxytetracycline residues ranging from 0.14 to 0.90 mg/kg were detected in catfish meat, with 25% of 59 samples exceeding the reported maximum residue limits. The current findings suggested that catfish aquaculture in Indonesia may contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR. The co-occurrence of antibiotic use, resistant bacteria, ARGs, and environmental contamination highlighted the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, and integrated disease management under a One Health approach.
Tomato pomace is a rich source of protein, fiber, carbohydrates, and carotenoids for layer hens. Adding a moderate level of dried tomato pomace to laying hen diets is considered safe and has no adverse effects on performance metrics such as egg production, feed intake, egg weight, or shell thickness. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutritional supplementation with dried tomato pomace on the productivity, egg quality, and carotene content of laying hens. A narrative literature search was conducted using scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search primarily focused on peer-reviewed studies published from 2019 to 2026. Relevant previous studies were included to provide important background and context for the current study. Although tomatoes are rich in nutrients, such as carotenoids, fiber, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, processing industries often discard tomato pomace as waste. Improper disposal of tomato waste also poses environmental issues. Due to its nutritional content, dried tomato pomace could serve as a dietary supplement for chickens, especially in laying hens, where dietary carotenoids can influence egg yolk coloration and nutritional quality. Dietary tomato pomace, a useful delivery system for improving human health, positively affected lycopene deposition in egg yolk. Dried tomato pomace can be added to laying hens' diets at up to 5-12% (50-120 g/kg feed) to improve egg yolk color and carotenoid content without adversely affecting laying hens’ productivity, while also lowering production costs and egg cholesterol content. Including dried tomato pomace at levels up to 12% (120 g/kg feed) can improve egg nutrition by increasing natural antioxidants such as lycopene and β-carotene, making it an economical and sustainable feed supplement for poultry.
Productive and reproductive performance in farm animals is shaped by the combined effects of genetic potential, nutritional conditions, and technological management, although the relative importance of these factors differs among species. The present study aimed to identify the main genetic, nutritional, and technological factors influencing the productive and reproductive performance of farm animals and to assess their relative contributions and interactions. A 12-month controlled comparative study included 480 clinically healthy animals, including 120 cattle, 160 pigs, and 200 laying hens of the selected breeds. Within each species and breed, eligible animals were grouped according to age, sex, physiological status, and body condition score. Animals with similar values for these variables were then matched and non-randomly allocated to control and experimental groups to minimize pre-intervention differences between the groups. In cattle, the assessed parameters included milk yield, milk fat and protein content, liveweight gain, pregnancy rate after first insemination, calf birth weight, and calf survival to weaning. In pigs, average daily gain, slaughter yield, intramuscular fat content, litter size, piglet birth weight, and pre-weaning survival were evaluated. In laying hens, egg production, egg weight, the proportion of eggs with shell or shape defects, hatchability, and chick survival were assessed. Measurements were obtained from July 2024 to June 2025 from production records, electronic weighing, infrared milk analysis, ultrasonography, Soxhlet extraction, and automated egg analysis. In cattle, genetic factors, particularly breed and breeding improvement, had the greatest influence in increasing milk yield by 5.8-9.3% and milk protein content by 0.08-0.12 percentage points. In pigs, nutritional factors made the greatest contribution, including optimization of the dietary protein-to-energy ratio, which increased average daily gain by 7.0%, litter size by 4.5%, and intramuscular fat content by 16.7%. In laying hens, combined nutritional and genetic factors increased egg production by 3.9-6.0% and reduced the proportion of non-standard eggs by 31.1%. Technological optimization of microclimate, stocking density, reproductive management, and stress reduction stabilized performance and increased piglet survival by 1.5-2.8%. The findings support species-specific integration of breeding, nutritional, and management strategies.
Bluetongue is a noncontagious, vector-borne Orbivirus-induced disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Both live and inactivated monovalent vaccines are used to control bluetongue disease worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and post-vaccination seroconversion of an inactivated polyvalent bluetongue virus (BTV) vaccine containing serotypes 10, 11 and 17 in pregnant ewes. The vaccine was evaluated by vaccinating 66 pregnant ewes (33 for each study group). The ewes enrolled for this study represented 24 dairy, 30 meat, and 12 crossbreds and were aged 1-9 years. The average body weight of the animals ranged from 73 to 82 kg. Pregnant ewes representing all three trimesters of pregnancy were used in this study. Each animal was vaccinated with a 2.0 ml dose of the vaccine subcutaneously. All ewes were revaccinated similarly after one month. Local injection site reactions after both vaccinations, systemic and other adverse reactions, effects on pregnancy, fetal development, delivery of the lambs, and post-vaccination virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody titers were monitored after each vaccination. Mild to moderate injection site reactions such as swelling or lump formation were seen in 29 injection sites (22.0%). All injection site reactions were resolved completely within 2 – 7 weeks without further complications and treatment. Mild to moderate post-vaccination systemic reactions such as anorexia/lethargy/laminitis were seen only in two ewes, which lasted for four days. Bluetongue vaccination in the pregnant ewes did not affect the pregnancy, fetal development, and delivery of the lambs. There were no premature abortions or any form of teratogenic deformities in any of the lambs delivered. The vaccine in the pregnant ewes induced post-vaccination VN antibody titers against all three serotypes of BTV. Lambs born to the vaccinated ewes also showed a protective level of VN antibody titers against all three serotypes of the virus following passive transfer of maternal antibodies. The levels of VN antibody titers seen in the ewes and lambs were considered sufficient to provide protection against field virus challenge. The results of the current study indicated that inactivated polyvalent bluetongue virus vaccine had no adverse effects on pregnancy and lamb delivery.
Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains one of the most relevant viral pathogens affecting domestic dogs worldwide, particularly in young and unvaccinated populations, due to its high environmental resistance and rapid transmission. The present study aimed to provide an updated and integrative overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of CPV through a systematic qualitative review. A comprehensive literature search was carried out using major academic databases, including PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus, considering studies published between 2020 and 2026. A total of 312 articles were initially identified, of which 70 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for article review. The results confirmed the global circulation of multiple variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), including the presence of CPV-2b in Ecuador, as well as the persistence of the virus in diverse environments and its impact on susceptible populations such as puppies between 6 weeks and 6 months of age and susceptibility, and some breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Rottweilers, and American Pit Bull Terriers. Molecular diagnostic techniques, particularly PCR and qPCR, remain the most reliable tools for early detection. Despite advances in supportive therapy and emerging antiviral approaches, vaccination continues to represent the most effective preventive strategy. Continuous surveillance and improvements in diagnostic and immunization strategies are essential to reduce the impact of CPV infections.
