Nipah virus is bat-borne paramyxovirus cause a zoonotic infection. Sever and often fatal encephalitis in human. Pigs are the intermediate hosts. Nipah virus represents a serious burden to the health sector; it usually records a high mortality rate reaching up to 75%. First outbreak was recorded in Malaysia in 1998-1999 involved pig-human transmission, caused 100 deaths and massive dissemination in swine reaching up to 1.1 million pigs, this represented about 40% of swine mass in Malaysia in 1999. Consequently, other outbreaks had been recorded in Asia; Singapore in 1999, 11 cases reported after pigs’ importance from Malaysia. In India, the outbreaks occurs since 2001 till present, recently in 2026 two confirmed cases were reported. In Bangladesh outbreaks almost occur regularly since 1999. Although the scenario is believed to be less aggressive comparing with that of COVID-19 as NiV is less contagious, the substantial fatality rate had driven the urgent need to develop an effective preventive strategy. Up to now no licensed vaccine to this virus has been launched, neither for human nor for pigs. Three pig-vaccines still under consideration; adjuvanted soluble G-protein, adjuvanted stabilized F protein and adenoviral vectored G protein (ChAdOx1-G). Immunological studies in pigs revealed that each vaccine elicited distinct immunogenicity profile. Prime dose of all three recorded high degree of protection with acceptable longevity. Such vaccines would protect if not prevent virus transmission to human, reducing socioeconomic consequence associated with expected outbreaks. Regarding human, four Nipa virus candidate vaccines are in the clinical trial-phase 1, usually this phase include 20-100 healthy individuals. The live attenuated, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) -vectored, recombinant “rSVS∆ GEBOV-GP/NiV” and the adenoviral vector vaccine, ChAdOx1, both are viral vectored vaccine and both are ongoing in the clinical phase-I. A lipid nanoparticle- based messenger RNA vaccine, mRNA 1215, expressing viral glycoproteins, fusion protein (F – protein); and the attachment protein G of NiV was developed by Moderna in collaboration with Vaccine Research Center at NIAID is also in the ongoing in the 1st clinical trial. It mainly targets Malaysian strain Niv- M strain had completed in 2024. A protein subunit vaccine, HeV-sGV, mapped out with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Formulated by “Auro Vaccine LLC” in collaboration with “Program Appropriate Technology in health” and “Coalition for epidemic preparedness Innovation” has also been completed the phase-1 clinical trial. This proposed vaccine protects against Niv -Bangladesh and -Malaysian and the Hendra viru. Scholars, world-wide, identify those Asia-limited outbreaks as the tip of the iceberg and the seed from which future situation of outbreaks will evolve. Developing the aforementioned candidate vaccines make us one step closure to have NiV- approved vaccine.
Background: The global prevalence of pediatric asthma, along with its associated morbidity and mortality, has been on the rise. Managing asthma in children is often complicated by the presence of comorbidities, which presents a unique clinical challenge. This study was designed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and comorbidities of children aged 6–18 years with asthma. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 6–18 years with an asthma diagnosis who were referred to the Allergy Clinic at Motahari Hospital, affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, including age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence. The medical history of each participant was also obtained, with a specific focus on comorbidities such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux. Results: Among the 212 participants, the mean age was 8.4 years. The cohort was predominantly male, with girls accounting for 36.7% of participants, and most children (64.2%) lived in urban areas. The mean body mass index was 17.04 kg/m2; 11.8% of participants were classified as obese, and 4.7% as overweight. No significant relationship was found between asthma severity and obesity (P = 0.44). The study also examined the prevalence of several comorbidities: allergic rhinitis (39.6%), gastroesophageal reflux (25.5%), and sinusitis (9.4%). There were no statistically significant associations between asthma severity and any of these conditions (P = 0.07 for allergic rhinitis, P = 0.06 for reflux, and P = 0.37 for sinusitis). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the presence of comorbidities does not have a significant correlation with asthma severity. The most frequently observed comorbidities, in descending order, were allergic rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux, obesity, and sinusitis.
Introduction: The expanding complexity of dental diseases has exposed the limitations of conventional heuristic-based therapeutic planning. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved beyond diagnostic assistance to become a powerful tool in therapeutic decision-making, enabling data-driven, predictive, and personalized dental care. Material and Methods: This narrative review critically evaluates contemporary applications of artificial intelligence in therapeutic planning, prognostic assessment, and surgical execution across major dental specialties, including periodontology, endodontics, prosthodontics, orthodontics, and implantology. Evidence from machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and robotics-based systems was synthesized to assess clinical relevance beyond diagnostic accuracy. Results: Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems demonstrated improved precision in treatment planning, outcome prediction, and procedural execution. Applications such as generative prosthetic design, Artificial intelligence -guided endodontic access, implant navigation, orthodontic treatment simulation, and robotic-assisted surgery showed potential to reduce operator variability and enhance therapeutic outcomes. However, challenges related to data heterogeneity, algorithmic bias, explainability, and medico-legal accountability persist. Conclusion: Artificial Intelligence is redefining therapeutic decision-making in dentistry by augmenting clinical judgment rather than replacing it. When integrated within a human-in-the-loop framework, artificial intelligence serves as a high-level therapeutic assistant capable of improving accuracy, efficiency, and personalization of dental care. Future research must prioritize longitudinal clinical validation and ethical governance to enable safe and effective clinical translation.
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with high morbidity and limited response to conventional chemoradiotherapy. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has shown remarkable success in hematological malignancies, its application in solid tumors is constrained by the tumor microenvironment and therapy-related toxicities. Recent advances suggest that chimeric antigen receptor T-cell - derived nanovesicles may replicate tumor-targeting properties while improving safety and tissue penetration. Procedures: Human Jurkat T-cells were engineered to express a second-generation anti-epidermal growth factor receptor chimeric antigen receptor. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell–derived nanovesicles were generated using a serial extrusion method and characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were evaluated in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HSC-3 and CAL-27) and compared with normal human gingival fibroblasts. Results: The engineered chimeric antigen receptor- nanovesicles exhibited a mean diameter of approximately 135 nm and retained key T-cell and chimeric antigen receptor-associated surface markers. Preferential internalization was observed in epidermal growth factor receptor expressing Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, with minimal uptake in normal fibroblasts. Chimeric antigen receptor - nanovesicles induced significant, dose-dependent apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinomacell lines while demonstrating negligible cytotoxicity toward normal gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-inspired nanovesicles preserve the specificity and cytotoxic efficacy of their parental T-cells while overcoming key limitations of live-cell therapy. These findings highlight chimeric antigen receptor nanovesicles as a promising, safe, and off-the-shelf immunotherapeutic strategy for targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Background: Maintaining thermal stability in neonates remains a clinical challenge. Conventional resistive heat warmers (RHWs) may cause localized overheating, while large-surface warmers have been proposed as a safer alternative. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare surface temperature stability and heat flux characteristics of test objects exposed to a conventional resistive heat warmer (RHW) and a prototype large-surface warmer, using a regulatory reference test methodology for incubators and radiant warmers. Methods: Five calibrated Fluke Corporation test objects were placed on a pre-warmed mattress and exposed to each heating system. Both systems were evaluated across six servo-controlled temperature settings ranging from 36.0 to 37.0 degrees C. Surface temperature and heat flux at the upper surfaces of the test objects were recorded at 15-second intervals over a 60-minute period. Theoretical radiant heat flux requirements were calculated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests to assess differences between the two warming modalities. Results: The RHW delivered heat flux values approximately 6-7 times higher than those measured under the large-surface radiant warmer (p < 0.001), with substantially greater temporal variability. In several settings, RHW heat flux exceeded the calculated theoretical requirements. In contrast, the large-surface radiant warmer maintained lower, more stable, and more uniform surface temperatures across all test objects. Both systems complied with the applicable standard thermal performance criteria. Conclusion: The prototype large-surface radiant warmer demonstrated gentler and more consistent heat delivery compared with the RHW, supporting its potential as a safer thermal support method in neonatal care. Continuous heat flux monitoring may provide an additional indicator of thermal readiness and stability during neonatal warming.
Introduction. Cerebral atherosclerosis remains a major cause of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and variability in response to antiplatelet therapy may contribute to persistent vascular risk. MicroRNAs have emerged as potential epigenetic regulators of platelet function and may help explain laboratory aspirin non-response. This study investigated the association between selected microRNAs and platelet reactivity in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis receiving acetylsalicylic acid. Methods. This prospective single-center cross-sectional study included 54 patients with cerebral atherosclerosis treated with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for primary or secondary stroke prevention. Platelet aggregation was measured in vitro by light transmission aggregometry using adrenaline and adenosine diphosphate. Patients were classified as responders or non-responders according to adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation, with values above 25% indicating nonresponse. Leukocyte expression of eight microRNAs was quantified. Correlation, linear regression, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed with adjustment for relevant clinical variables. Results. Laboratory non-response to acetylsalicylic acid was observed in 64.8% of patients. Of the eight microRNAs analyzed, only microRNA-126-3p and microRNA-126-5p showed significant inverse associations with adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation after correction for multiple comparisons. In adjusted analyses, microRNA-126-3p remained independently associated with lower platelet aggregation (beta = -0.3129; p = 0.0483) and with a lower probability of non-response (OR = 0.850; 95% CI 0.684-0.968; p = 0.0466). Its predictive value was moderate alone and improved when combined with clinical characteristics. Discussion. MicroRNA-126-3p appears to be a promising epigenetic marker of variability in aspirin response in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. These findings support further prospective validation of microRNA-126-3p as a tool for identifying patients at risk of inadequate platelet inhibition on aspirin.
Background: The global prevalence of pediatric asthma, along with its associated morbidity and mortality, has been on the rise. Managing asthma in children is often complicated by the presence of comorbidities, which presents a unique clinical challenge. This study was designed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and comorbidities of children aged 6-18 years with asthma. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 6-18 years with an asthma diagnosis who were referred to the Allergy Clinic at Motahari Hospital, affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, including age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence. The medical history of each participant was also obtained, with a specific focus on comorbidities such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux. Results: Among the 212 participants, the mean age was 8.4 years. The cohort was predominantly male, with girls accounting for 36.7% of participants, and most children (64.2%) lived in urban areas. The mean body mass index was 17.04 kg/m2; 11.8% of participants were classified as obese, and 4.7% as overweight. No significant relationship was found between asthma severity and obesity (P = 0.44). The study also examined the prevalence of several comorbidities: allergic rhinitis (39.6%), gastroesophageal reflux (25.5%), and sinusitis (9.4%). There were no statistically significant associations between asthma severity and any of these conditions (P = 0.07 for allergic rhinitis, P = 0.06 for reflux, and P = 0.37 for sinusitis). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the presence of comorbidities does not have a significant correlation with asthma severity. The most frequently observed comorbidities, in descending order, were allergic rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux, obesity, and sinusitis.
Introduction: Encopresis, or the passing of feces in inappropriate places, is associated with cognitive and emotional difficulties. The present research work aims to present the detailed cognitive functioning of children with encopresis using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5). It aims to identify cognitive impairment, intellectual vulnerability, and essential clinical and educational interventions. Materials and Methods: A total of 69 children with encopresis and 69 typically developing controls matched for age were included in the study. Cognitive functions were assessed using performance on the SB5, including total IQ, verbal reasoning, non-verbal reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, and quantitative reasoning; as well as evaluation of clinical symptoms, somatic complaints, and psychosocial aspects. Results: Children with encopresis scored significantly below controls on most cognitive tests. While 36% of the encopresis group fell within the “borderline or impaired” IQ range and 30% in the “low average” range, 86.9% of controls scored within the “average” range. The most pronounced deficits were observed in visual-spatial processing and reasoning. Clinically, children with encopresis experienced more pain during defecation, prolonged colon transit time, larger rectal diameters, reduced appetite, and increased somatopsychic and psychosomatic disturbances, including nocturnal enuresis. Conclusion: The findings indicate that chronic stress, emotional dysregulation, and social stigma in children with encopresis may play a role in the development of cognitive impairments. A multidisciplinary approach should be implemented for overall improvement in cognitive and emotional outcomes including early cognitive screening, individualized education plans, and psychological support.
Aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a high metastatic potential, with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition acting as a central driving process. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition during metastasis is driven by the remodeling of the cytoskeleton, primarily through the action of actin-binding proteins. There are no available methods for assessing the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis; therefore, the study of the molecular characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis remains extremely relevant. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the mRNA expressions of vimentin and actin-binding proteins (cofilin-1, profilin-1, adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1, fascin-1 and ezrin) in tumor tissue of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients with lymph node metastases. Material and Methods: The analysis was carried out using RT-PCR in paired samples from The analysis was performed using reverse transcriptase PCR in paired samples from 44 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Thirty seven patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and seven patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. All patients were divided into subgroups with and without lymph node metastases. Results: Profilin-1 mRNA levels were found to be seven times higher in patients with lymph node metastases than in patients without metastases. Ezrin mRNA levels were not correlated with lymph node metastasis, but correlated with tumor stage. Vimentin mRNA levels were independent of disease stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis. High vimentin mRNA levels correlated with elevated expression of fascin-1 and adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 and contributed to a stronger association between cofilin-1 and profilin-1. Conclusion: Thus, the relationship between vimentin and actin-binding protein gene expression indicates active cytoskeletal reorganization during head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis.
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These pathological conditions often have common risk factors and may co-exist, with one evolving into another. Recent advancements in the management of patients with malignancy have improved their quality of life and survival. However, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, in particular ischemic heart disease, remains high due to the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Recent clinical trials have revealed new pharmacological and interventional strategies for the management of acute and chronic forms of ischemic heart disease in this patient population. In particular, shortened dual antithrombotic therapy following coronary angioplasty with third-generation drug-eluting stents may allow preventing bleeding complications and the earlier resumption of chemotherapy in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In contrast, cancer therapy may be continued in patients with stable ischemic heart disease after administering anti-anginal medications for the treatment of myocardial ischemia induced by chemotherapy. Although surgical revascularization is associated with a high risk of mortality, it may be performed concomitantly with tumor resection to improve clinical outcomes. Prospective studies directed to the investigation of the safety and efficacy of these interventional approaches will allow determination of the optimal revascularization strategy. Implementation of individualized treatment will prevent the development of chronic heart failure and lead to reduction of cardiovascular mortality in patients with oncological diseases. This review addresses the common pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, as well as novel preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of ischemic heart disease in cancer survivors.
Introduction: Low testosterone levels in older men cause a decrease in bone mass density. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary types: the former occurs without known risk factors, whereas risk factors have been identified for the latter. The causes of secondary osteoporosis in older men include hypogonadism (i.e., decreased levels of the hormone testosterone). The Singh index is an affordable and straightforward method of determining bone mass density at a fracture site. The current study investigated the relationship between serum testosterone levels and the severity of osteoporosis (according to the Singh index) in older men. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. with participants comprised of men aged greater than 50 years. The Singh index is divided into six grades ranging from 1 (severe osteoporosis) to 6 (normal bone density). Anteroposterior pelvic X-ray was conducted to determine bone density. Testosterone serum levels were examined by an ELISA method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: The average testosterone level was 117.88 +/- 110.22 ng/dL. The highest osteoporosis score was Singh index grade 3 (definitive osteoporosis), which was recorded for 14 patients (26%; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum testosterone levels and the severity of osteoporosis according to Singh index grade among older men (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Decreased serum testosterone levels in elderly men were significantly related to the severity of osteoporosis according to the Singh index grade. The Singh index could therefore be a useful screening method for the assessment of osteoporosis.
To what extent does the receptor mechanism reflect the pluripotent hormonal and mediator functions of secretory cells in vertebrate mammals? Even an analysis of relatively few, but quite informative literature sources indicates that existing concepts and hypotheses regarding receptor mechanisms require substantial correction. In this context, the authors consider it appropriate to discuss several fundamental conceptual issues concerning future approaches to studying the functional activity of the receptor system in target cells throughout the organs and systems of our body. In our body, the hormone-mediator functions of specialized target cells are likely not carried out by the specific binding of a single hormone and/or mediator to one receptor, but rather by the synchronous activity of several endogenous ligands acting on a single secretory cell. The existence of hybrid receptors in the human body supports the hypothesis that we have put forward. It is possible that the binding of one endogenous ligand may potentiate the entry of another ligand, which may already be recognized on the inner surface of the cell membrane and/or on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum of the same target cell. Unfortunately, there is still no clear answer to this hypothesis. Is the synchronous activity within a single target cell ensured by strictly determined, evolutionarily conserved hormones and mediators, or does it follow a principle of selective “assembly” of multiple ligands? Finally, the third important question: In cases where two or more ligands bind simultaneously to a single target cell, is the specific functional activity of each of them preserved, especially when these ligands are similar in their structural and functional characteristics? It is also possible that under such conditions, many endogenous ligands acting simultaneously may have novel mediator and hormonal effects on the same target cell. Unfortunately, our considerations have not been discussed by leading scientists studying receptor-mediated mechanisms in the human body. Therefore, previously established theories, paradigms, and concepts concerning the formation and functioning of the receptor system of living cells require careful re-examination and, possibly, revision in light of the recommendations presented in this study.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans, most commonly through direct contact with infected livestock or consumption of contaminated animal products such as unpasteurized dairy. It presents with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle pain to more severe complications involving multiple organ systems if left untreated. Osteoarticular involvement is the most frequent complication, but the simultaneous occurrence of spinal brucellosis, vertebral abscess, and peripheral arthritis is rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges. Brucellosis is an endemic disease in Armenia. According to annual statistics from the National Institutes of Health, the number of brucellosis cases has increased during the last decade. The aim of the case report is to highlight the challenges in the management of a patient with multifocal osteoarticular brucellosis. A 51-year-old male agricultural worker was admitted to the hospital with fever, fatigue, lumbar pain, restricted mobility, and night sweats. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed L4-L5 spondylodiscitis with an epidural abscess and epiduritis. Tuberculosis was excluded, while serological testing (Wright test 1:400, Huddleson test 3+) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed brucellosis (IgM and IgG strongly positive). During hospitalization, the patient developed swelling of the left knee; synovial fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for Brucyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (53 mm/h), C-reactive protein (CRP) (72.74 mg/L), and fibrinogen (724 mg/dL), indicating active infection. The final diagnosis was acute brucellosis, osteoarticular form with spondylitis, vertebral abscess, and left gonitis. He received combination antibiotic therapy with supportive care, resulting in clinical improvement and decreased inflammatory markers by discharge. This case highlights an unusual triad of brucellar spondylitis, epidural abscess, and knee arthritis (gonitis). Early recognition, supported by imaging and serology, and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy are essential to prevent long-term sequelae.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems across the globe, including Armenia. When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic in March 2020, hospitals and medical staff faced immense pressure - reallocating resources, adjusting workflows, and managing surging patient numbers, often with limited infrastructure. This study sought to understand how healthcare institutions in Yerevan and other regions of Armenia adapted during the crisis, examining both resource management and the emotional toll on medical workers. To explore these challenges, researchers surveyed 196 healthcare professionals - 156 physicians and 40 nurses - working in Armenian hospitals with varying levels of COVID-19 reprofiling (non-reprofiled, partially reprofiled, and fully dedicated facilities). Using a carefully designed questionnaire, the study assessed key issues such as training, workload, protective equipment availability, and psychological stress. Responses were analyzed using statistical methods to identify trends and correlations. The findings reveal a strained but resilient healthcare workforce. Only about 38.7% of participants received specialized COVID-19 training, and just over a third worked in officially designated COVID-19 centers. Many (21.2%) were reassigned to pandemic-related units, often with heavier workloads. More than half (53.6%) reported heightened stress, strongly linked to increased demands and shortages of critical supplies such as oxygen and medications. While most (73.7%) had sufficient protective gear, over a third faced shortages of essential resources. Financially, salaries remained unchanged for 69.1% of participants, even as concerns about understaffing and burnout grew. Despite these struggles, Armenia’s healthcare system demonstrated adaptability and dedication. The study underscores the urgent need for better pandemic preparedness - ensuring proper resource distribution, adequate mental health support for frontline workers, and stronger infrastructure to handle future health crises effectively.
Active temperature management is a critical component in the treatment of preterm and sick neonates, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality. Improvements in neonatal survival have been closely tied to the development of medical devices capable of precise thermal control, most notably infant incubators. To facilitate access during neonatal resuscitation and clinical procedures, open care systems were introduced, with high-temperature resistive warmers (RHWs) - reaching up to 700 degrees C - becoming standard. Safety requirements for these devices are defined in IEC 60601-2-21:2020.Due to their high heat source temperatures, RHWs emit energy primarily in the IRB and IRC spectra, with up to 10 mW/cm2 in the IRA range. However, RHW use is associated with increased insensible water loss and exposure to airflow, light, and noise. This study tested a low-temperature (below 52 degrees C) large surface radiant warmer (LSW) prototype, based on patent-pending technology (US18/855,652 and EP23704839.2), which emits only IRC radiation. The aim was to verify that the LSW maintains mid-point mattress temperature within 36-37 degrees C per IEC 60601-2-21:2020 (Subclause 201.3.209) and meets the distribution accuracy required by Subclause 201.12.102. Performance was compared with a commercial RHW, and energy consumption was measured in watt-hours. Results showed that both warmers maintained stable mattress temperatures within the target range and met distribution accuracy standards. However, RHW consumed more than twice the energy compared to LSW. Conclusion: The LSW prototype met thermal performance and accuracy standards defined in IEC 60601-2-21:2020 while consuming significantly less energy and emitting only IRC radiation, suggesting it may offer a gentler and more energy-efficient alternative for neonatal thermal care.
Introduction: Periodontitis causes irreversible loss of supporting apparatus of the tooth, i.e., periodontal ligament. Although there has been promise in the growth factor therapies with recombinant proteins, including Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and the biological halflives of these proteins, recombinant proteins have high costs, instability, and limited usability. Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) technology provides a new therapeutic modality approach with the use of host cell machinery to endogenously produce therapeutic proteins and, possibly, provide sustained bioactivity. Material and Methods: Healthy premolars were used as sources of primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (n=10). The cells were separated into 3 conditions, which are Negative Control (untransfection), Positive Control (treated with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 [rhFGF-2]) and Test Group (transfected with lipid nanoparticle-mRNA-FGF2). The proliferation of the cells was measured spectrometrically using Cell counting Kit-8 after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The migration capacity was measured based on a scratch wound healing assay. The expression of osteogenic and fibroblastic genes (COL1A1, POSTN, RUNX2) was determined by Reverse transcription quantitaitive polymerase chain reaction. Results: mRNA-FGF2 showed a much higher proliferation at 72 hours than rhFGF-2 (Optical Density: 1.42 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.09, p < 0.01), indicating longer protein synthesis. The highest percentage of wound close up at 24 hours was found in mRNA group (88.4% +/- 4.2) when compared with the protein group (76.1% +/- 5.5; p < 0.05). In addition, POSTN (Periostin) increased by 4.5-fold when mRNA was transfected compared to controls. Conclusion: Intracellular exposure to lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA coding FGF2 enhances better proliferation and migration in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts when compared to the exogenous application of proteins. In this pilot study, it is proposed that mRNA technology is a viable, powerful platform to next-generation periodontal regenerative therapies.
Introduction: Peri-implantitis is a pathological situation, which is characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and gradual loss of supporting bone. Traditional methods, most often mechanical debridement are not effective enough to remove every bacteria biofilm on the rough titanium surfaces of the implants resulting in high recurrence rates. Nanotechnology can provide opportunities in targeted drug delivery, and artificial intelligence can allow personalizing the therapeutic regimen in relation to specific biomarkers of patients. Material and Methods: 124 moderate-to-severe peri-implantitis patients were recruited in three dental clinics of the universities. The patients were randomly distributed into control group (mechanical debridement + Placebo gel) and test group (mechanical debridement + artificial intelligence -guided Nanoparticle gel). In the test group, the artificial intelligence algorithm has examined the predictors of peri-implant crevicular fluid biomarkers (IL-1 beta, MMP-8) and microbiological profiles in order to define the most suitable release kinetics and dose of minocyclineloaded nanoparticles. Clinical variables, which were probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and radiographic bone level, were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: Test group had a much more remarkable decrease in mean probing pocket depth as opposed to control group (2.8 +/- 0.6 mm vs. 1.4 +/- 0.5 mm; p < 0.001) at the 6-month follow-up. The bleeding on probing resolution percentage was 84.5 in the test group and 48.2 in the control group (p < 0.01). Also, radiographic analysis indicated that the artificial intelligence -nanoparticle group showed a mean of 0.88 +/- 0.29 mm bone gain as opposed to the control group of 0.16 Summary: artificial intelligence -directed personalization with nanoparticle delivery of drugs was able to promote better clinical outcomes in peri-implantitis therapy as compared to mechanical debridement alone. This is a promising avenue of treating complicated infections around the implant through this precision medicine method.
Introduction: Hyper sensitivity is defined as a short-term sharp pain that occurs in dentin when exposed to the oral. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cyanoacrylate with dentin bonding on the rate of changes in dental sensitivity. Material and Methods: This study was a clinical trial. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants, then their initial sensitivity was measured and recorded with the visual analog scale index. Participants whose initial sensitivityvalue was greater than or equal to 5 were selected and divided into two groups: cyanoacrylate and dentin bonding. Patients were recalled after 24 hours and 1 week and the Visual analog scale assessment was evaluated. Results: The results showed that in the dentin bonding group, the level of sensitivity before treatment was significantly different with 24 hours and 1 week after treatment (p<0.05). Also, according to the results of Wilcoxon Visual analog scale test, 24 hours and 1 week after treatment, there is no significant difference (p>0.05). In cyanoacrylate group, Wilcoxon test showed that the level of sensitivity before treatment was significantly different with 24 hours and 1 week after treatment (p<0.05), and level of sensitivity 24 hours and 1 week after treatment were not significantly different from each other. The level of sensitivity reduction 24 hours after treatment compared to before treatment was significantly different between the two groups (<0.05), also the level of sensitivity reduction 1 week after treatment compared to before treatment between the two groups There is no significant difference. Conclusion: Both dentin bonding and cyanoacrylate reduce sensitivity within 24 hours after the intervention, with the effect of cyanoacrylate being greater and remaining equally stable up to 1 week after the intervention.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, characterized by significant heterogeneity in therapeutic response. Essential trace elements, serve as critical cofactors in DNA repair mechanisms, apoptotic signaling, and drug transport. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline serum levels of these elements regarding the clinical response to first-line chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at with histologically confirmed colon cancer receiving standard platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled. Pre-treatment serum concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Mg were quantified using colorimetric assays. Treatment response was evaluated upon completion of the regimen according to RECIST criteria. Associations between trace element levels and chemotherapy response (Complete Response vs. Non-Response) were analyzed using independent t-tests and multivariate Results: The cohort exhibited a mean age of 60.31 +/- 10.61 years and a distinct female predominance (63.3 %). A high rate of therapeutic resistance was observed, with 56.7 % of patients classified as non-responders. Patients achieving a Complete Response demonstrated significantly higher baseline serum Magnesium levels (2.07 +/- 0.22 mg/dL) compared to non-responders (1.83 +/- 0.36 mg/dL; P=0.047). Multivariate logistic regression identified serum Magnesium as a significant independent predictor, where higher levels reduced the likelihood of non-response (P=0.048). Serum Zinc and Copper levels did not show statistically significant associations with Conclusion: Baseline serum Magnesium levels are significantly associated with chemotherapy efficacy in colon cancer patients. These findings suggest that adequate magnesium status may facilitate optimal pharmacodynamic activity, potentially by modulating the cellular uptake of platinum-based agents. Routine assessment of serum Magnesium could serve as an accessible biomarker for stratifying patients at risk of chemoresistance.
Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement is governed by coordinated bone resorption and formation mediated primarily through the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-KB Ligand Osteoprotegerin signaling axis. Although mechanical force initiates this process, the biological rate of remodeling remains a limiting factor. CRISPR-based transcriptional activation presents a novel strategy to amplify force-induced molecular responses. Material and Methods: Human periodontal ligament stem cells were exposed to simulated compressive orthodontic force (2 g/cm2) and subjected to CRISPR-dCas9-VPR-mediated activation of the TNFSF11 (RANKL) promoter. Samples were divided into control, force-only, scramble control, and CRISPR-RANKL groups. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, while gene and protein expression of RANKL, OPG, and RUNX2 were evaluated using RT-qPCR and ELISA. Results: Cell viability exceeded 90% across all groups, indicating no cyto toxic effects. CRISPR-mediated activation significantly enhanced RANKL expression under compressive force, producing a marked increase in the RANKL/OPG ratio compared with force alone (p < 0.001). RUNX2 expression was reduced under compression, consistent with osteoclastic dominance, and was unaffected by CRISPR modulation. Conclusion: CRISPR-dCas9-VPR-based activation of RANKL synergistically augments mechanical force-induced osteoclastic signaling in periodontal ligament stem cells. This proofof-concept study highlights the potential of epigenetic modulation as a precision approach for biologically accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
