El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar los factores potenciales y restrictivos para el desarrollo del turismo comunitario en Latinoamérica a partir de un caso de estudio en México. La metodología se basa en un estudio de caso a partir de dos procedimientos: el primero es el análisis de alternativas desde estudios recientes sobre turismo comunitario y, el segundo, la codificación con ATLAS.ti para la identificación de los principales factores determinantes de éxito y fracaso. Los resultados indican que el ordenamiento turístico comunitario potencia la conservación de los bienes naturales y fortalece las identidades y el patrimonio cultural. No obstante, la perspectiva comunitaria en el turismo ofrece un limitado desarrollo económico mercantil y resalta la importancia de la organización social y la participación ciudadana en la gestión de los bienes naturales y culturales comunes. Uno de los principales retos para el turismo comunitario es el desarrollo de habilidades para la gestión de los bienes comunes y para convertir los recursos físicos y sociales en una capacidad para vivir en marcos de libertad. [This research is intended to present potential and limiting factors for the development of community tourism in Latin America from the perspective of a case study taken from the northern region of Mexico. Using two procedures, the methodology is based on a case study: the first one involves analyzing alternatives based on recent community tourism studies, and the second one involves coding with ATLAS.ti software to identify the main factors determining success and failure. Results indicate that community-based tourism planning enhances natural resource conservation and strengthens cultural identity and heritage. However, the community approach to tourism provides limited commercial economic development and emphasizes the importance of social organization and citizen participation in the management of common cultural and natural resources. One of the main challenges for community-based tourism is developing the skills needed to manage common goods and to transform physical and social resources into the capacity to live within frameworks of freedom].
This study examines the challenges of democracy in post-Reform Indonesia by analyzing the interaction between identity politics, socioeconomic inequality, and the limitations of procedural democracy within a multicultural society. Employing an interpretive qualitative approach, the research synthesizes academic literature, policy documents, and sociodemographic data to map contemporary political dynamics. The findings indicate that, despite an ideological commitment to pluralism, persistent structural inequalities—particularly income disparities and the marginalization of minority groups—continue to generate social alienation that fuels identity-based exclusivism. The strategic mobilization of identity politics in electoral competition, amplified by digital media algorithms, has weakened deliberative norms and deepened political polarization. This article contributes by proposing an integrative framework of “mediated democratic contestation,” which links identity mobilization, digital infrastructure, and structural inequality within a unified explanatory model. Based on this analysis, the study argues that Indonesia’s democratic deficit requires concrete policy mechanisms, including the institutionalization of participatory budgeting for economic redistribution, independent oversight of digital platform algorithms to mitigate disinformation, and the establishment of cross-identity civic forums to strengthen social cohesion. This multidimensional approach offers a more responsive pathway for enhancing democratic resilience amid the complexities of a plural digital society. [Este estudio examina los desafíos de la democracia en la Indonesia posreforma mediante el análisis de la interacción entre la política de la identidad, la desigualdad socioeconómica y las limitaciones de la democracia procedimental en una sociedad multicultural. Empleando un enfoque cualitativo interpretativo, la investigación sintetiza literatura académica, documentos de política pública y datos sociodemográficos con el fin de cartografiar las dinámicas políticas contemporáneas. Los hallazgos indican que, a pesar de un compromiso ideológico con el pluralismo, las persistentes desigualdades estructurales, particularmente las disparidades de ingresos y la marginación de grupos minoritarios, continúan generando alienación social que alimenta el exclusivismo basado en la identidad. La movilización estratégica de la política de la identidad en la competencia electoral, amplificada por los algoritmos de los medios digitales, ha debilitado las normas deliberativas y profundizado la polarización política. Este artículo contribuye proponiendo un marco integrador de «contestación democrática mediada», que vincula la movilización identitaria, la infraestructura digital y la desigualdad estructural dentro de un modelo explicativo unificado. A partir de este análisis, el estudio sostiene que el déficit democrático de Indonesia requiere mecanismos concretos de política pública, incluida la institucionalización de presupuestos participativos para la redistribución económica, la supervisión independiente de los algoritmos de las plataformas digitales para mitigar la desinformación y el establecimiento de foros cívicos interidentitarios para fortalecer la cohesión social. Este enfoque multidimensional ofrece una vía más receptiva para fortalecer la resiliencia democrática considerando las complejidades de una sociedad digital plural].
This study uses an experimental paradigm to explore whether there is a racial bias in how White people respond to various misdemeanors involving Black or White protagonists. White participants were presented with a series of vignettes outlining various everyday scenarios. In each scenario, there was a protagonist displaying behavior that was either delinquent or just socially unacceptable. The race of the protagonist was systematically varied (Black versus White), everything else was identical. White participants’ responses were significantly affected by the race of the protagonist, particularly for the ordinary socially unacceptable behaviors that did not involve any crime. The responses were more negative when the protagonist was Black. The self-reported racial attitudes of our White participants were neutral throughout, but measures of implicit racial attitude showed a distinct pro-White bias. Importantly, we found that stronger pro-White attitudes were associated with more negative behaviors toward Black people in these routine interaction sequences. [Este estudio utiliza un paradigma experimental para explorar si existe un sesgo racial en la manera en que personas blancas responden ante diversas faltas menores protagonizadas por personas negras o blancas. Los participantes blancos fueron expuestos a una serie de viñetas que describían distintas situaciones cotidianas. En cada escenario, aparecía un protagonista que mostraba un comportamiento ya fuera delictivo o simplemente socialmente inaceptable. La raza del protagonista se varió de manera sistemática (negra frente a blanca), manteniéndose todo lo demás idéntico. Las respuestas de los participantes blancos se vieron significativamente influenciadas por la raza del protagonista, especialmente en los casos de comportamientos socialmente inaceptables de carácter ordinario que no implicaban ningún delito. Las respuestas fueron más negativas cuando el protagonista era negro. Las actitudes raciales declaradas por los participantes blancos se mantuvieron neutrales a lo largo del estudio; sin embargo, las medidas de actitud racial implícita mostraron un claro sesgo favorable hacia las personas blancas. De manera relevante, se encontró que actitudes más fuertes de preferencia pro-blanca se asociaban con comportamientos más negativos hacia personas negras en estas secuencias de interacción rutinarias].
Este artículo analiza la territorialización de la Política Pública de Mujer y Equidad de Género (PPMEG) en los municipios del departamento de Boyacá (Colombia), examinando su grado de implementación y articulación institucional a nivel local. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo de tipo documental y descriptivo, basado en la revisión de planes de desarrollo municipales, informes de gestión, ordenanzas y acuerdos locales, complementados con una lectura crítica de literatura especializada. El estudio incorpora, además, un marco de referencia comparativo contextual con experiencias de política pública de género en Argentina, Perú y Chile, lo cual permitió ampliar la comprensión regional del fenómeno. Los resultados muestran avances normativos importantes, pero también limitaciones operativas relacionadas con la capacidad institucional, la ausencia de presupuestos con enfoque de género y la débil articulación intersectorial en algunos municipios. Se identifican brechas significativas entre el diseño formal de la política y su materialización en el territorio, lo que evidencia que la voluntad política local sigue siendo un factor determinante pero insuficiente. El estudio concluye que la equidad de género como objetivo de política pública solo puede consolidarse en el ámbito municipal si se fortalecen las capacidades territoriales y se incorpora un enfoque estructural que trascienda la intervención asistencialista. El artículo aporta una lectura crítica de la descentralización de las políticas de género y ofrece criterios analíticos útiles para futuras evaluaciones territoriales. [This article examines the territorial implementation of the Public Policy on Women and Gender Equity in the municipalities of Boyacá, Colombia, assessing its level of progress and institutional articulation at the local level. A qualitative documentary-descriptive approach was applied through the analysis of municipal development plans, monitoring reports, local agreements, and official policy instruments, complemented by a critical review of specialized academic literature. The study also incorporates a contextual comparative framework with policy experiences from Argentina, Peru, and Chile, broadening the regional understanding of gender policy implementation in Latin America. Findings reveal significant normative progress; however, operational limitations persist due to institutional weaknesses, lack of gender-responsive budgeting, and insufficient intersectoral coordination in some municipalities. The study identifies a persistent gap between policy formulation and practical implementation, indicating that political will, while necessary, is not sufficient to ensure effective gender equity strategies at the territorial level. The article concludes that advancing gender equity as a public policy goal requires strengthening territorial capacities and overcoming fragmented programmatic approaches rooted in assistentialism. This study contributes a critical perspective on gender policy decentralization and provides analytical criteria for future territorial evaluations].
This mixed-methods study investigated the role of financial literacy as a tool for empowering women, building peace, and resolving conflicts in urban informal settlements of Talisay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Thirty women participated in a six-week financial literacy program designed to enhance their economic competence and foster relational harmony. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired-samples t-tests, while qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions were analyzed by the researcher using a thematic approach. Results revealed a significant improvement in participants’ financial awareness across all six domains—budgeting, saving and debt management, investing, banking and credit, taxes, and estate planning from moderate awareness to high and very high awareness. Qualitative findings highlighted pre-program struggles with unstable income, indebtedness, and household conflict, which gradually transformed into enhanced financial confidence, communication, and cooperation after the intervention. Guided by Galtung’s peace theory and Thomas and Kilmann’s conflict response framework, the study argues that financial literacy can serve as a peacebuilding mechanism by reducing economic stress, promoting equitable decision-making, and strengthening women’s sense of agency. Overall, the findings underscore that context-sensitive financial education is not merely an economic intervention but a catalyst for personal empowerment and social harmony in marginalized communities.
Billions of individuals continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity as organizations continuously explore different organizational forms that generate improved societal outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that only a few organizations are guided by the principle of dignity, a concept that runs deep in every person. These dignity-centered organizations are gaining increasing attention for their tremendous potential for human flourishing. However, what constitutes these organizations remains an underexplored but urgent research area. Thus, Indigenous social enterprises may provide a natural experimental environment to explore such dignity-centered organizations as they regularly blend Indigenous cultural values and Western business practices to create humane organizational forms. Therefore, in this research, we examine how dignity contributes to resolving long-standing injustices and overcoming well-being barriers in Indigenous tourism enterprises; this aim also addresses new elements that are often overlooked as fundamental to dignity-centered organizations. Through the yarning research method and secondary data analysis, results highlight the role of cultural preservation, cultural reaffirmation, and strong, meaningful connections at work as central elements of dignity restoration and human flourishing. This research also addresses gaps in the literature on how Indigenous enterprises manage cultural and commercial imperatives simultaneously, the relationship between cultural objectives and economic opportunities for Indigenous people, and the intersection of indigeneity, entrepreneurship, culture, and knowledge. [Miles de millones de personas continúan viviendo en la pobreza y se ven privadas de una vida digna, mientras las organizaciones exploran de forma continua distintos modelos organizativos que generen mejores resultados sociales. La evidencia reciente sugiere que solo unas pocas organizaciones se guían por el principio de la dignidad, un concepto profundamente arraigado en cada persona. Estas organizaciones centradas en la dignidad están recibiendo una atención creciente por su enorme potencial para el florecimiento humano. Sin embargo, qué es lo que constituye este tipo de organizaciones sigue siendo un ámbito de investigación insuficientemente explorado, pero urgente. En este sentido, las empresas sociales indígenas pueden ofrecer un entorno experimental natural para examinar organizaciones centradas en la dignidad, ya que combinan de manera habitual valores culturales indígenas y prácticas empresariales occidentales para crear formas organizativas más humanas. Por ello, en esta investigación examinamos cómo la dignidad contribuye a resolver injusticias históricas y a superar barreras para el bienestar en empresas turísticas indígenas; este objetivo también aborda nuevos elementos que a menudo se pasan por alto como fundamentales para las organizaciones centradas en la dignidad. A través del método de investigación del yarning y del análisis de datos secundarios, los resultados ponen de relieve el papel de la preservación cultural, la reafirmación cultural y las conexiones sólidas y significativas en el trabajo como elementos centrales de la restauración de la dignidad y del florecimiento humano. Esta investigación también aborda lagunas en la literatura sobre cómo las empresas indígenas gestionan simultáneamente los imperativos culturales y comerciales, la relación entre los objetivos culturales y las oportunidades económicas para los pueblos indígenas, y la intersección entre indigeneidad, emprendimiento, cultura y conocimiento].
This article delineates the outcomes of the design and validation procedure of the Macho Behavior and Perception of Positive Masculinities Attitudes Scale within Complex Environments, incorporating its theoretical, expert, and statistical validations. Methodologically, it elucidates the findings from a pilot study executed among a student demographic at a Mexican university. The article posits that this tool facilitates the precise identification of its proposed variables, establishing itself as a credible measure for assessing the prevalence of macho behaviors and the perception of attitudes linked to positive masculinity. Furthermore, this tool serves as an augmentation of existing scales that, while quantifying macho behaviors, overlook the significance of also evaluating attitudes toward the cultivation of positive masculinity.
Colonialism, eugenics, structural racism, patriarchalism, and social class inequalities have been constructed and reproduced and legitimated by the State in institutions, religion, politics, communication media, and family.
Using a socio-ecological framework, this qualitative study provides an understanding of the context of child welfare workers' worries and concerns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is part of a larger mixed-methods research project that included qualitative interviews with child welfare workers to explore approaches to child welfare services and child safety interventions for newcomer families during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main question that frames this study is how Ontario workers and managers managed their worries and concerns about the pandemic. The participants we interviewed talked about their personal safety and navigating modified work during the pandemic. The fear of getting sick with COVID-19 when visiting multiple families resulted in stress and anxiety for some workers. For others, work modifications resulting from the pandemic created challenges in terms of childcare, increased isolation due to working remotely, case assignments/planning, and blurred family/work boundaries. Child welfare workers in Ontario felt excluded from the provincial designation "essential service workers” during the pandemic, making them feel that their work was unacknowledged by the government. Despite this lack of a designation, we centralize the issue of essential work in our analysis to underscore the challenges faced by child welfare workers and the potential supports that can be provided in and out of their work settings as the pandemic continues to unfold.
