The provincial council was a government and administrative body, composed of deputies, established in the province of Valladolid, Michoac & aacute;n, two hundred years ago, which gave rise to the state of Michoac & aacute;n. The objective of this work is to study how the provincial council was established in Michoac & aacute;n based on the approach of paternal or oe conomic government, the basis of jurisdictional culture, paying attention to the deputies as political actors in relation to the status of father of the family, neighbor, citizen, individual and in their functions in terms of police, common good and good government.
After the defeat in the battle of Ayacucho, the officers of the royalist army returned to a Spain in which Ferdinand VII had regained absolute power. The article examines the fate of the defeated, using the examples of two top officers, Ger & oacute;nimo Vald & eacute;s and Jos & eacute; de Canterac, as a reference. It follows their trajectory since, after a time of relegation, they were summoned to defend the rights of the future Isabel II and came to occupy military and political positions before Espartero raised the Ayacuchos during his Regency. They are placed in the unstable process of constructing the liberal State, and it is underlined how a constant in their actions and public manifestations was the defense of their honor, both during times of absolutism and liberalism.
The article examines the work of Melchor Martinez, Memoria hist & oacute;rica sobre la revoluci & oacute;n de Chile, which was composed at the king's order in 1815 (Ferdinand VII). From the perspective of the history of historiography, the analysis examines the political context of the work's production, the methodological debates that informed its preparation, and the explanatory hypotheses that guided the author's narrative. The article examines how this work highlights the epistemological dilemmas of writing the history of the revolution in the present day and the politicization of historiography during the Spanish-American independence era.
This paper examines traffic regulations in the State of Michoac & aacute;n between 1940 and 2007, intending to characterize them as control devices employed by state authorities to reinforce the legitimacy they sought in regulating mobility within public spaces. This suggests that it is we, the human beings, who set control standards for technology, rather than the other way around, since technology is not autonomous in itself. Therefore, we will observe the changes in regulations and the discursive strategies they employ to validate the strict control exercised by the State over a practice that is supposed to be a vital necessity, but which is marked by limits, surveillance, and punishments.
The International Congress of Americanists (ICA) is the main periodic scientific meeting in its field of knowledge. It has been supported by the leading figures of Americanism throughout its history and has been ongoing since 1875. In 1964, the XXXVI ICA was organized in Spain. Government support evidenced Francos interest in strengthening the relationship between Spain and America, linked by a "shared" colonial past. In this work, we analyze different parallel sessions organized around a topic that is particularly interesting for illustrating issues related to nationalism: the controversial and politicized concept of indigenism. contribute to the nationalism of countries on both sides of the Atlantic, we attempt to identify the differences in approach between Americans and Spaniards. To carry out the research, we used, among other sources, the papers presented, with the premise that one of the main criteria for selecting the places for the congresses is the relevance of their Americanism at that time.
The primary purposes of this article are, first of all, to specify the state of historical research regarding the relationships and forms of collaboration of Latin American countries with the International Educational Cinematograph Institute (Rome, 1928-1937) dependent on the League of Nations; and assess, secondly, the current possibilities and facilities for research on the subject, paying greater attention to the electronic resources and digital funds currently available and which I consider essential to define a research paradigm -generally remote- in the present and the immediate future.
In October 1634, the foundations were laid to transfer the administration of the Hospital San Pedro de Santaf & eacute; to the Friars of the Order of San Juan de Dios. This process was carried out in strict compliance with the legal norms of the time. However, the subsequent appointment of a chaplain to the hospital by the Archbishop of Santaf & eacute; led to a conflict with the religious. The present study examines this little-studied episode in the legal and institutional history of San Pedro Hospital following the Juaninos' takeover of its administration in 1635.
This paper describes the commemorations published in the CROM magazine, related to Mexico's Independence and its heroes, between 1925 and 1928. The aim is to observe how national history was presented in a medium aimed at workers and how it was articulated in the formation of "workers' memories", as part of a policy guiding the Mexican labor movement and established from an officialist standpoint. In addition, the commemorations presented in the publication are also explained in relation to nearby commemorative references, such as the centennials of Mexican Independence.
Concern about racial degeneration was present in Mexico since the final decades of the 19th century. Since then, various theories and schools of thought have been embraced by Mexican physicians and intellectuals. Social Darwinism and degenerationism have significantly influenced conceptions of social progress in the country, especially the idea of "racial homogenization" and the control of inheritance mechanisms. The purpose of this text is to analyze how the postrevolutionary Mexican state implemented public policies that intervened in aspects such as population development and even sexuality, to prevent "racial degeneration".
This work examines Mexico's role in Republican Spain, both before and during the war, as well as in exile. Through original perspectives and new primary sources from several countries, this paper incorporates the most relevant historiographical contributions of recent years, starting with the author's own works over the past decade. The new contributions are inserted within the framework of the general historiographical balance, and an interpretative rigor is exposed in contrast to the reiteration of commonplaces and pre-established discourses, which have mainly characterized the academic and media production on the subject.
This chapter examines the activities undertaken by US cultural diplomacy in the field of Argentine educational cinema during World War II. Based on a historical analysis of its development and its connection to contemporary pedagogical debates, the scope and impact of this concept on the country's school networks are reconstructed. Likewise, evidence is presented that allows us to consider these practices as a highly relevant precedent for the institutionalization of educational cinema that would occur under Peronism.
Following the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and the establishment of the League of Nations (SDN), a series of initiatives focused on Intellectual Cooperation were initiated. The least studied is the one dedicated to the history of the International Educational Cinematographic Institute, whose headquarters were in Rome and existed between 1928 and 1937. Of this vast macro-universe, the present work selects a small part, that of Gabriela Mistral, a collaborator and the only female member of the Council of the Institute of Rome, as well as the only representative from Latin America. As a mediator of intellectual networks, she knew how to utilize this space to function as an advisor and propagandist, thereby granting legitimacy to the Institute on the American continent. Beyond the reconstruction of her work, this article reflects on the meanings of << educational internationalism >> during the interwar period, thereby complicating the debate on international history.
This article seeks to analyze the Mexican diplomacy during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The event had a significant impact on the international system, as the world was on the brink of a nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. By the same token, it is essential to examine the role that the Mexican government adopted in that conflict. The essay focuses on Mexico's participation in the October 23, 1962, meeting of the Council of the OAS. At that summit, the United States proposed a resolution to legitimize a naval blockade and to demand that the Soviet Union withdraw its missiles in Cuba. The interesting point is that the directions from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE) of Mexico to the representatives in the OAS were to vote "abstention" on the resolution "as a whole". However, in the end, there was a shift in the instructions, and the vote was "yes". In this context, the central objective of this article is to explain why the Mexican government changed its decision, drawing on diplomatic theories.
The primary objective of this research is to examine the role of state-owned and state-participating companies in the oil sector before the creation of PEMEX. We aim to understand how these entities contributed to the new company's technical capacity in hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, as well as their impact on the technical capacity of the distribution, marketing, and refining phases. In this article, we examine the historical role of these companies and analyze the scope and limitations they faced in operating in a domestic market dominated by large foreign oil companies.
Educational cinema has generally been linked to the classroom. However, in the context of Chile and Mexico, the classroom was not the only place where cinema was used to educate: theaters, workplaces (such as factories), municipal auditoriums, among others, were places that also functioned as cinematographic spaces that were transformed into classrooms to the extent that the ultimate action consider that it is not only films that circulate, but also cameras, lenses, and other types of technological spare parts that move and make the experience possible in all those spaces where cinema was given an educational imprint. This article explores what was understood by educational cinema (at the national and supranational levels), and then explores which films circulated and where. The sources used come from national archives, periodicals, and bulletins from ministries, secretariats, and universities.
La historia precortesiana de Michoacán ha despertado el interés de mu-chos talentos de primer orden, consagrados al estudio de nuestrasantigüedades, por haber sido esta parte del territorio del actual México, elasiento de un señorío fuerte, que fue rival nunca vencido del pueblo azte-ca; con una organización económico-social muy avanzada, en comparacióncon las tribus circundantes; por la dulzura y perfección de su idioma; por ladestreza que tuvieron para ejecutar sus artes menores y por la riqueza delos productos naturales que su suelo ha contenido.Jesús Romero Flores (1940)
