Introduction: There is interest in conducting studies using the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), whose validity is characterised by its robustness and high quality, supported by the evaluation of its measurement properties, the result of an exhaustive methodology. In addition to the documentary review, we sought to evaluate the quality of the scientific evidence of the SOC. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted on the measurement properties applied in the validation process of the Sense of Coherence Scale in its different versions, following the guidelines established by the COSMIN methodology for the evaluation of methodological quality and SANRA for the evaluation of quality. Results: In terms of psychometric properties, the following were assessed as sufficient in terms of overall quality: structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity, criterion validity, construct validity, and responsiveness; measurement error was the property that was assessed as indeterminate in most items. Quality of scientific evidence: as evidence, reliability was moderate, and measurement error was low. The rest of the properties were rated as high in quality. Although the methodological quality assessment of structural and criterion validity was "very good," not all results were sufficient. Conclusion: The Sense of Coherence Scale can be used as a valid and reliable tool in different populations.
Introduction: Congenital rectal atresia is a rare anorectal malformation characterized by a normal-appearing anus with an interruption of the rectal canal a few centimeters from the dentate line. Its clinical signs mimic other causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction, and diagnosis may be delayed if anal patency is not properly assessed. Case Presentation: A full-term male newborn presenting with abdominal distension, vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. The initial evaluation reported a “permeable anus,” leading to a misdiagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. At 3 days of life, a laparotomy was performed, revealing a colonic perforation. A second procedure confirmed the diagnosis of rectal atresia. Surgical management was performed in stages: colostomy, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty with end-to-end anastomosis, and colostomy closure at 11 months. The patient had a favorable clinical and functional outcome. Discussion: The normal appearance of the anus can delay diagnosis. The neonatal physical examination should include instrumental verification of anal patency. The staged surgical approach allowed for patient stabilization, definitive diagnosis, and successful reconstruction, consistent with reports in the literature. Conclusion: Rectal atresia should be suspected in neonates with signs of lower intestinal obstruction despite a normal-appearing anus. Early diagnosis and timely surgical management are essential for a favorable outcome.
Objective: To explore family factors and parenting practices associated with the use of physical violence by caregivers of children under four years of age in Santa Marta (Colombia). The study seeks to understand the early socialization dynamics that favor physical punishment, identify risk and protective factors, and provide evidence for designing positive parenting interventions with a contextual and rights-based approach. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study was conducted with 57 caregivers involved in programs run by the Colombian Family Welfare Institute (ICBF). Structured and validated surveys were administered to characterize sociodemographic variables, routines, emotional bonds, and disciplinary practices. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi software, with descriptive statistics and national and international ethical criteria. Results: 75.4% of caregivers acknowledged resorting to physical punishment, and 47.4% used aggressive verbal expressions. These behaviors were linked to economic precariousness, community violence (42%), and parental stress. Even with close relationships (94.7%), 30% of children exhibited challenging behaviors. Structured routines and support from family networks acted as protective factors. Conclusions: Physical violence against children reflects structural and emotional causes. Reducing it requires strengthening positive parenting, fostering emotional bonds, and coordinating intersectoral actions that alleviate family stress in vulnerable contexts.
Introduction: This case describes an unusual presentation of complicated pneumoniasecondary to aspiration and subsequent migration of a vegetable foreign body into thepulmonary space in an infant. This rare occurrence, scarcely documented in our country, involved the intraoperative discovery of a grass awn partially embedded within thepulmonary parenchyma and extending into the pleural cavity. This case expands thecurrent knowledge regarding late complications associated with aspirated vegetableforeign bodies and underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic value of video-assistedthoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Case Report: The infant presented with persistent cough, fever, and progressiverespiratory distress that had been ongoing for two months. Physical examinationrevealed signs of respiratory failure, chest radiography showed pleural effusion, andCT tomography revealed pulmonary consolidation and septated pleural effusion withareas of cavitation in the right hemithorax. Pneumonia complicated by pleural effusionwas suspected; therefore, surgery was performed, during which an organic vegetableforeign body was removed. Conclusion: Aspiration of vegetable foreign bodies may present atypically and progress to severe complications if not promptly diagnosed. A thorough clinical history andvideo-assisted thoracoscopy serve as essential diagnostic and therapeutic tools, anda multidisciplinary approach supports favorable clinical outcomes.
Introduction: Hypoxic hepatitis is liver damage resulting from centrilobular ischemia. Clinical case: We present the case of a 38-year-old patient, at 35,50 weeks of gestation, diagnosed with premature rupture of membranes and scheduled for cesarean section. She developed postpartum hemorrhage, leading to multiple organ failure, hypoxic-ischemic hepatitis, and coagulopathy. Results: Treatment included renal replacement therapy, prothrombin factors, and erythropoietin, which controlled the bleeding. By day seven, aminotransferases decreased. Conclusions: Early recognition of diagnostic criteria and prompt resolution of the underlying cause are crucial for the prognosis of hypoxic hepatitis in pregnancy. Keywords: Liver failure acute, Pregnancy, Postpartum hemorrhage, Case report, therapeutics, differential diagnosis.
Introduction: During the period from 2020 to 2024, epidemiological surveillance of malaria in Tabasco faces significant challenges due to population mobility factors and the COVID-19 pandemic. The introduction of imported cases hinders the elimination of the disease in the region, requiring a detailed analysis of the epidemiological evolution and factors associated with transmission. Objective: To determine the epidemiological situation of malaria in the Mexican Southeast during the period 2020 – 2024. Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted. The sample included Plasmodium spp. Positive cases recorded in Tabasco between 2020 and 2024. The variables were grouped as follows time, identification, epidemiological, diagnosis, signs and symptoms. For the data summary, an environment was designed for capture in Excel and SPSS v25. The data were analyzed according to their nature. Results: Plasmodium vivax was the only species detected among the cases. Most patients were young adults, with an average age of 30.4 years, and a predominance of males. There was an increase in imported cases, mainly from Latin American and Asian countries. The municipalities with the highest concentration of cases were Centro, Tenosique and Huimanguillo, confirming the presence of active transmission hotspots in these areas. Conclusion: Analysis of the epidemiological situation of malaria in the state of Tabasco during period from 2020 to 2024 confirms he persistence of active transmission in the region, with Plasmodium vivax as the only species detected. The characterization of patients shows an average age of 30.4 years, with males predominating. Likewise, it was observed that 66.7% of the cases were classified as imported highlighting the importance of population mobility in the epidemiology of malaria in Tabasco.
Introduction. We characterize changes in the eating habits of medical students and their possible impact on health and academic performance. Objective. To describe patterns before and during university life and identify differences by gender and who is responsible for food preparation. Methodology. Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study in Manizales, Colombia (n=106; purposive sampling). Digital questionnaire on food preparation, eating patterns, breakfast, consumption of ultra-processed foods, fruits/vegetables, hydration, and energy drinks. Analysis in Jamovi 2.6.44: descriptive; Wilcoxon for paired comparisons; Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner; p<0.05. Results. Daily meals decreased (3.05 to 2.60; Wilcoxon: W=1531, p<0.001; r=0.52). Skipping meals was common (59.4%), mainly due to lack of time. Only 31.1% ate breakfast daily; 10.4% almost never did. 8.5% ate ≥5 servings/day of fruits/vegetables. Water intake was 3.34 glasses/day (median=3) and energy drink consumption showed high asymmetry (mean=1.41/week; median=0). Perceptions: less healthy eating (64.1%), irregular schedules (70.8%), and less physical activity (71.7%). By gender, greater omission in women (χ²(1)=4.04; p=0.044; ε²=0.038). Conclusions. The transition to university is associated with less healthy patterns. Campus policies are urgently needed to facilitate balanced nutrition, hydration, and nutritional education to support health and academic performance.
Introduction: The Wayuu ethnic group is mainly distributed in La Guajira, Colombia. Multiple factors, including ethnicity, determine head and face shape and related indices. They also affect oral and general health, as well as measures such as weight, height, and head circumference. This study describes oral health, somatic growth, and nutritional status of Wayuu children and adolescents in La Guajira. Materials and methods: Prospective cross-sectional study with 538 participants aged 2–17 years from Riohacha and Nazareth. Random and systematic errors were calculated; descriptive and Pearson correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 Results: Average facial index corresponded to euriprosopus and brachyfacial; cranial index was brachycephalic. 44% had at least one tooth with caries, 39% gingival inflammation. 63.6% were underweight for age. Conclusion: Oral health, somatic, and craniofacial growth were described, exploring correlations of craniofacial growth profiles.
We report the case of a woman in her eighth decade who developed atrial fibrillationand a type 2 non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (type 2 NSTEMI) after intravenousadministration of 20 mg hyoscine butylbromide as premedication for colonoscopy. Coronary angiography showed no obstructive lesions.Main findings: Onset was sudden, 2 minutes after administration of hyoscine butylbromide, with oppressive retrosternal chest pain radiating to the jaw, dyspnea, diaphoresisand palpitations. Physical examination revealed marked hypotension and tachycardia.Electrocardiogram demonstrated new-onset atrial fibrillation without ischemic ST–Tchanges. High-sensitivity troponin T was significantly elevated and transthoracic echocardiography showed segmental wall-motion abnormalities of the basal anterolateral wall.Diagnosis, interventions and outcome: A diagnosis of type 2 NSTEMI secondary tounstable atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response—likely triggered by an adversereaction to hyoscine butylbromide—was made. The patient underwent coronary catheterization without evidence of coronary stenosis. Management included hemodynamicsupport with intravenous fluids, beta-blocker therapy, statin therapy, initial antiplatelettherapy and anticoagulation. She had a favorable clinical course and was dischargedon a beta-blocker and oral anticoagulation. Conclusions:• Acute myocardial infarction may result from mechanisms other than atheroscleroticcoronary obstruction, notably supply–demand mismatch.• Hyoscine butylbromide, although commonly associated with xerostomia, constipationand nausea, can be associated with serious cardiovascular adverse events thatrequire prompt recognition and management.• Retrosternal chest pain requires a broad differential diagnosis (including pulmonary embolism and acute coronary syndromes); an accurate and timely diagnosticapproach is essential.
Parasites (a term etymologically referring to those that feed off others) are organisms that, in order to survive, live inside or outside another being (the host) either temporarily or permanently, almost always to the host’s detriment; however, they can also have positive effects on their hosts by interacting, in their various evolutionary forms (including their molecules), with diverse mechanisms in both human and non-human animals, in a symbiotic relationship for mutual benefit [1, 2].
For decades, perinatal and paediatric care has been based on a modelfocused almost exclusively on the mother and the mother-child dyad. Whilethis approach has been fundamental to improving maternal and child healthindicators, it has also inadvertently contributed to the systematic exclusion of fathers from the processes of care, support and decision-makingsurrounding birth and early childhood. In a context where shared parentalresponsibility is recognized as a key determinant of family well-being, it ispertinent to critically question this model and review fatherhood in healthservices.
Local anesthetics are used daily in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, so their unsafe use must be prevented through medical education to avoid adverse effects derived from their use. Objectives: To describe the knowledge and practices related to the safe use of local anesthetics among final-year medical students in Medellín. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study using a non-probability sampling approach, surveying 200 adult students in their final year of medical school enrolled at universities in Medellín. Students who indicated they had not taken anesthesiology courses and who did not provide informed consent were excluded. Sociodemographic variables, variables related to the education received regarding the safe use of local anesthetics, and the frequency of preventive practices when administering them were evaluated. Results: 88% of respondents reported having received education regarding the safe use of local anesthetics. Lidocaine was the most commonly used anesthetic, at 94.5%. A predominance of students was unfamiliar with the maximum safe dose of lidocaine. Fifty-one percent of respondents rarely or never calculated the maximum safe dose before administering a local anesthetic, 45% rarely or never monitored vital signs, and 27% rarely or never administered the drug in the presence of a teacher. Seventy-five percent of respondents felt unprepared to manage local anesthetic poisoning. Conclusion: The students surveyed presented deficient knowledge regarding local anesthetics and a poor application of preventive strategies to reduce the risks of administering these drugs.
Care is a human activity characterised as a relationship and processwhose goal goes beyond illness. In nursing, care is considered the essential core of the field and encompasses not only the recipient but also thenurse who provides it (1).
Introduction: Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor and non-motor symptoms, including depression, one of the most prevalent and debilitating comorbidities. Strength training (ST) can be effective in both improving physical functionality and reducing depressive symptoms in people with PD, promoting neuroplasticity and psychological benefits. This study investigated the impact of depression in individuals with PD. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of ET on depression in PD patients were selected. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost databases were consulted, resulting in 1341 studies initially, of which the inclusion criteria were met. Methodological quality was assessed using the TESTEX tool and risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. Results: The three studies included 206 participants (mean age of 64.6 years). The protocols ranged from 8 to 24 weeks, with a frequency of 1 to 2 weekly sessions. Two studies observed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in quality of life after SSD ST. One study, which compared ST and mindfulness yoga, highlighted additional benefits of yoga on spiritual well-being, although ST had a greater impact on physical functionality. Conclusion: ST showed promise in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with PD, but future studies should standardize protocols and expand samples to validate its effects. Integrated interventions that consider physical and mental health can offer more effective therapeutic approaches.
Abstract Introduction: Visual health during the early years of life is essential for a child's overall development, as it influences learning, socialization, and environmental exploration. In Colombia, Resolution 3280 of 2018 established the Comprehensive Health Care Routes (RIAS), including specific actions for visual care from early childhood, with the goal of ensuring early detection of visual impairments. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge and practice of general practitioners regarding the visual care pathway for early childhood, according to Resolution 3280 of 2018, in a State Social Enterprise (ESE) in Risaralda during the first semester of 2025. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a Risaralda ESE with 25 general practitioners. A KAP-type questionnaire, validated by experts, was used and applied by health audit students. Data was collected through Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive statistics in Excel. The study was classified as minimal risk according to Resolution 8430 of 1993. Results: 96 % of participants reported being familiar with Resolution 3280 of 2018, but only 76 % apply it in their clinical practice. Technical weaknesses were observed in areas such as visual screening (44 %) and the red reflex test (52 %). Only 48 % reported performing a complete ocular history. Conclusion: Although there is a high level of general knowledge, gaps remain in practical application. It is recommended to implement andragogical educational strategies, such as clinical case studies and infographics, to improve pediatric visual care.
Introduction: Neurogenic bladder refers to lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) of neurological origin; it has multiple causes, primarily resulting from spinal cord injuries, tumors, or neurodegenerative diseases. This dysfunction manifests in various ways depending on the location of the injury, presenting diverse symptoms. Objective: To conduct a literature review that, based on scientific evidence, contributes to the strengthening and consolidation of a well-reasoned nursing framework for decision-making and direct care interventions for individuals with neurological injuries leading to NLUTD. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted between September 2023 and May 2024, following the six-stage approach proposed by Whittemore and Knalf. The bibliographic databases consulted were: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and ScienceDirect. The selection process followed the steps suggested by PRISMA 2020. The analysis was conducted through in-depth reading, and the extracted data were compared, classified, and grouped to facilitate the analysis and synthesis process, allowing the information to be consolidated into seven central themes. Results: Nursing staff must understand the pathophysiology, clinical and urodynamic diagnosis, treatment options, complications, and nursing criteria grounded in nursing theories to make informed decisions regarding the care of individuals with neurogenic bladder. Conclusions: An individualized analysis of patients with neurogenic bladder is essential, based on comprehensive pathophysiological knowledge, accurate urodynamic interpretation, therapeutic options, evidence-based recommendations, and the incorporation of nursing theoretical models to guide the care of individuals with this condition, thereby improving short-, medium-, and long-term clinical outcomes.
Introduction. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a surgical treatment for localized prostate cancer. Understanding health-related quality of life is essential to support patients in decision-making processes. Objective. To analyze differences in health-related quality of life among patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP). Methods. Two questionnaires were administered: the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) to assess health-related quality of life and another questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction levels. Results. The average final score was 11.1 ± 2.05 SD, with the sexual domain being the most affected, followed by urinary incontinence. Most patients (45.5%) reported feeling somewhat satisfied. Conclusions.The average final EPIC-CP score was below 12, showing significant differences associated with age, absence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking), and lower International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade.
Introduction: Lactate and subjective perception of effort (SPE) are common markers of internal load; however, their convergence in maximal anaerobic efforts and in the Latin American university population is limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between subjective perception of effort (SPE) and post-exercise lactacidemia in healthy young people. Methods: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study in 211 participants (18-53 years) who completed a 60-second continuous jump test (CJ60). Capillary lactate was measured before and 5 minutes after exercise; SPE was recorded at the end. Spearman's correlations and multiple linear regression were applied for Δ lactate, with number of jumps, sex, age, basal lactate, and PSE as predictors. Results: Δ lactate was not associated with PSE (ρ=0.07; p=0.298), but it was associated with the number of jumps (ρ=0.57; p<0.001). Men showed higher Δ lactate than women (10.0±2.63 vs. 7.36±3.04 mmol/L). The number of jumps (β=0.107; p<0.001) and male sex (β=1.52; p<0.001) were independent predictors, while age, basal lactate, and PSE were not significant. Conclusions: During brief maximal effort, RPE appears to saturate and does not reflect metabolic load; its use in isolation may underestimate individual differences. It is recommended to supplement subjective monitoring with objective measurements (e.g., lactate).
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, with a significant increase in recent decades. The PREVENT scale, developed by the American Heart Association, aims to enhance cardiovascular risk prediction by incorporating epidemiological changes and emerging risk factors. External validation is essential to ensure its applicability in specific populations such as the Colombian population. Objective: To evaluate the calibration and discrimination of the PREVENT scale for cardiovascular risk estimation in older adults from northwestern Colombia and compare it with the pooled cohort equations. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted using public health data from Bucaramanga. Demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were included in a representative sample of older adults. Competitive risk regression models and ROC curve analysis were applied to compare the predictive performance of PREVENT and the pooled cohort equations. Results: A total of 10,541 participants were analyzed, with a mean age of 65.67 years, a female predominance (68.8%), and a high prevalence of hypertension (81.4%) and diabetes (28.2%). PREVENT demonstrated superior discrimination (C-statistic: 0.870; 95% CI 0.862-0.878) compared to the pooled cohort equations (0.852; 95% CI 0.846-0.858; p<0.001), with better calibration in men. Conclusions: The PREVENT scale exhibited high discriminative capacity and acceptable calibration, outperforming the pooled cohort equations. Its implementation could improve cardiovascular risk prediction and patient stratification in the Colombian population.
