Background and Objective: Municipal solid waste management has always been challenging in developing countries.Numerous waste management technologies, including landfill operations, pyrolysis and incineration are now available.However, these technologies frequently come with drawbacks (operational and maintenance issues) and have detrimental effects on the environment.In this regard, ongoing work is being done to create environmentally friendly technologies to address waste management issues.In response to these difficulties, Black Soldier Fly Larval (BSFL) biodegradation has emerged as an outstanding green waste management strategy.It hasnʼt, however, received much research.Therefore, the current study was to investigate the efficiency of larval treatment on a substrate containing varying proportions of water hyacinth, fruit waste and manure.Materials and Methods: Five feeding trays with different proportions of water hyacinth, fruit waste and manure were 65:25:10 (T1), 50:40:10 (T2), 35:55:10 (T3), 15:75:10 (T4) and 10:80:10 (T5), respectively.The percentage biomass conversion ratio (BCR), the effectiveness of waste reduction and the percentage growth of larvae were measured.Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used in the experimentʼs design.Results: So, with a 2050% increase in initial larvae weight, 85.4% waste reduction efficiency and a biomass conversion rate of 30.71%,T3 had the best outcomes, followed by T5, T4, T2 and T1.The BSFLʼs growth performance, waste reduction effectiveness and biomass conversion ratio were remarkably high.The highest growth performance, reduction efficiency and conversion ratio of larvae reared on water hyacinth, fruit waste and manure may be attributed to a nutritionally balanced diet.Conclusion: Therefore, the different proportions of water hyacinth, fruit waste and manure fed to larvae significantly influence the percentage growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and biomass conversion ratio of the larvae.
Background and Objective: Indoor radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoking, according to the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) study.The soil under the house or the building is the main source of indoor radon in the homes, buildings and other residential objects.Other sources are construction materials, groundwater and natural gas.The present work aimed to assess the radon concentration in student residence buildings and their impact on health.Materials and Methods: In this study, the indoor radon concentration in the student residence was measured using the digital radon detector air things of Corentium in fourteen buildings.Results: The long-term concentration of radon in university residences varies from 2-9 Bq mG 3 at Patte dʼOie, from 4-15 Bq mG 3 at KOSSODO, from 10-19 Bq mG 3 at IDS, from 14-191 Bq mG 3 at UTS and 4-11 Bq mG 3 at BOBO.The results show a higher concentration of radon in the buildings of the university residences were measured at UTS with average values of 65.86 Bq mG 3 for the long term and 53.90 Bq mG 3 for the short term.The radon effective dose equivalent in building 2 at UTS student residence (8.249 mSv/year) was slightly larger than the limit of the recommended action level (3-10 mSv/year) as reported by the ICRP-1993.The RRLC range was from 1.003-1.126with an average of 1.02 is almost negligible.Conclusion: Results concluded that the relative risk of lung cancer in the student residence building varied from 1.003 to 1.126 with an average of 1.02.
Background and Objective: Biomphalaria species widely distributed all over the Egyptian Governorates considered as an the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni.This study aimed to investigate the interspecific variations between two Biomphalaria species that collected from five different governorates namely; Gharbia, Beni Suef, Giza, Menoufia and Qalyubia by the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then comparing using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).Materials and Methods: All wild Biomphalaria snails were collected from the terminal irrigation canals.Laboratory well identified B. alexandrina and B. glabrata were obtained from Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) to be used as a reference snails.The DNA of wild and laboratory snails were extracted and ITS region was amplified using PCR, then comparing using the restriction enzyme Dde I. Results: The present study showed that the amplification of ITS region revealed the appearance of single band with 1100 bp in both wild and laboratory Biomphalaria species.After RFLP profile, three bands of 480, 260 and 100 bp were detected in snails that collected from Giza and Beni Suef governorates.These bands were similar to bands obtained in laboratory B. glabrata.While Gharbia, Menoufia and Qalyubia snailsʼ expressed two bands (480 and 100 bp) only which were similar to laboratory B. alexandrina.Conclusion: Biomphalaria species collected from Giza and Beni Suef governorates were identical to B. glabrata and species that collected from the other governorates were identical to B. alexandrina.
Background and Objective: Water Resource is a critical requirement of human existence for all social and economic endeavors. The occurrence of high human activities, especially in agriculture, tourism and industry breaks the balance between water supply and demand that significantly increases the vulnerability of regions into more damaging impacts. The main objective of this study is to determine the increase in water demand by land-use changes and at the same time to assess the land use and land cover change in the region. Materials and Methods: The research was performed by remote sensing Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal infrared Scanner (OLI/TIRS) 30 m Satellite Imagery analysis. Results: The findings show that the average rate of increase in water demand was estimated at 0.22% each year for domestic, commercial and industrial sector usage and 43.08% per year for the agricultural sector. Conclusion: This study shows how different water extraction by the society through land-use change has affected the water availability throughout the region.
This paper presents the application of the MCNP5 code to conduct a modification design and simulation of a thermal neutron beam for neutron capture studies at the Dalat Nuclear Research Reactor (DNRR). The designed configuration of the horizontal neutron channel No.2 at the DNRR, which contains a conical collimator of 240.3 cm in length, and neutron filters of crystal Al2O3 and Bi with alternative thickness, were simulated. A pure thermal neutron beam can be obtained at the irradiation position when a composition of crystal filter of 20 cm Al2O3 and 6 cm Bi is employed. The thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes are 1.02´108 n/cm2/s (account for 97.92% of total neutron flux) and 0.22´107 n/cm2/s (account for 2.08% of total neutron flux), respectively.
Background and Objective: Workers at construction site are always exposed to high concentration of dusts at their workplace.There are many sources of dusts at construction sites including concrete, silica, asbestos, cement, wood, stone and sand materials used in construction work.Dusts particles inhaled will remain in the lungs and cause irritation to the lungs, as well as excessive mucus secretion, which promotes poor lung function, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and restrictive lung disease.Thus, the main objective of this study was to study the lung function of the construction siteʼs workers.Materials and Methods: A total of 80 individuals were selected, comprising of 40 construction site workers and 40 office workers.Lung function tests were performed using Pony FX spirometer to detect any changes in lung function parameters.Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the percentage of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1 /FVC) were all assessed using the spirometer.Results: The performance of the lung function test on workers at construction site was poorer compared to those of the office workers.Based on Independent t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics 21, there were significance differences (p<.05) in FEV1 and FVC between both groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that exposure to high concentration of dusts may be one of the factors that reduce the lung function among construction workers.
