Background and Objective: The Grand-Lahou area in the Ivory Coast is characterized by intensive use of land for agriculture.It is a location submitted to a high land pressure with poor soil in organic matter.The main research objective of this study was to question how to efficiently restore soil fertility of severely degraded sandy soils in the Grand-Lahou area using palm stalks compost.Materials and Methods: A small-scale composting trial was set up for the production of composts from palm stalks and poultry manure.The characterisation of the mature composts made it possible to define the agronomic potential of this material.The trials were conducted over 2 years from 2018-2019 in a randomized complete block design.Four doses of compost on the soil were tested, including: D 0 = 0, D 1 = 10, D 2 = 20 and D 3 = 40 t haG 1 .Results: At the end of this study, the application of compost to the soil gave satisfactory results by increasing the value of the pH, the total carbon, the total nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, labile carbon and this increase depends on the dose of compost applied with higher values under the D 3 dose which was identified as the best one.Conclusion: Study suggested that the D 3 dose could be recommended to farmers to restore efficiently soil fertility and increase the yield of vegetables in their area conditions.
Background and Objective: Loss of viability is one of the main problems of habanero pepper seeds.After being in storage for more than three months, the speed and final percentage of germination of habanero pepper seeds decrease considerably.The aim of the study was proposed to evaluate hormonal, chemical and physical treatments in the scarification of seeds of habanero pepper Capsicum chinense Jacq. to determine the effect of dormancy on germination and seedling quality.Materials and Methods: The seven treatments were: T 1 (hot water at 50EC/5 min), T 2 (Biozyme TF 1.6% (v/v)/24 hrs), T 3 (Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.5 M/24 hrs), T 4 (Gibberellic acid (AG 3 )) at 400 ppm/20 hrs), T 5 (cold 4EC/48 hrs), T 6 (Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) 3%/24 hrs), T 7 (seeds without treatment).The agronomic parameters evaluated were (a) Germination (%), (b) Germination percentage, (c) Cumulative germination over time (%) and (d) Seedling quality, which was evaluated through the following parameters: seedling height, number of leaves, stem diameter and root length.Results: The data were subjected to analysis of variance.The statistical analysis showed no significant differences in germination percentage between the evaluated treatments ("<0.05).The treatments that showed the highest average values were hot water, Biozyme TF and Gibberellic acid, with germination percentages above 90%.Conclusion: Phytohormonal scarification with Biozyme TF stimulated seed germination and led to 90% of the seeds germinating on the same day, with high-quality seedlings of up to 80-90%.
Background and Objective: White yam is one of the most cultivated and accepted species of yam in Nigeria and its production is constrained by many challenges such as high cost of production and poor yield due to low soil nutrient amongst others.Hence, a study was carried out to evaluate the comparative effect of NPK (15:15:15) and poultry manure on the growth and yield of white yam.Materials and Methods: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.The experiment involved seven treatments: 400 kg haG 1 NPK (15:15:15), 200 kg haG 1 NPK+20 t haG 1 poultry manure (PM), 40 t haG 1 PM, 30 t haG 1 PM, 20 t haG 1 PM, 10 t haG 1 PM and control.NPK fertilizer was applied in about 3 drills made around the plant, while the poultry manure was applied on the mound as mulch at 6 weeks after planting.Results: Results indicated that NPK (15: 15: 15) produced the highest dry matter yield of 20.36 t haG 1 compared to poultry manure treatments which had dry matter yield of 14.93-16.42t haG 1 , while control had 15.21 t haG 1 .The fresh tuber yield of poultry manure treatments varied from 45.89-57.22t haG 1 , while NPK fertilizer and control had fresh tuber yield of 48.22 and 48.67 t haG 1 , respectively.Conclusion: Poultry manure at a rate of 40 t haG 1 effectively increased soil fertility and produced the highest tuber weight and yield.
Background and Objective: The problem of fertilization in Indonesia is indeed complex, especially on palm oil seedling.This study aimed to observe the effect of NPK treatment and frequency of watering to growth and proline of palm oil seedlings in pre-nursery.Materials and Methods: The experiment was done in June-September 2019.This experiment uses the RCBD Factorial method consisting of 2 treatment factors: NPK consists of 3 levels, namely, N 1 = 5.0 g planting per media, N 2 = 10.0 g planting per media, N 3 = 15.0 g planting per media, Frequency of watering consisting of 4 levels namely L 0 = 200 mL water planting per media dayG 1 , L 1 = 200 mL water planting per media daysG 3 , L 2 = 200 mL water planting per media daysG 5 , L 3 = 200 mL water planting per media daysG 7 .The observation variables which reflect plant growth namely plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and one of the characteristics lack of water namely leaf proline.Results: Fertilizer NPK up to 15 g planting per media has a trend increase plant growth of palm oil seedlings in pre-nursery, frequency of watering significantly decreases plant growth, on treatment 200 mL water planting per media daysG 7 increases the proline content about 3.26 mM gG 1 .The combination of NPK fertilizer and frequency of watering has no significant effect.Conclusion: Hence it was concluded that NPK has no significant effect to the growth of seedlings, the frequency of watering which is rarely caused the growth of seedling decreased but the proline content increased in leaves.
Background and Objective: The quality of the plant products is critical for enhancing micronutrient balance in the soil-plant-animalhuman food chain.This study evaluates the time of soil biofortification with Poultry Manure (PM) incorporation on the bioavailability of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in edible plant parts of Amaranthus cruentus that will improve micronutrients and therefore, human nutrition. Materials and Methods:The experimental plots consisted of five intervals of biofortification using PM [1 and 2 WBT (weeks before transplanting), 0, 1 and 2WAT (weeks after transplanting)] arranged in RCBD with four replications.Data collected were: shoot height, shoot biomass yield, shoot micronutrient uptake, as well as the crude protein content of Amaranths.Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA.Results: The results showed that the initial soil chemical properties were low to deficient in essential plant nutrients.Appropriate intervals of biofortification produced higher plant available micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) content.Biofortification of soil with PM at 2 WBT significantly (P<0.001)increased shoot height, shoot biomass yields, micronutrient nutrition, as well as the crude protein content of Amaranths relative to other treatments.The maximum economic return obtained at 2WBT was adjudged to be in better synchrony between nutrient supply and crop demand.The yield difference can be economical on large scale Amaranths cruentus production.Conclusion: Timely intervals of biofortification using PM at two weeks before transplanting (2WBT) was recommended for improving micronutrients nutrition for human consumption of Amaranths cruentus cultivated in tropical rain forest ecological zone of southeastern Nigeria.
Background and Objective: The productivity of shallots in Indonesia is low.Productivity on average is only 9 t haG 1 .That is far from the potential to produce up to 15 t haG 1 .The research aims to evaluate the yield potential of planting material in the form of seed tubers, aerial tubers and in vitro culture tubers.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at experimental field, ecology laboratory and in vitro Culture Laboratory from October, 2018-June, 2019.The study was conducted in two seasons.The first season to produce planting material such as; True Shallot Seed (TSS) tuber seeds, in vitro culture tuber seeds, aerial tubers and consumption tubers.The second season tested with one treatment factor.The experimental design used was complete randomized block design with 3 replications.Results: The results showed that type of planting material that had the highest yield potential was aerial tubers of 17.1 t haG 1 , then followed by in vitro culture of 15.3 t haG 1 and TSS of 9.9 t haG 1 .Consumption tubers has the lowest yield potential of 7.2 t haG 1 . Conclusion:To increase the productivity of shallots, planting material from aerial tubers can be used.
Background and Objective: The study of chemical compositions of the pulp of the argan tree at morocco aim at increasing the industrial and commercial value of the argan tree and avoid the extension of the argan tree.Materials and Methods: After the extraction and purification of the polyphenolic compounds and the essential oils of the argan fruit pulp, high performance liquid chromatography was used to couple with mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy (LC/UV/MS), spectroscopic methods and 1 H and 13 C NMRs to identify the molecular structures of phenolic compounds and essential oils of the fruit pulp of the argan tree.Our work performed a more complete analysis of the phenolic fraction using the liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/MS-ESI) coupling.This technique allowed us to identify 16 phenolic compounds by comparing their LC/MS mass spectrum and their retention time with literature data.Results: The main phenolic compounds found in the fruit of the argan tree are phenolic acids, flavonoids-O-rhamnoglucosides, flavonoids-O-glycosides, flavan-3-ols and flavones.The results also show that the pulp contains a latex which is a polyisoprene whose structure has been elucidated.Furthermore, the GC/MS analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils of the fruit pulp of the argan tree has identified several terpenes, the majority of which are camphor, 1,8-cineole and borneol.The presence of camphor in appreciable quantity in the fruit pulp of the argan tree is very interesting because it has an insecticidal activity, these activities could be valorized on the industrial level.Conclusion: The essential oil of the fruit pulp of the argan tree contains phenolic compounds with antioxidant effect and terpenes with insecticidal effect can lead to its use in phytotherapy.
Background and Objective: The productivity of rice-fish culture mostly depends on the nutrient management and proper fish species selection.A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant nutrient management on the productivity of rice-fish culture.Materials and Methods: High yielding Boro rice variety BRRI dhan 29 was used in this study.Factors included 6 different plant nutrient management viz.(1) No fertilizer/manure, (2) Recommended fertilizer (RF) for rice, (3) 75% RF, (4) Compost at the rate of 10 t haG 1 and (5) Compost at the rate of 5 t haG 1 +75% RF, (vi) Compost at the rate of 5 t haG 1 +50% RF and 3 fish species such as (1) No fish, (2) Tilapia and (3) Common carp.Results: Rice plant growth was significantly affected by nutrient management but not by fish species.All the yield parameters were influenced by nutrient management but only grains/panicle was influenced by fish species.Recommended fertilizer resulted in the highest grain weight/hill.Integration of fish with rice resulted in higher grain weight/hill of rice compared to rice sole culture.Rice sole culture and rice-fish culture produced similar grain yield.Tilapia yielded the highest with 75% RF+compost at the rate of 5 t haG 1 (545 kg haG 1 ) or with 100% RF (514 kg haG 1 ).While for common carp, application of compost at the rate of 5 t haG 1 +50% RF yielded the highest (625 kg haG 1 ).Conclusion: Rice-fish culture was found more remunerative than rice sole culture in terms of net return and benefit cost ratio.Therefore, considering the productivity and profitability, either tilapia or common carp can be integrated with rice following recommended fertilizer application.
Background and Objective: In the rainy season farmers do not want to cultivate shallot because they are afraid of crop failure and cause low shallot production.In addition to providing high dosage of fertilizer they are also sensitive to pathogenic attacks so.This study aimed to know response and correlation between growth analysis and agronomic character in the application of Ammonium Sulphate (AS) fertilizer through the sources of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth analysis and yield of shallot in the rainy season.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Sleman, special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia from August-November, 2019.The study was done by using Randomize Completely Block Design (RCBD) factorial with three replications.The first factor was various dosages of Ammonium Sulphate (AS) fertilizer (150, 250 and 350 kg haG 1 ).The second factor was sources of PGP rhizobacteria from bamboo, gliricidia, peanut and control which was applied by 200 kg haG 1 of urea without PGPR.The observed variables were the analysis of growth and agronomic character component of shallot plant.The analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% of significant then continued by Duncanʼs Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% of significant, it was followed by product moment correlation formula.Results: There were not interaction between Ammonium Sulphate (AS) fertilizer dosage with PGPR sources dosage.The application of Ammonium Sulphate (AS) fertilizer dosage or PGPR source has a significant effect on growth analysis and yield.Conclusion: Cultivation of shallot was in the rainy season with application of 150 kg haG 1 Ammonium Sulphate (AS) the best growth and highest yield provide on PGPR from bamboo source and higher growth and yield than control.There was a significant positive correlation between variables of growth analysis and yield of shallot bulb.
