Tomato cultivation (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plays an important role in Côte d'Ivoire's agricultural system and local economy, contributing to food security and producer incomes. However, despite the use of chemical inputs and organic fertilisers, yields remain below national demand. This situation is mainly linked to soil degradation, phytopathogenic diseases, and attacks by soil-dwelling pests, particularly parasitic nematodes. Among these, root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are recognised as the most harmful, causing root deformities, reduced nutrient uptake, and significant losses in yield and fruit quality. Given the environmental and health limitations of chemical control methods, biological control appears to be a sustainable alternative. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma spp. are widely studied for their biocontrol potential, based on mechanisms of competition, antibiosis, parasitism, and induction of systemic plant resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different strains of Trichoderma spp. in controlling root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato crops, under preventive and curative conditions, as well as their effects on certain agronomic parameters. The experiment involved twelve treatments, each comprising eight plants, for a total of ninety-six plants. Two strains of Trichoderma spp. were applied at a concentration of 10⁷ spores/mL at a rate of 20 mL per plant. Second-stage juveniles (J2) of the nematodes were isolated from egg masses collected from infested lettuce roots. The parameters evaluated included root gall index, nematode density, and certain vegetative growth parameters. The results showed a significant reduction in root gall index and nematode densities in plants treated with Trichoderma spp. (p < 0.05) compared to inoculated controls. However, no significant effect was observed on growth parameters. These results confirm the potential of Trichoderma spp. strains as a sustainable biocontrol tool for root-knot nematodes in vegetable crops. It is recommended that further study should be developed beyond flowering, by evaluating the effect of the strains on fruiting and tomato yield, in order to measure their concrete contribution to agricultural production.

Le gombo (Abelmoschus esculentus L., Moench), culture essentielle en Afrique, est sévèrement menacé par des maladies fongiques compromettant sa productivité. Cette étude visait à évaluer en conditions d’infestation naturelles, l’état sanitaire de sept cultivars en cours de vulgarisation en Côte d’Ivoire. L’expérimentation a été menée sur une superficie de 300 m² selon un dispositif en blocs complètement randomisé avec trois répétitions (3 blocs) et a concerné 420 plants. Les cultivars étudiés (Clemson spineless, Noura F1, Divo, Kopê F1, Djonan F1, Teriman et un cultivar local) ont bénéficié de pratiques culturales optimisées incluant une fertilisation minérale et une protection insecticide à la deltaméthrine. L’analyse phytopathologique a révélé neuf types de symptômes, dont la pourriture du collet, le flétrissement foliaire et les nécroses. L’incidence des maladies a varié selon les cultivars et le cultivar local s’est révélé le plus vulnérable (80,19% d’infection), suivi du cultivar Clemson spineless (60,00%), tandis que le cultivar Noura F1 a montré une meilleure tolérance (13,89%). L’isolement des pathogènes sur le milieu de culture synthétique Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) a permis d’identifier 30 isolats appartenant à six genres majeurs (Sclerotium, Colletotrichum, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium et Oidium), tandis que cinq isolats restent non classés. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité d’intégrer des variétés tolérantes pour sécuriser les rendements et réduire la dépendance aux intrants phytosanitaires. La sélection de cultivars résistants apparaît comme une stratégie efficace pour assurer la durabilité de la culture du gombo en Afrique. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., Moench), an essential crop in Africa, is severely threatened by fungal diseases that compromise its productivity. This study aimed to assess the sanitary status of seven cultivars currently being disseminated in Côte d’Ivoire. The experiment was conducted on a 300 m² area following a completely random Fischer block design with three replications (3 blocks) and involved 420 plants. The studied cultivars (Clemson spineless, Noura F1, Divo, Kopê F1, Djonan F1, Teriman, and a local cultivar) were subjected to optimized practices, including mineral fertilization and insecticidal protection with deltamethrin. Phytopathological analysis revealed nine types of symptoms, including collarbone rot, foliar wilting, and necrosis. Disease incidence varied among cultivars, with the local cultivar being the most vulnerable (80.19% infection), followed by Clemson spineless (60.00%), while Noura F1 exhibited the highest tolerance (13.89%). Pathogen isolation on synthetic Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium identified 30 isolates belonging to six major genera (Sclerotium, Colletotrichum, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Oidium), while five isolates remained unclassified. These findings highlight the necessity of integrating tolerant varieties to secure yields and reduce reliance on phytosanitary inputs. The selection of resistant cultivars appears to be a effective strategy for ensuring the sustainability of okra cultivation in Africa.

Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a major crop constraint. However, considering the limitations of conventional control methods and the environmental challenges associated with the excessive use of synthetic pesticides, exploring plant-based biopesticides appears to be a promising alternative strategy for sustainable management. It is in this context that the present study was initiated to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial potential and characterize the phytochemical profile of aqueous extracts and fermented leaf extracts from Cajanus cajan and two varieties of Ricinus communis against Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. The extracts were prepared from the leaves and then tested using the agar diffusion method to assess their antibacterial activity, compared with the reference biopesticide NECO 50 EC and chloramphenicol. Qualitative phytochemical sorting was also performed to identify the main groups of secondary metabolites present in the extracts and fermented extracts. Most of the tested aqueous extracts and fermented extracts exhibited antibacterial activity after 24 h of incubation, except for R. communis var. zanzibarensis aqueous extract. The best antimicrobial activities were obtained using the biopesticide NECO 50 EC (22,01 mm) and chloramphenicol (27,98 mm). Fermented extract of C. cajan showed consistent inhibition of bacterial growth at all concentrations, with diameters ranging from 9 to 14 mm. However, the antibacterial activity of the extracts was unstable over time, unlike on the positive controls, whose effect was constant. Phytochemical sorting revealed several groups of bioactive compounds in the aqueous extracts, whereas the fermented extracts contained only polyphenols. The antibacterial potential of C. cajan and R. communis extracts against the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex was demonstrated, in line with their richness in secondary metabolites. However, the temporal instability of their activity highlights the need for further research to explore their potential use in sustainable agriculture.

Mango productivity is threatened by dieback and fruit rot from Lasiodiplodia spp. (Botryosphaeriaceae fungal family). We report high-quality genomes of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia euphorbiaceicola, and Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis from Côte d'Ivoire, enhancing genomic resources for comparative and pathogenicity studies of these fungal plant pathogens.

Sugarcane is a tropical plant cultivated for its sugar. It is an important crop in Cote dIvoire, where it is used for the production of sugar, ethanol, and other byproducts. Despite its contribution to the countrys economy, its cultivation is subject to numerous biological constraints that limit its production. Among these threats is charcoal disease. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of essential oils (Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon citratus L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe) compared to the fungicide propiconazole on the life cycle of S. scitamineum in order to identify the doses that could help control charcoal disease. The various essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus for 3 hours. The oils were subsequently stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 12C. Four doses of essential oil and synthetic fungicide-50, 100, 400, and 1000 ppm-were tested. During this study, the effect of the oils and synthetic fungicide on mycelial growth, spore production activity, and teliospore germination was evaluated. At the conclusion of this study, it should be noted that the essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, and Zingiber officinale offer real potential for controlling sugarcane smut in Cote dIvoire.

The stem borer Eldana saccharina Walker causes substantial production losses in the sugarcane estates of Côte d'Ivoire, where its control still relies largely on synthetic chemical insecticides that are harmful to human health and the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of extracts from pesticidal plants on infestation rates and the agro-technological parameters of sugarcane. A field trial was conducted under natural infestation conditions, using a randomised complete block design (Fisher blocks) with thirteen treatments and four replications. The essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, as well as an oil concentrate of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (A. indica OC), were applied at doses of 1, 2 and 3 ml · l−1. Three applications were made at fifteen-day intervals from the fifth month of vegetation, and the phytosanitary and agro-technological parameters were assessed at harvest. The microplots treated with the essential oils of C. citratus and Z. officinale, as well as with the A. indica OC, were significantly less infested than the untreated control microplots. Those treated with C. citratus essential oil recorded, on average, the lowest percentages of bored internodes (3.15%) and bored stalks (35.97%); they also produced the longest stalks and the highest cane and extractable sugar yields. These extracts improve the agro-technological parameters of sugarcane and can be used as bio-insecticides in the control of E. saccharina Walker.

The Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L., Verdc.) is a legume belonging to the Fabaceae family and ranks third in terms of production and consumption after peanuts and cowpeas. However, its cultivation is largely neglected and underexploited. Yet its seeds are high in calories and rich in minerals, vitamins, and protein. In Côte d'Ivoire, Bambara groundnut is grown only in the north and center of the country. The main objective of this study was to contribute to food security by evaluating the agronomic performance of 14 Bambara groundnut ecotypes without the use of inputs or phytosanitary products in the autonomous district of Abidjan in southern Côte d’Ivoire. A trial was therefore set up on the experimental plot of the Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit of Félix Houphouët-Boigny University. Plant growth parameters were assessed at 30 and 45 days after sowing, and yield parameters were assessed at harvest. The results showed variability between ecotypes. The average emergence rate ranged from 31.25% to 83.33%, with the highest performance observed in ecotypes 1 and 2. Plant growth was steady, with average heights ranging from 16.64 to 23.25 cm at 30 DAS and from 22.61 to 26.50 cm at 45 DAS. The highest plant height values were observed in ecotype 2. From a phenological perspective, ecotype 2 was the earliest, initiating flowering at 29 DAS and reaching 50% flowering at 32.33 DAS. Yield parameters also showed significant differences. The average number of pods per plant varied between 22.67 and 64.89. Ecotype 7 had the highest number of pods. The weight of 100 seeds ranged from 41.88 to 66.70 g, with maximum values obtained using ecotypes ECO 1, ECO 5, ECO 8, ECO 9, and ECO 12. All of the ecotypes tested showed an ability to adapt to the soil and climate conditions of southern Côte d’Ivoire.

The Bogofa commune is becoming a dynamic area for market-oriented vegetable production with farmers who use synthetic pesticides. However, synthetic pesticides threaten both the environment and consumer health. There is growing interest in assessing pesticide-use practices among local farmers to raise awareness and promote the safe, responsible, and appropriate use of pesticides in agricultural production. An exploratory survey was conducted from August 2023 to September 2023 to evaluate commercial garden systems in the Bogofa community and determine which commercial garden areas were most representative. The Bogofa community was selected as it drastically increased vegetable production due to significant barriers associated with safe pesticide usage. A sample of 58 farmers was selected based on the amount of production using hectares as a measurement to complete the analysis through Statistica Version 12.5. The plants produced most commonly were tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, cabbage, and cucumbers (94.83 %). Additionally, approximately 11 pesticides from the Directorate of Plant Protection, Control, and Quality (Class II) are available to vegetable farmers, which contain K-Optimal 35 EC (Lambda-cyhalothrin and Acetamiprid) and Decis Forte 100 EC (Deltamethrin) that put them at risk due to their lack of Personal Protective Equipment (94.83 %) and reliance on their regular clothing (91.38 %) and 91.38 % of purchasing pesticides from farmer vendors in local retail outlets. Storage methods vary little; they store them at home-46.55 %-in field shelters-27.59 %-or storage facilities-25.86 %. Moreover, 37.93 % dispose of their remaining pesticide mixes in farms or storage facilities. Of the rest, 27.59 % discarded any unused mixed pesticides along with their empty containers and other debris collected from their farms. Farmers commonly burned empty containers (44.83 %), leave them in the field (39.66 %), or reuse them somewhere else (3.45 %). All these practices combined will increase the amount of leftover pesticide residue on farms, making consumers may increase the risk of environmental contamination and dietary exposure. The findings demonstrate an urgent need for formal training in pesticide selection, application, personal protection, storage, and container disposal.

Despite its advantages, soilless cultivation faces various biotic and abiotic constraints that can reduce production. This study aimed to identify the diseases affecting soilless tomatoes and evaluate their effects on the production. The UC 82 and the EAGLE F1 varieties were used as plant material. The methodology consisted of weekly observations in five squares of 15 m2 per greenhouse. Each square contained six tomato plants. From the observations and data collected, diseases were identified, incidence, severity and yield were calculated according to appropriate formulas and the economic analysis was performed. The results revealed that the blossom-end rot, alternaria, downy mildew, anthracnose and fruit cracking were present in the UC 82 variety. Alternaria, with an incidence of 19.69 % and a severity of 7.35 %, was the most severe disease. However, the EAGLE F1 variety presented only one disease, the fruit cracking, with an incidence and severity of 16.89 and 2.36 % respectively. The diseases led to a significant decrease in yield for both varieties (EAGLE F1: 190 t/ha; UC 82: 88.8 t/ha). This resulted in a loss of 76.18 and 31.06 % of the investment for the UC 82 and the EAGLE F1 varieties respectively. In conclusion, the diseases have been a major obstacle to soilless tomato production in northern of Côte d'Ivoire.

Cashew nuts are one of the agricultural products that contribute significantly to Côte d'Ivoire's economic development. However, cashew nut production in Côte d'Ivoire is threatened by anthracnose. Reducing anthracnose proliferation factors could reduce its impact on cashew trees. The aim of the study was to assess the virulence of Colletotrichum sp. isolated from weeds in cashew trees. It assessed the pathogenicity of 12 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. extracted from six weeds on cashew plants. The inocula were prepared by scraping the mycelium of each fungus in 10 ml of sterile distilled water. The spore suspension was collected and calibrated at 4.6.106 conidia/ml using a Malassez cell. This suspension was applied by spraying to the leaves of 30-day-old cashew plants. The parameters assessed were symptom incidence and severity index. All isolates tested induced symptoms characteristic of anthracnose on cashew plants. There was a significant difference between isolates in terms of their virulence. The highest incidence of 90% was obtained on plants inoculated with the ColE2 isolate and the lowest incidence of 30% was obtained on plants inoculated with the ColN3 isolate. The highest severity index of 7.66 was obtained on plants inoculated with the ColE3 isolate and the lowest severity index of 2.00 was obtained on plants inoculated with the ColN3 isolate. These results show that Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe), Vitellaria paradoxa (G), Micuna pruriens (L.), Blighia sapida (K. Koenig), Albizia zygia (DC) and Pterocarpus erinaceus (Poir) are hosts of anthracnose in cashew orchards in Côte d'Ivoire. Their integration into cashew pathogen control strategies is necessary.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the main cash crop in Côte d'Ivoire and the primary source of income for producers. However, recent studies have highlighted the harmful effects of pod diseases on local production and the existence of a group of pathogens (Lasiodiplodia spp. and Fusarium spp.) that require better characterization in order to reorient control efforts. The objective of this study was to perform morphological and molecular characterization of isolates of Lasiodiplodia spp. and Fusarium spp. isolated from cocoa pods affected by rot. Samples of infected pods and soil from cocoa plantations were collected from seven locations in the Agneby-Tiassa region. After isolation on 11% agar culture medium, the isolates were purified on pea and carrot agar culture medium. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were made on these isolates. After DNA extraction, PCR tests with ITS4 and ITS5 primers were performed for molecular identification of the isolates. The PCR products obtained were transferred to a facility for sequencing. It should be noted that macroscopic and microscopic observations showed that Lasiodiplodia spp. isolates are light gray or gray-black in color, with thick-walled septate conidia. Fusarium spp. isolates are whitish in color, with oval microconidia and curved macroconidia. PCR test results showed that the isolates from the southeastern region of Côte d'Ivoire are Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani. Sequencing showed that these isolates were 100% similar to the species in the gene bank. This study will help to better target the fight against cocoa pod rot in Côte d'Ivoire by implementing sustainable control strategies.

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a species of moth in the Noctuidae family. This highly polyphagous caterpillar causes damage to cereal crops, particularly maize, as well as vegetable crops. This study aims to contribute to knowledge about fall armyworm in market gardening crops in order to better combat it. A survey was conducted among market gardeners in the town of Korhogo. Nine sites were visited and 51 producers were surveyed. A total of 154 plots were visited. A questionnaire was submitted to the market gardeners. The results showed that 81.03% of market gardeners were women, 75.86% of market gardeners had 6 to 10 years of experience in market gardening and 70.68% had knew of fall armyworm although only 5.18% had received training on fall armyworm. The infested crops were tomato, cabbage, lettuce, zucchini, eggplant, and potato, with respective incidences of 66.66%, 64.51%, 50%, 37.5%, 18.75%, and 6.66%. The only symptom observed was perforated leaves. All the growers used chemical control as a method of managing fall armyworm. This study revealed that fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is indeed present on vegetable crops in the city of Korhogo, and that market gardeners had some knowledge about fall armyworm. Chemical control is the method used.

Background and Objective: Cassava is an important crop for the Ivorian population. However, yields are relatively low. This low productivity is due to cassava root rots, which are sometimes caused by bacteria. The general objective was to identify the main bacterial diseases responsible for cassava tuberous root rot in production areas in Côte d'Ivoire. Specifically, to identify pathogenic bacteria and then to assess the pathogenicity of the bacterial strains isolated. Material and Methods: The plant material consisted of tuberous cassava roots affected by rot. Decay-causing bacteria were isolated on YPGA (Yeast extract Peptone Glucose Agar) culture medium. Strain identification was carried out using the API 20 E and 20NE gallery. Tuberous cassava roots were perforated with a punch and inoculated with bacterial inoculum calibrated to an optical density of 0.2 at a wavelength of 600 nm, corresponding to 108. Results: 174 strains were isolated. The highest proportions of strains were obtained in the localities of Ferké and Man, with 19 and 26% respectively. The bacterial species identified were Roualtella planticola, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia marcescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Erwinia spp, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebseilla pneumoniae spp ozaenae and Raoutellia ornithinolytica. The Erwinia species was the most frequent in five localities, with proportions of 100 and 71.4% respectively in Agboville and Yamoussoukro. Results showed that 91.5% of bacterial strains tested caused rot (soft or dry). On the other hand, 52.4% of bacterial strains induced dry rot and around 39% induced soft rot. Conclusion: Various bacterial species were identified in this study. In addition, these species vary in their germinative capacity.

Côte d'Ivoire is the third largest supplier of mangoes to the European Union. However, its export to the European market is prone to significant losses due to its perishable nature. This problem prompted this study, which aims to improve the quality of mangoes exported to cold rooms by coating them with wax based on vegetable oils. For this purpose, Kent variety mangoes were coated with different doses of wax based on vegetable oils: Rapeseed + Olive 100g/l and Scholar Max 230 SC as a reference product. The treatments evaluated during this study are treatment T0: Untreated control, treatment T1: Scholar Max 230 SC at 0.15%, treatment T2: wax based on vegetable oils at 10%, T3 treatment: wax based on vegetable oils at 15%, T4 treatment: wax based on vegetable oils at 5% and T5 treatment: Combination of the wax based on vegetable oils at 10% and Scholar Max 230 SC, at 0.15%. The treated fruits were stored at 8°C for 15 days in a cold room to mimic export conditions. The evaluations were extended to 6 days after the fruits were removed from the cold room. The results revealed that weight loss and color of fruits were uniform for all treatments. While the loss of firmness was significantly low (8,29%) with the fruit coated with wax based on vegetable oils at 5%. The soluble sugar content, pH and titratable acidity were statistically identical to those of the uncoated fruits. It appears that the coating at wax based on vegetable oils at 5% before cold storage also makes it possible to maintain the quality of the fruit by reducing the impact of anthracnose and inducing lower browning rate.

Cocoa farming is very important to Côte d'Ivoire’s economy, however the increasing pressure of black pod rot is significantly reducing causing production, which is unfavorable to sustainable cocoa production. This disease is caused by Phytophthora palmivora, which is prevalent in all cocoa-producing areas. The objective is to determine the effect of climatic parameters on the incidence of the disease in the study localities. To achieve this, three plots were selected in each locality, based on the presence of black pod rot and the accessibility of the field. A 900 m2 was delimited in each plot, then 100 trees were randomly numbered to monitor the disease's evolution. Over seven months weekly counts of the number of pods affected and healthy pods was carried out for to assess the incidence of the disease in the different localities. Climatic parameters such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were recorded in each locality to determine their effects on black pod rot. The results showed a positive correlation between black pod rot rates and climatic parameters. Hierarchical ascending classification separated the localities into three groups, with Azaguié having the highest rate of black pod rot (34.78%) and the lowest rate of rot (6.59%) recorded in Loviguié. The study highlighted the threat posed by black pod rot to cocoa production in the Agnéby-Tiassa region, and the urgent need to develop sustainable control strategies.

Aims: The effective use of companion trees in agroforestry systems could improve the health and productivity of cocoa trees by understanding the interactions they promote. This study aims to decipher the characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in the roots and soil of cocoa trees and their companion trees to understand the interaction between these two types of trees. Methodology: Five mycorrhization parameters measured in cocoa trees and nearby companion trees were compared. These were, shared species diversity, number of spores, mycorrhization frequency, mycorrhization intensity and colonization intensity in the mycorrhized part of the root system. correlation tests between these parameters were also used to establish the link between the data. Results: The study identified 49 AMF species involved in the interactions between companion and cocoa trees. T. superba (64.28%) and B. mannii (62.5%) recorded the highest species diversity and spore numbers. The highest mycorrhization rates were found between T. ivorensis and cocoa. Statistical analysis revealed strong positive correlations for species diversity and spore numbers with specific companion trees. Based on the results, T. superba, B. mannii, and R. heudelotii are recommended for promoting mycorrhizal spore production, while T. ivorensis is suggested for high mycorrhization levels. Conclusion: The study of interactions thus disclosed strong links between all cocoa trees and companion trees on the basis of the 5 types of variables used to establish correlations. But, A. boonei, T. superba, T. ivorensis, T. heckelii, M excelsa, B. mannii, B. mannii and G. kola can be recommended in cocoa agroforestry systems as they have the most important mycorrhizal interactions with cocoa trees.

Black pod rot, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora spp., is one of the most important and widespread diseases of cocoa worldwide. In Côte d'Ivoire, production losses are estimated at 25 % to 60 %. The use of synthetic fungicides, which are still dangerous for producers and the environment, remains the most widely practiced method against this pathogen. This study evaluates the efficacy of two plant-based biofungicides, NECO and ASTOUN, in comparison to Callomil super, a conventional fungicide, for managing black pod rot in Côte d'Ivoire. However, the field application rates of these two biofungicides need to be controlled. To this end, a complete randomized Fisher block design was set up with seven treatments (NECO at 5 and 10 ml/l; ASTOUN at 5 and 10 ml/l; Callomil super at 5 and 10 ml/l and controls) and three blocks. Each block was a replicate. The products were applied at 1.7 and 3.4 l/ha in a 332.5 l spray mixture once a month, followed by weekly evaluation of the parameters. A total of three applications were made during the trial. Healthy and diseased pods and cherries were counted to determine black rot rates. A significant difference was observed between treatments for all parameters (P=0.00). The lowest rate (3.00 %) was recorded with NECO at 5 ml/l and the highest rate (6.43 %) with Callomil super at 10 ml/l in 2018. Whereas in 2019, the lowest rate of black rot (4.99 %) was obtained with NECO at 10 ml/l and the highest rate (12.24 %) with ASTOUN at 10 ml/l. In contrast, untreated cocoa trees had a high rate of pod rot during 2018 (15.78 %) and 2019 (22.30 %). NECO at 5 and 10 ml/l, synthetic fungicide at 5 ml/l and ASTOUN at 10 ml/l were more effective in controlling infected pods. It should also be noted that climatic conditions influenced the incidence of black pod rot. The average black rot rate curves varied with the amount of rainfall recorded each week. Temperature and relative humidity varied very little. Rainfall in 2019 was higher (863 mm) than in 2018 (496 mm), as were black rot rates. The biofungicides NECO and ASTOUN have been registered for use against black pod rot in Côte d'Ivoire.

Root rot of cassava tubers, Manihot esculenta Crantz, has become a scourge that devastates plantations and limits production in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of cassava root rot on the one hand, and to assess the incidence and severity of varieties. The study was carried out in 13 localities where cassava is widely grown and 320 plots were observed and assessed. Symptoms were described by examining the above-ground and below-ground parts of the plants and described on the basis of existing information. In each plot visited, incidence and severity were noted. The disease is visible in the aerial part of the plant in two forms: leaf chlorosis and stem dieback. The disease is highly prevalent in the plots visited, with an incidence of between 25% and 100%, indicated by the colors pink, green and red. Analysis of the data collected showed that average incidence in the localities surveyed ranged from 10 to 56 %. In terms of disease severity, the results showed that all infected plots were severely attacked, with severity indices ranging from 2.50 to 4. Of the twenty-one cassava varieties found in the surveyed localities, the incidence recorded varied according to variety and type of varietal association. This threat is borne out by our results, which show that all cassava varieties encountered in the localities surveyed, more than 9 varieties are highly susceptible and attacked, with average incidences ranging from 40 to 100 %, regardless of the variety grown.

Le maïs (Zea mays Linné, 1753) est la céréale la plus cultivée au monde. Dans le nord de la Côte d'Ivoire, les stocks de maïs fortement attaqués par les insectes ravageurs enregistrent des dégâts importants. Pourtant cette céréale est l’aliment de base des populations de cette région. L'objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les périodes de forte pullulation des insectes ravageurs des stocks d’épis de maïs dans la sous-préfecture de Kanakono. Pour réaliser cette étude, vingt-sept (27) structures de stockage ont été prospectées et 90 épis ont été collectés par structure de stockage. Les épis de maïs ont été prélevés en début de stockage puis à 3, 6 et 9 mois de stockage sur deux années successives de conservation que sont 2021 et 2022. Les insectes ont été collectés après l'égrenage et le tamisage des échantillons prélevés. L’étude a permis d’identifier 18 espèces d'insectes dans les échantillons prélevés. Les espèces d’insectes ravageurs tels que Sitophilus zeamais, Prostephanus truncatus et Tribolium castaneum étaient les plus abondants dans les stocks. Les résultats ont montré qu’au bout de trois mois de stockage Prostephanus truncatus est l'insecte majoritaire avec une abondance relative de 79 % dans les greniers prospectés. Ainsi, les stocks d'épis de maïs de Kanakono sont la cible de nombreux insectes ravageurs, dont, Prostephanus truncatus s’est révélé le plus dominant. Compte tenu des importants dommages que cet insecte cause au maïs stocké, des méthodes de lutte efficientes doivent être envisagées afin de les protéger et réduire les risques d’insécurité alimentaire. Mots clés : Bostrichidae, Coleoptera, Prostephanus truncatus, Conservation, Sécurité alimentaire, Post-récolte, Ravageurs, Côte d'Ivoire