The utilization of biofuels such as biodiesel in internal combustion engines often results in increased specific fuel consumption and higher emissions of certain pollutants, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx). This study conducts a systematic and analytical review to explore and organize various engine adjustment strategies aimed at mitigating these drawbacks. The review focuses on recent literature addressing the influence of compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and injection timing. The analysis reveals that retarding injection timing and implementing EGR are the most effective techniques for reducing NOx emissions, albeit potentially leading to an increase in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. In contrast, increasing the compression ratio contributes to improved thermal efficiency. The study concludes that combining two or more techniques such as EGR with injection timing adjustments or operating under lean-burn conditions is essential to simultaneously achieve optimal engine performance and effective NOx emission reduction.
Green supply chain management has emerged as a key strategy for manufacturing firms seeking to balance environmental responsibility and economic performance, particularly in emerging economies. This study examines how green supply chain management practices relate to perceived environmental and financial performance in Mexican manufacturing firms, considering the mediating roles of supply chain agility and resilience and the moderating role of big data analytics capabilities. Data were collected through a survey of 270 manufacturing firms in Mexico and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that green supply chain management is positively associated with both performance dimensions. Supply chain agility and resilience partially mediate these relationships, while big data analytics capabilities strengthen the association with environmental performance but not with financial performance. The results clarify how sustainability initiatives operate under enabling organizational capabilities in an emerging economy context.
The present study aimed to establish differences by educational level, sex, and school system in bullying, cyberbullying, empathy, and compassion; to establish the correlation between these variables; and to identify those that predict bullying and cyberbullying victimization. To this end, scales were applied to measure the mentioned variables in a non-probabilistic sample of 205 students in elementary school in Mérida, Yucatán. It was found that middle school students scored higher in bullying and cyberbullying, that women had higher scores on indifference, and that students in private schools obtained higher scores on cognitive empathy and humanitarian feeling. Additional correlations were found among the variables; for instance, when a student has participated in any of the bullying or cyberbullying roles, chances of being a victim of bullying or cyberbullying increases.
This article examines the interaction between humans and digital technologies in the service sector, using the sociotechnical systems theory as an analytical framework. Using a qualitative methodological approach, an analysis of a survey applied to 46 workers was carried out, where three axes are examined: technical adoption, sociotechnical system performance, and human/social perception of the use of technologies such as artificial intelligence and automation. Findings reveal that the impact of technology depends on its alignment with human, cultural, and organizational dynamics. While operational benefits are observed, the study also identifies adaptive tensions —particularly around robotization and generational shifts. The article concludes with recommendations for a more balanced, inclusive, and sustainable digital transformation, including the novel proposal to survey corporate AI systems in future research.
This study analyzes the productive diversification of small-scale orange producers in Tampacán (G1) and Axtla de Terrazas (G2), Huasteca Potosina, Mexico. Area, diversification, and productive profile were evaluated through interviews with 54 producers and nonparametric analyses (Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and Spearman's correlation). Producers own an average of 3 ha, allocating 2 ha to orange cultivation in hilly areas. Age was different (p < 0.05) between group 1 (G1, 58 years) and group 2 (G2, 42 years). 25% of G1 and 37.5% of G2 have diversified production: G1 focuses on staple crops, while G2 cultivates citrus, sugarcane, and coffee. A negative correlation was found between orange acreage and diversification index (rho = -0.287, p = 0.036). Producers with larger orange acreages reported less diversification. Implementing comprehensive strategies that consider productive diversification will contribute to improving orange production.
The objective of this study is to establish the relevant information to identify, through an artificial intelligence (AI) system, which indicators increase the risk of experiencing gender-based violence. An AI system was implemented to assess the risk levels of physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence to which a woman could be exposed, based on psychosocial factors derived from data collected from Mexican women in 2023. The methodology employed is heuristicand involves a recurrent neural network built in Python was trained with this data. The results obtained indicate that the cases of highest risk are women without a partner and those at the extremes of education levels, such as incomplete basic education or completed higher education. It can be concluded that it is possible to create a depersonalized database with quantifiable indicators to be used in future studies.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the social norms that influence responsible tourism use in Bacalar. This was done through an exploratory, cross-sectional study, with qualitative data based on interviews and observations. Results show that the social norms of the tourism service providers (TSP) are based on concrete actions for conservation, linked to the social expectations of the residents, the business logic, and the competition for the use of the lagoon space. It is concluded that there is a transition towards the responsible tourism use of this attraction and that the TSP have expectations of the local government for conservation of the lagoon and the planning of tourist activities as a strategy for the destination. The findings are useful for designing public policies for the conservation of the lagoon.
This research aimed to evaluate the level of vocational programs and subjects related to the semiconductor industry, focusing on human capital training in secondary and higher education levels. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze institutional coverage, infrastructure, and program offerings. Through a review of documents and official data from the Tamaulipas Education Ministry, as well as interviews with officials and teachers, it was found that technical programs showed limited progress. Also, while there is evidence of teacher training, significant improvements in infrastructure and curriculum updates are necessary. This research suggests a need to innovate programs and courses tailored to the semiconductor industry by providing teachers with training in new academic topics, thereby equipping students with the knowledge required in the field. Evidence indicates that Tamaulipas has potential but requires increased investment and greater integration between academia and industry.
Mexico is one of the leading exporters of mangoes but faces post-harvest losses of up to 40%. This study evaluated the effect of indirect tunnel solar drying and non-convective electric oven drying on the physical and colorimetric properties of Manila, Ataulfo, and Oro mangoes. Moisture content, weight loss, water activity, and CIE-Lab parameters (L*, a*, b*) were analyzed. Both methods reduced moisture content to below 8%, inhibiting microbial growth. However, differences in color were observed: all samples showed a decrease in yellowness (b*) and an increase in redness (a*), which were more intense in the electric oven. Indirect solar drying better preserves brightness and yellow-orange tones. The Oro variety showed the greatest color variation (∆E > 40), possibly due to its rich composition of sugars and polyphenols. These results support solar drying as a sustainable alternative for mango preservation.
In the face of rapidly increasing waste, circular economy (CE) represents an alternative that can transform production and consumption processes. However, despite the rise of CE, there is no conceptual and theoretical clarity. This work aims to identify and clarify the economic theory behind CE; generate a CE model; and propose economic, environmental, and social hypotheses that can be tested in subsequent research. The methodology used was a critical literature review based on the snowball method, through which 143 articles were reviewed using a scientific article search engine. Results included the identification of three basic economic models along with their limitations for correct interpretation; the generation of a CE model; and the proposal of new hypotheses and indicators that can be tested in subsequent studies.
Computing has revolutionized the world, transforming daily activities. This research identified the challenges faced by programming students in rural areas, focusing on access to technology, device use, and time dedicated to mastering programming languages. Using a mixed-method approach, a sample of 300 students from four higher education institutions in the Sierra Norte region of, Puebla, Mexico, was analyzed. The results revealed that urban students have advantages over rural students, since as topography, technology availability, and time dedicated to programming are more favorable in developed and better-connected environments. Internet connection quality and access to equipment significantly influence learning. Therefore, it is essential to periodically evaluate advances in connectivity and their impact on computer science education, promoting strategies that reduce the digital gap divide and foster equitable development in education.
This article presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a ludic-educational platform for learning Nahuatl among elementary school children. The tool integrates an educational game and an automatic translator, combining intelligent computing, didactics, and game science to provide a personalized learning experience. It was implemented in a Mexican primary school in the state of Hidalgo, where improvements in language learning and high usability were observed, achieving a score of 84.7 on the System Usability Scale. These results demonstrate that ludic-educational computing is an effective strategy to enhance language learning and contribute to the preservation of cultural identity. Additionally, areas for improvement were identified, such as visual design and the inclusion of more multimedia resources. The tool is proposed as a replicable model for other endangered languages.
Currently, humanity faces a food crisis due to limited access to healthy and sufficient food. The objective of this study was to identify the different plants grown in backyards, their use, and their contribution to family nutrition in two neighborhoods, Rancho Quemado and El Rosario, in Cuilapam de Guerrero, Oaxaca, Mexico. To this end, a mixed-methods methodology was employed, where a survey was applied to 50 families (25 from each neighborhood) and a semi-structured interview was carried out with 20 families, along with direct observation. Results show the presence of 32 fruit tree species, 29 vegetable species, 25 medicinal and/or condiment plants, and seven edible wild plants. All families use the production for self-consumption, and 40% of the family's food comes from the backyard. It is concluded that backyard production is diverse and contributes significantly to family food sufficiency.
Nearshoring has altered the recent geography of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico, accentuating regional disparities. This article comparatively analyzes the structural conditions that determine the capacity of the state of Sonora to attract nearshoring-related FDI, contrasting them with the country's leading states. It employs a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) approach based on six dimensions: infrastructure, human capital, clusters, governance, security, and investment performance. The study hypothesizes that Sonora's border location does not constitute a structural advantage due to shortcomings in logistics, technical training, and institutional coordination. Results confirm that attracting FDI depends on complex territorial configurations, where the interaction between infrastructure, talent, and governance is crucial. The study offers a territorial perspective on nearshoring and a replicable framework for strengthening subnational competitiveness in Latin America.
Welding methods are common in production lines, which allows to join components with various properties that can impact quality, safety, and performance. There are techniques such as electric arc, induction, gas, GTAW, and GMAW, whose selection depends on the characteristics and needs of the process, which can be complex due to the multiple requirements to be met. This paper aimed to identify attributes of welding methods so as to weigh alternatives and, through a multi-criteria decision-making method, choose the most appropriate technology for a specific process. In particular, the AHP was used to weigh attributes found in the literature, and the TOPSIS method was applied to select the welding alternatives. At the end of the manuscript, the selection that best fitted the requirements of the joining station is provided.
This research analyze the meaning of ethnic identity and psychological acculturation among the “Papagos” indigenous group from Sonora, Mexico. A qualitative approach with an interpretative perspective on symbolic interactionism, utilizing case studies through in-depth interviews. Results show that the native language is identified as crucial cultural refuge for maintaining identity amidst cultural homogenization, social relationships, internal and external to the ethnic group, are essential for adapting to new cultural influences without losing one´s essence. The limitations of the study were the dependence on a translator during interviews may have affected the accuracy of responses. In conclusion, it is necessary to understand the role of language and social relationships in ethnic identity aids in designing effective strategies to enhance cultural resilience and social cohesion in indigenous communities. Value: this study provides a foundation for future research and policies aimed at supporting cultural preservation and the integration of indigenous communities in multicultural contexts.
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are used to control pests as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The aim was to determine producers' knowledge and attitude toward the potential use of EFF against pests in the chili crop in the Sotavento region of Veracruz. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 22 chili producers, selected using the “snowball” technique, and their attitude toward the use of EPF in social, economic, and environmental aspects was measured using a Likert scale. Twenty-seven percent of interviewees know about EPF, and 18% use Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against chili pests. Producers expressed a positive attitude toward social and environmental aspects. The heterogeneity in knowledge, use, and attitude within a given territory are essential elements to consider when promoting the use of EPF and reducing dependence on chemical pesticides.
Adaptogens are natural compounds, primarily of plant origin, that have attracted growing scientific interest due to their ability to enhance the body's nonspecific resistance to physical, mental, and environmental stress. They act by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and other neuroendocrine systems, promoting homeostasis without altering normal physiological functions. Recent research has documented beneficial effects of adaptogens such as Panax ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, and Withania somnifera in reducing stress, fatigue, and mood disorders, as well as in improving physical and cognitive performance. Despite empirical support from preclinical and clinical studies, challenges remain regarding the standardization of extracts, specific molecular mechanisms, and large-scale clinical validation. This paper reviews the most recent evidence on major adaptogens, their mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and future perspectives.
The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), a neotenic amphibian endemic to Lake Xochimilco, faces severe threats due to urbanization, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Historically, it was part of the traditional Mexican diet, but its current gastronomic use is questionable. This study evaluated its importance as a traditional food and its protein contribution to the human diet, analyzing its amino acid profile and comparing it with that of the frog. Results indicate that axolotl meat does not provide a significant nutritional contribution to humans, with protein digestibility-corrected chemical amino acid values below optimal levels. It is concluded that the culinary consumption of the axolotl does not justify its exploitation, given its ecological and cultural importance. It is recommended to implement strict regulations, promote public awareness, and collaborate with conservation initiatives to protect this species and its habitat.
This project focused primarily on implementing BIM methodology tools and the ISO 19650 standard to develop an execution plan for managing the infrastructure of the Belén Headquarters, Guanajuato Campus, in the University of Guanajuato. Based on the state of the art of the administrative context and the identification of the physical elements of the property, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) georeferenced control points were placed. The BIM implementation plan (PEB) was developed for the standardization of the processes to generate information and 3D digitization models, as well as for their management in a common data environment (CDE). This is achieved through the joint efforts of the university community from the various disciplines taught at the Belén Headquarters, which generates a culture and integration of the methodology BIM among faculty, students, and administrative staff.
