The use of ecological fertilizers is essential to promote sustainable agricultural production. This study evaluated the effect of an ecological biostimulant on the growth and productivity of pepper (Capsicum annuum) under protected cultivation conditions. The experiment was conducted between March and May 2022 in greenhouses of the Agroindustrial Company "Enrique Troncoso" (Pinar del R & iacute;o, Cuba). Treatments with foliar and soil application of the biostimulant were compared against a control. All treatments, including the control, received conventional fertigation. The biostimulant was applied at 35, 42, and 49 days after transplanting, with vegetative growth assessed by measuring stem length and diameter, and counting the number of leaves per plant. Starting on day 69, production was quantified over three consecutive harvests, recording the number of fruits per plant, their length, fresh weight, and yield. The results showed that complementary fertilization with the ecological biostimulant significantly stimulated the growth and productivity of pepper, with a 40% increase in yield compared to conventional fertigation. Additionally, it was observed that soil applications promoted a better nutritional balance in the plants. This result supports the potential of the biostimulant used as an ecological alternative to improve the nutrition and productivity of pepper cultivation in protected systems.
This research aimed to improve the training process for part-time professors at the Military University Branch, taking into account that current circumstances require more highly trained and specialized personnel to perform their duties, ensuring that tasks are completed with the required quality. In this sense, there is a contradiction between need and reality because teachers face difficulties in teaching, and staff equipped with the tools to achieve training in the services they provide are needed, taking into account the specific characteristics of the institution. The objective was to design and validate a strategy for preparing part-time teachers at the Military University Branch. Surveys and interviews were conducted with the entire sample, along with observation and descriptive statistics, which allowed for a diagnostic assessment of the research. A strategy was designed and three programs were implemented based on staff preparation. Exchange workshops were held, and the Delphy method was applied to validate the results. This reaffirmed the foundation of the strategy for preparing part-time teachers at the Military University Branch, demonstrated its effectiveness, and raised the level of professionalism, impacting grades and retention. Today, it is a tool for achieving the established objectives.
This study was conducted in La Coloma cove, which covers an area of 1194.42 ha. The objective was to calculate the areas of degraded mangrove forest in order to propose their restoration. Optical satellite images from Sentinel 2 and QGIS 3.38 software were used, different vegetation indices were calculated and supervised classification was performed for land use updating, which allowed obtaining the cover values and calculating the annual rate of change. The results show that 403.51 ha (33%) of the total are in a state of degradation. This indicates a partial loss of canopy structure, biomass and vigor that correspond to areas with tree mortality, severe loss of cover or conversion to bare or saline soils. Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans were selected as suitable species for the reforestation proposal.
The emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence represents a turning point for the academic level, demanding a reevaluation of established pedagogical and ethical paradigms. This paper presents a systematic review of the emerging literature on the large language model DeepSeek, analyzing its potential for integration into the academic ecosystem. Through an analysis of technical reports, pre-prints, and policy documents published in 2024, the documented opportunities, challenges, and governance strategies are synthesized. The thematic analysis identified five main axes: (1) Distinctive technical foundations of DeepSeek; (2) Innovative academic applications; (3) Impact on student competencies and perceptions; (4) Ethical and academic integrity challenges; and (5) Institutional governance strategies. The discussion reveals a fundamental tension between the promise of hyper-personalized learning and the risk of undermining intellectual autonomy and academic integrity. It is concluded that the literature converges on the urgent need for a "responsible integration" approach, anchored in robust ethical policies, a pedagogic redesign focused on authentic assessment, and an institutional commitment to AI literacy for the entire university community. Significant research gaps are identified, such as the scarcity of longitudinal studies, suggesting directions for future research. .
Crop simulation models based on ecophysiological process and mechanisms contribute to the comprehensive analysis of yield, based on soil-plant-atmosphere-management interactions. For this reason, this work was carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences with the objective of determining the genetic coefficients of a hybrid corn, at different population density, for future use in a simulation model. An experiment was conducted in the dry season, with destructive sampling. Data on physiological variables and growth index, duration and heat units per phenological phase, and agronomic variables were collected. A simple classification analysis of variance was performed with Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 95 % probability. In conclusion, it was obtained information of 13 genetic coefficients of a hybrid corn, in two specific population densities.
This research examines the key aspects of the impact of AI, which can be framed in the following areas: personalized learning, access to global resources, fostering 21st-century skills, transforming the social environment, and ethical challenges and considerations. The integration of Artificial Intelligence offers a unique opportunity for students to become agents of change, positively impacting their physical and social environment, with the aim of providing students with a necessary and useful tool in the process of learning and knowledge acquisition. The methodology, in general, uses theoretical methods and is based on previous studies on the topic, assessing the scope and limitations that have emerged over time. Documentary and bibliographic sources related to AI and the educational process of university students are consulted. This allows for an analysis of the most relevant aspects and their connection to students as agents of change in the physical and social environment.
The objective of this result was to contribute to solving, from an archaeological perspective, the problems that occur in the archaeological heritage in the protected areas of the Guanahacabibes Peninsula Biosphere Reserve and Vi & ntilde;ales National Park, in the face of anthropogenic risk. With an interdisciplinary approach between Archaeology, Heritage and Museology, it was possible to manage the needs of conservation and transcendence. These ideas respond to the following research problem: How to articulate the results of archaeological science to achieve effective management of heritage considered as an important cultural resource that sustains the historical legacy, for the continuity and permanence of regional identity, given the complexity involved in conservation and management? Methods of analysis and synthesis were used, with social science research techniques: interviews, surveys, participatory observation, and the search for strategic museological solutions that favor heritage in the province of study. The analysis was carried out based on the need to materialize the ideological and cultural rescue of the past. As a result of popular environmental education, the dissemination and conservation of heritage in the communities, a database was created in Microsoft Excel and also the permanent ex-situ exhibition hall "Archaeological sites of Pinar del Rio". These results allow for the enhancement of the natural and cultural heritage of the Guanahacabibes Peninsula Biosphere Reserve and the Vi & ntilde;ales National Park.
In recent years, degradation processes in the Pardo soils of the Guant & aacute;namo Valley have intensified as a result of land use changes and inadequate management, leading to altered chemical and physical conditions. Based on the aforementioned findings, an experimental and descriptive study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 to avaluate the degradation processes in agricultural areas of the Guant & aacute;namo Valley where Pardo soil predominates. The study was conducted on 24 farms, covering a total of 217, 43 ha belonging to the Mariana Grajales Cuello Credit and Services Cooperative (Central Agricultural Research and Conservation Area). Elementary plots were established to characterize the degradation processes most frequently affecting the province's soils, which were related to erosion, compaction, low fertility, salinity, and acidification. The * results show that the Pardo soils of the Guant & aacute;namo Valley are affected by degradation processes related to compaction and low fertility, with a direct relationship to the management system used during sugarcane cultivation.
The production of viable seeds is crucial for the development of reforestation and genetic improvement programs. Identifying morphological indicators related to seed viability can optimize harvesting protocols, reducing the costs and time associated with prolonged germination tests. This study aimed to evaluate morphological indicators of cones filled and empty seeds. The morphological variables were correlated with reproductive indicators. The analyses revealed significant differences in seed production between years, with 2019 showing the worst performance. The seed potential of the orchard fluctuated, with a peak production in 2022. Implementing selection criteria based on these morphological attributes allows for the efficient pre-selection of quality seed lots, optimizing resources in forestry production programs.
Se analizó un sistema de cavitación hidrodinámica para intensificar la ozonización de diclofenaco presente en solución acuosa. Se empleó un generador de ozono con capacidad para producir 5 g de O3/h. La cavitación hidrodinámica fue inducida a través de un tubo Venturi conectado a la salida de una bomba de 745,7 W de potencia y una presión de descarga de 0,41 MPa. El caudal impulsado por la bomba fue de 0,0005 m3/s, operando el sistema en recirculación completa. Se utilizó un diseño experimental central compuesto para determinar el efecto del pH inicial de la solución (4 y 7) y de la concentración inicial de diclofenaco (5 mg/L y 10 mg/L). Los resultados fueron evaluados mediante análisis de varianza, estableciéndose que las variables experimentales y sus interacciones hasta el segundo orden tiene efecto sobre la variable de respuesta, correspondiente al porcentaje de remoción de diclofenaco. La metodología de superficie de respuesta permitió identificar las condiciones para alcanzar el mayor porcentaje de remoción, logrando un 40% con un pH inicial de 4 y una concentración de diclofenaco de 5 mg/L. En todos los ensayos, el número de cavitación fue de 0,797, lo que confirma la formación de cavidades en el seno del líquido. El tiempo de reacción en cada prueba fue de 0,5 h. La efectividad del proceso bajo estas condiciones se atribuye principalmente a que el diclofenaco se encuentra en su forma no ionizada, cuya hidrofobicidad favorece su acumulación en la interfase de las cavidades formadas en la garganta del Venturi, donde es atacado por los radicales OH generados durante el colapso. Por otra parte, el efecto intensificador de la cavitación hidrodinámica en la ozonización puede explicarse por la mejora en la transferencia de masa del ozono al agua, gracias a la turbulencia en la garganta del Venturi, así como por la descomposición del ozono que genera radicales OH en el medio.
Tourism has established itself as a dynamic economic activity; however, its accelerated growth has generated contradictions between development and sustainability, highlighting problems such as overtourism and environmental degradation. Therefore, alternative models such as agroecological tourism have emerged, which integrate conservation, community participation, and traditional knowledge. The purpose of this study was to identify transdisciplinary environmental interpretation skills to train agroecological tourism guides at the Ezequiel Zamora Botanical Garden (Venezuela), with the goal of promoting conservation, heritage, and community development. Methodologically, an interpretive qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis, processing data with open coding and triangulation. Key findings included the integration of scientific and traditional knowledge, experiential pedagogy, and collaborative narratives. Notably, a greater relevance of cultural sustainability was observed compared to technical sustainability. However, challenges such as gaps between theory and practice and sensory exclusion were identified. In conclusion, guide training requires a transdisciplinary approach that combines experiential education, knowledge exchange, and cultural sustainability. However, it is necessary to strengthen inclusion and impact assessment to consolidate a replicable model of regenerative tourism.
Biostimulants based on seaweed extracts may be an option to improve germination and plant growth. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of applying seaweed extracts in the early stages of pepper cultivation. For its development, two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the product at dilutions of 0.0 %, 0.2 %, 0.8 %, and 1 %. The first experiment demonstrated the potential of this product in the germination phase of pepper seeds. In the second experiment, this experience was carried out in bags with the best results obtained in the previous experiment to evaluate the influence of the product on the growth and development indicators of pepper. The results showed that treating the seeds with a 0.2% solution of the extract stimulated the germination and growth of the radicles of pepper seeds. In addition, its growth-stimulating effect is evidenced by the increase in height, stem and root length and dry mass of the pepper plant.
CO2 emissions in the soil are a natural process that occurs through the respiration of organisms and the decomposition of organic matter. This process, essential for the proper development of plants and other soil organisms, is significantly affected by human activities and current climate change. Therefore, its study is vital to understand its dynamics in the soil and develop effective strategies to reduce emissions and mitigate their impact on the environment. The following study was conducted to evaluate CO2 emissions in semi-protected cultivation in ferralitic soil and its impact on the environment. An analysis was performed with four treatments and three replicates, using soil samples sieved at 2 and 1 mm, at field capacity and permanent wilting point. The study used an infrared gas analyzer with incubation in a static chamber for 30 days at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo Campus, Mexico City, processing 50 g of soil per experimental unit. The results showed that treatment 4 produced the lowest CO2 emissions, thereby reducing the amount of greenhouse gases and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. There were no significant differences among the four treatments at the 95% confidence level. However, treatment 4 (PMP 1mm) will be necessary whenever CO2 emissions are to be reduced.
From the academic field of communication in Cuba, there are signs of heterogeneity and dispersion in so-called urban studies, which have been conditioned by the absence of a structured, even emerging, agenda with legitimacy and institutionalization. Therefore, a communication-based approach to addressing the city became pertinent, taking the multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder. The objective of this investigation was to systematize the epistemological, theoretical, and applied references used at the Ibero-American levels in the approach to communication and city studies. From a communication for social change perspective, which intersected interpretive and sociocritical paradigms, bibliographic or documentary research was used to study and systematize theoretical sources that allowed us to approach the topic. The selection was mediated by accessibility and availability. The methods used were historical-logical and analysis and synthesis. The research focused on the city as a study that cross-cuts the development of our urban spaces and is fully aligned with the fulfillment of the United Nations sustainable development goals, particularly aligned with goal 11: make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
The impact of globalization, climate change, market competitiveness, and the intensive use of knowledge, technology, and innovation characterize the context in which organizations operate today. In this sense, properly managing technological resources is a primary issue in entities, sectors, regions and countries to achieve adequate and sustainable development standarts. The objective was to propose indicators to measure innovation, based on evaluating the current state of innovation capacity in the prioritized companies (a Poultry Company and a Beverage and Soft Drink Company, Pinar del Rio). The scientific methods of analysis and synthesis and logical history were used to understand the theoretical foundations of innovation capacity, and questionnaire techniques was used to determine its current state The results indicated that the companies studied are aware of the importance of innovation as a key element for competitive improvement but have not yet achieved the expected results. Among other causes, they lack scientific information for to make decisions and solve problems, they do not have a sufficient budget, not do they have specific skills in their specialists to manage innovation. Eight indicators were defined that allowed measuring the effectiveness of this process.
Capacity building is an essential element for local development. Its importance is such that, depending on the role it plays in decision-making processes, it drives, energizes, or delays the development of a municipality. This highlights the role that capacity building plays in achieving better results in development management. The scientific question of this research is the need for the main actors impacting territorial development to have the necessary capacity. Therefore, the objective of this contribution is identify the needs and capacity-building actions undertaken with local development actors in a municipality in Holgu & iacute;n Province, Cuba. To conduct this research, a diagnosis was conducted to identify capacity-building needs and subsequently implement actions to meet these needs. The methods used were surveys, interviews, observation, and document review. The study on local development management capacities in the municipality of Rafael Freyre identified the main weaknesses and strengths in local development management, as well as the capacity-building needs of its various stakeholders. Furthermore, actions were taken to build capacity and provide them with tools to carry out more effective local development management.
The research was conducted from January to April 2025, during the dry season, in green areas and avenues the Hermanos Cruz neighborhood Pinar del R & iacute;o. The objective was to characterize the incidence, and severity of Olivea tectonae in Tectona grandis trees established at different sites. Four sites were located where teak trees, 22 and 60 years old, respectively, were planted. Ten trees were randomly selected, and the manifestation symptoms and signs observed on the leaves, both on the upper and undersides, as well as the incidence and severity of the disease, were characterized. The symptoms did not differ from those described by researchers in other countries. The presence of rust was observed established trees at all four sample sites. The severity reached 93.75 % (grade 4) for the 22-year-old group, while the 60 year-old group ranged from 43.68 % to 62.35 % (grade 3). Analysis of variance for severity among tree groups of different ages revealed significant differences with a probability of (P <= 0.05).
The article address the relationship between sectoral activities and ecosystem services, in the Ci & eacute;naga de Majaguillar area, in the Mart & iacute; municipality of the Matanzas province, Cuba. Based on the analysis and determination of indices that describe the dependence and impact of sectoral activities on ecosystem services, their compatibility with the ecosystem and sustainability over time was determined. Equations were built to determine the dependency and impact indices; a position board was created for the calculated indices of sectoral activities. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used, software was used to determine the weight of ecosystem services, based on criteria evaluated through participatory techniques. The classification of ecosystem services was carried out according to the international classification of ecosystem services. The results obtained were the construction and dependency and impact indices; A position board was proposed, the way of implementing sectoral activities in the area was described, which showed the incompatibility with the ecosystem. The objective was achieved, in a new way, with the contribution of a procedure and equations. The research was contextualized in the National Plan for Economic and Social Development until 2030 and the Environmental Strategy of Cuba.
In order to diagnose the socio-environmental problems of the Celso Maragoto People's Council in Pinar del R & iacute;o province, an observational study was conducted using a mixed-method approach. A survey of ten closed questions was administered to 265 community members. The data obtained were summarized with absolute and relative frequencies, and the Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient at 95 % confidence intervals were also used. It was found that the presence of micro-landfills and the poor construction condition of the homes were environmental problems identified by 100 % of respondents. They recognized the lack of management by the responsible organizations and institutions as the main cause of the environmental problem, followed by the lack of educational processes (93 %). Although 85.3 % of respondents reported taking action to protect the environment, they do so occasionally. A weak (r < 0.3) but significant (p < 0.05) correlation was found between educational level and age and the implementation of environmental care activities. 60.8 % of the sample reported being unaware of any environmental education activities in the community. It is concluded that the current socio environmental problems of the Celso Maragoto People's Council demonstrate the need to raise environmental awareness among community members. Therefore, the design and implementation of environmental education tools could represent a way to solve or mitigate many of the environmental problems present in the People's Council.
The objective of this article is: To substantiate the university-territory management and its link to innovation in the context of the University of Panama. Using theoretical and empirical methods, the link between innovation and sustainable development with society and the state was promoted. A globalized approach was adopted as a tool to transform the environment and contribute to the socioeconomic development of Panama, revealing the particularities and distinctions. Among its main results, the need for innovative, entrepreneurial, and competitive management is made explicit, based on the new management trends in Higher Education Institutions, as well as establishing the basic elements of university-territory management and its relationship with innovation, demonstrating its importance and benefits to achieve a greater competitive advantage from the Panamanian perspective.
