The transmigration program aims to improve welfare, mainly through wet rice farming. This research objectives are: 1) To analyze the management of wet rice farming in transmigration areas; 2) To analyze the income of wet rice farming in transmigration areas; and 3) To analyze the influence of management and other factors on the income of wet rice farmers in transmigration areas. A quantitative descriptive research method was employed, with sampling conducted through purposive sampling. The study identified two management models used by wet rice farmers. Model 1 employed the jajar legowo planting pattern, utilizing irrigation and labor from within and outside the family. Model 2 applied the tabela planting pattern, relying on both irrigation and borehole irrigation, and predominantly employs labor from outside the family. The average income of rice farmers in Model 1 was IDR 3,278,446.21 per planting cycle, while in Model 2, it was IDR 1,797,150.33. Factors affecting the household income of transmigrant wet-rice farmers include age, education, land area, and farm management model.
The Legowo row planting system is a method of rice cultivation with several rows separated by one empty row. This research aims to determine the influence of farmers' knowledge and skills in applying the Legowo row planting system on rice production. A quantitative descriptive method was used with 112 rice farmers who have implemented the system in Landak Regency. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) model with SMART PLS 3.0 software. The results show that rice production using the Legowo planting system is significantly influenced by knowledge factors, including training levels and innovation adoption, and skill factors, including procedures and water management. These factors significantly impact rice production for farmers implementing the Legowo system.
The intensive and continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can degrade soil fertility and increase production costs, thereby posing a potential threat to the well-being of rice-farming households. As an alternative, the adoption of organic fertilizers is considered more environmentally sustainable and may enhance farmers’ subjective well-being. This study aims to examine the effect of organic fertilizer adoption on subjective well-being, measured through indicators of life satisfaction and happiness. The research was conducted in Penanggungan Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, involving 98 rice farmers comprising both organic and non-organic practitioners. Data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires and analyzed employing an ordered probit regression model. The results indicate that organic fertilizer adoption has a positive and statistically significant effect on farmers’ life satisfaction and happiness. Socioeconomic factors, including the number of dependents, farming experience, and secondary employment, also influence subjective well-being. These findings underscore that farmers’ well-being is shaped not only by economic factors but also by sustainable agricultural practices; therefore, expanding organic fertilizer adoption may serve as a viable strategy to promote sustainable farmer well-being.
This qualitative study explores the labor culture of siwalan farmers in Madura, Indonesia, highlighting how religious values and prayer practices are integrated into daily agricultural routines. Departing from conventional productivity metrics, it examines how adherence to Islamic principles particularly respecting prayer times defines work ethic and productivity within this community. Based on in-depth interviews and observations, the study reveals how spirituality shapes decision-making, work schedules, and attitudes toward labor. The findings emphasize the role of religious commitment in guiding agricultural activities, suggesting that spiritual fulfillment is central to productivity and well-being. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of indigenous work cultures in Indonesia, especially how religious frameworks shape perceptions of labor beyond economic measures. Insights from this study are also valuable for policymakers and development practitioners engaging with agricultural communities, and they enrich broader academic discussions on the intersection of religion, work, and economy in non-Western contexts.
The current development of ICT is transforming the approach to agricultural extension from conventional methods to advanced method by incorporating digital technology. Jarkomluhdes is an online agricultural extension activity implemented as an effort to enhance the institutional development of extension services at the village level, known as Posluhdes. This research aims to analyze the level of participation and effectiveness of Jarkomluhdes, as well as to examine the influencing factors. The study employs a quantitative approach and survey method. The population includes 132 officials and members of Posluhdes spread across 12 villages in 5 sub-districts of Bekasi Regency, with a census sampling method. Data is analyzed using PLS method through SmartPLS 3.2.9. The level of participation and effectiveness of Jarkomluhdes is categorized as very low. The role of facilitators and the availability of facilities and infrastructure influence the level of participation. Furthermore, the level of participation affects the effectiveness of Jarkomluhdes.
This study investigates the role of permaculture-based agroforestry in strengthening ecosystem restoration, food security, and community resilience within the indigenous Dayak Meratus population in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Following a major flash flood in 2021, an integrated landscape management initiative was implemented in Hinas Kiri village. From January to June 2025, data from 100 respondents collected through modified snowball sampling revealed measurable improvements in ecological and socio-economic indicators. The implementation of agroforestry systems based on permaculture principles resulted in increased plant diversity, improved soil conditions, and positive trends in tree growth Biophysical assessments showed increased tree canopy cover and trunk diameter (5.7–7.1%) across Shorea sp., Peronema canescens, and Hevea brasiliensis, while crop yields rose for banana (+8.0%), taro (+8.9%), and rattan (+12.5%). Grounded theory analysis indicated a perceptual shift among farmers, who increasingly viewed permaculture as a climate adaptation strategy and pathway to economic diversification. A digital monitoring prototype and preliminary policy brief were developed to support adaptive management and evidence-based decision-making. The findings provide empirically grounded insights and demonstrate the value of an integrative nexus-based approach for climate-resilient landscape governance in rural area.
The palm oil industry generates a large amount of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), which remain underutilized and pose potential environmental problems. On the other hand, EFB has lignocellulosic characteristics that make it suitable for use as a growing medium for straw mushrooms and as a raw material for compost production. This study aims to develop a partnership model based on technological implementation for utilizing EFB as a substrate for straw mushroom cultivation and compost production. The research employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. SWOT analysis was used to identify internal and external factors, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to determine strategic priorities. The results indicate that the core actors in the partnership include the government, palm oil mills, and small and medium enterprises engaged in mushroom and compost production. The IFE score of 3.38 and EFE score of 3.53 place the partnership in an aggressive grow and build position. Priority strategies include scaling up EFB-based straw mushroom production, developing compost processing units from spent mushroom substrate, and strengthening upstream–downstream integration between palm oil mills and SMEs.
The main obstacles in citrus fruit farming in West Miomaffo District are education, farmer experience, age, marketing aspects are factors in the problem of decreasing production and farmer income. The purpose of the study is a marketing strategy for citrus fruits through a characteristic approach of farmers. Data collection in the form of primary, secondary data and FGD methods. The analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed (1) the characteristics of male farmers had a percentage of 56%, age 35%, family dependents 59%, elementary school education level of 60%, farming experience of 34%, and land area of 56%. (2) citrus fruit marketing strategies; 1) products consist of, product range, quality, and size; 2) price; price lists, discounts, payment periods and immediate terms; 3) promotions; sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing; 4) premises; channels, coverage, location, and transportation. The conclusion of the research is that by increasing farmer education and expanding land area, it can improve quality, size, price, expand marketing channels and have a wider scope of marketing locations.
This study aims to analyze cocoa farming income and post-harvest processing in post-harvest processing in Punduh Pidada Sub-district, Pesawaran Regency. This research uses survey method by conducting interviews to 53 sample farmers in 2 villages, namely 29 farmers in Baturaja Village and 24 farmers in Banding Agung Village. 24 farmers in Banding Agung Village. Sample determination was carried out with a simple random sampling technique. technique (simple random sampling) and data collection using a questionnaire. Data collection was conducted in February to March 2023. This research data was analyzed by using income analysis according to Soekartawi. Results fresh cocoa farming income obtained by farmers in Punduh Pidada Subdistrict of Pesawaran Regency is IDR23.992.537,37/ha/year. Whereas cocoa farming income with drying (post-harvest management) is 1, 2, 3, and 4 days drying respectively amounted to IDR40,949,018.88/ha/year, IDR38,870,452/ha/year, IDR29,485,659.01/ha/year, and IDR16,345,331.58/ha/year. R/C has a result of more than 1, meaning that cocoa farming is profitable and feasible to cultivate.
In general, corn cultivation carries a number of risks, such as price and production risk. The risks will influence farmers' behavior in facing farming risks. The objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze the risk level of sweet corn farming on peatlands. 2) analyze farmers' behavior regarding the risks of sweet corn farming on peatlands. The research method used was purposive sampling, where samples were taken from 82 farmers in Rasau Jaya Satu Village. Data collection was carried out through interviews with questionnaires. The data analysis used is farming risk analysis using the coefficient of variation (CV) and farmer behavior towards risk using quadratic utility function analysis. The research results show that the production risk obtained is 0.11 0.5 and the income risk is 0.11, meaning that the farming risk faced by corn farmers is small. Overall, the majority of sweet corn farmers behaved in a risk-averse manner (risk averters) amounting to 52% or as many as 43 people while the remaining 48% or 39 people behaved boldly towards risks (risk takers).
Indonesia ranks as the world's third-largest cocoa butter exporter, contributing 11% to global exports. However, export values have declined from USD 791 million (2020) to USD 627 million (2023), presenting a paradox given Indonesia's substantial production capacity, established infrastructure, and supportive policy interventions.This study analyzes the comparative advantage and export performance dynamics of Indonesian cocoa butter in global markets during 2010–2023, using an integrated Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) framework. Time-series export data were obtained from UN COMTRADE, ITC, and Trademap for HS code 180400. The study compares Indonesia with Malaysia across two contrasting destination markets: the United States (mature, high-value market) and Estonia (emerging EU gateway). RCA analysis measures comparative advantage based on export structure specialization, while EPD categorizes competitive positioning into four quadrants: Rising Star, Falling Star, Lost Opportunity, and Retreat. Indonesia demonstrates exceptionally high RCA values (Estonia: 87.80; US: 50.43), confirming strong comparative advantage. However, EPD analysis reveals divergent market dynamics: Indonesia achieves Rising Star status in Estonia (expanding market share in growing market) but Falling Star status in the US (gaining share in declining market). Malaysia falls into the Lost Opportunity quadrant in both markets, indicating declining competitiveness. The findings reveal a critical RCA-EPD paradox: high comparative advantage does not guarantee sustainable market growth. While RCA reflects structural export specialization, EPD captures dynamic competitive positioning. This divergence underscores that export strategies must integrate both static comparative advantage and dynamic market responsiveness. For Indonesia, maintaining competitiveness requires market diversification, product upgrading, and adaptive strategies tailored to market-specific demand trajectories.
Broilers are one of the animal protein producers that experience an increase in demand every year. Based on data from the Food Security and Livestock Service Office of Pamekasan Regency in 2019, the highest broiler production in Pamekasan Regency was located in Larangan Subdistrict, however, many farmers closed their businesses. This research was conducted at Pak Rudi's broiler farm located in Pamekasan Regency with the aim of knowing the sources of risk, prioritizing risks that require the most immediate prevention, and knowing alternative control strategies. The methods used in this research are fishbone and FMEA. The results of this study indicate that there are three main sources of risk on this broiler farm including production risk, financial risk, and marketing risk. Risk prioritization lies in the source of production risk with an indicator of the risk of contracting diseases for alternative strategies used in controlling risks in the form of administering vaccines regularly to maintain the immune system of chickens and conducting examinations on chickens carefully and regularly so that if there are chickens that contract diseases, treatment can be carried out quickly and appropriately to avoid disease transmission to other chickens.
This article discusses the perceptions of rice farming households towards factors that become constraints in rice farming activities. It emphasizes more on-farm activities on how the dynamics of changes in farmers' perceptions, in the study of rice farming households in Aceh Province. This study uses Aceh Provincial Agricultural Census data for the food crop subsector from 3,353 rice farming households across the province in 2013. The analytical model used is a multivariate probit model, which consists of two dependent variables, i.e., harvest size, and farmer household perceptions. The following table estimates farmer households' perceptions of the various constraints faced that have led to a decline in farmer household productivity. All factors that are the focus of this study are positively perceived by rice farmers. The probability of an expansion of rice harvest area due to the loan factor, the ratio of input prices to output prices and climate change is more than 60 percent. While the perception of farmer households on the availability and wages of farm laborers at 57.7 percent. The implication of several factor’s explaining that capital loans, changes in input and output ratios and climate change on rice farming households is positive any increase in access to loans, improvement in the value of output-input ratios, stability of climate change and farm labor wages will positively affect the probability of increasing the harvest area of rice farming households in Aceh Province.
This research analyze environmental externality costs by estimate the value of Willingness to Pay (WTP), Willingness to Accept (WTA), and the effect of environmental costs on the profits of the Tofu Agroindustry in Gadingrejo Village Pringsewu Regency. This research method is a case study. Respondents were determined purposively with a total of 12 agro-industries and 48 communities. Research data were collected from October to November 2023. The analytical method used was Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate WTP and WTA values and profit analysis to see the difference in profits before and after internalizing environmental costs. The results showed that the average WTP value was Rp94,791 per month per agro-industry. The average WTA value was obtained at Rp26,875 per month per community. There was a decrease in the average profit of agro-industry by 1.12% per month or Rp94,791.67 after internalizing environmental costs.
The social sustainability impact of the Food Estate Program has been the subject of extensive research, providing an evaluation assessment of social, economic, and environmental aspects. However, there has been a paucity of research examining the farmers surrounding the Food Estate Program in greater detail, especially regarding its social impacts. The present study employs the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) to analyze the social impacts. The S-LCA is a methodological approach that utilizes primary data from various stakeholders, including farmers, governments, farmer groups, and the broader community. The objective of this study is threefold: first, to ascertain the social criteria employed to evaluate the social impact of strategic commodity farming; second, to examine the experiences and expectations of stakeholders concerning farming activities from a social perspective; and third, to identify the aspects of social sustainability in strategic commodity farming. The findings indicate that the social impact category that exerts the most significant influence on agricultural practices is that of socio-economic factors. Of the five social impact categories, only human rights and socio-economics demonstrate conditions that surpass the expected range. To achieve social sustainability, stakeholders in the strategic commodity farming system must collaborate to establish effective governance.
The aim of this research is to determine the supply chain system, margins and marketing efficiency of dairy cow’s milk in Gunung Pati. This research was conducted in February-March 2024. The location of this research was determined purposively with the consideration that Gunung Pati District is a dairy cattle business center with great potential. The respondents in this study were the entire population of the three largest Farmer’s Groups (KTT) in Gunung Pati District, namely 68 dairy farmers consisting of KTT Rejeki Lumintu, KTT Sido Makmur and KTT Rukun Makmur. This research analysis method is descriptive in nature to describe the location and type of marketing channels. The results of the research show that the marketing margin and marketing efficiency it is good, this can be seen from farmers who get more than 50% of the profit, so the farmer’s profits are quite large.
The first goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to eradicate poverty by 2030. In Indonesia, achieving this goal requires particular attention to the agricultural sector, where a large share of the poor population is concentrated. This study examines poverty dynamics among agricultural households in Indonesia using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for 2007 and 2014, applying a spell approach. The findings indicate that temporary (transient) poverty accounts for 74.55% of total poverty, while chronic poverty constitutes 25.45%. Furthermore, the results from the ordered logit model reveal that dynamic poverty is significantly influenced by the household head’s age and education level, household size, gender, access to electricity and financial credit, residential location (within or outside Java), as well as changes in household size, education level, access to credit, and land ownership.
Organic rice is rice that has the benefit of being a high source of carbohydrates and having health benefits, being fluffier and delicious to eat. Organic certification for agricultural products has a very important meaning in gaining consumer trust. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the consumption of organic rice with Indonesian Organic certification and analyze which factors have the most dominant influence on the consumption of organic rice with Indonesian Organic certification. The basic method is quantitative descriptive with purposive location determination with a total of 60 respondents. The location of this research was carried out at PT Berkah Dua Agri and Agriwira Mandiri Sejahtera. This location was determined because the research location provides organic rice with Indonesian Organic certification and has direct access to consumers who will be used as samples. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that the price of organic rice, number of family members and tastes have a negative influence on the consumption of organic rice with Indonesian organic certification. The price of complementary goods and the price of substitute goods have a positive influence. The income variable has no effect. The most dominant factors are the prices of complementary goods and the prices of substitute goods
