Introduction: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) remains a persistent public health threats in Iran due to its zoonotic nature and frequent human-livestock interactions. As an educated and influential demographic, university students are pivotal in promoting preventive biosafety practices. However, potential knowledge gaps within this group may perpetuate high-risk behaviors and disease transmission. This study adapted to a biosafety-oriented approach to assess the knowledge and attitudes of university students in Kermanshah Province regarding Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, aiming to provide evidence-based insights for targeted educational interventions and policy development. S Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 384 students representing diverse academic disciplines and levels, who completed a revalidated Likert-scale questionnaire. The instrument exhibited acceptable reliability, yielding Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.87 for knowledge and0.82 for attitudes. Analyses included appropriate nonparametric tests, multivariable regression, and Pearson correlation with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Additionally, the study fully adhered to all required ethical standards. Results: Higher knowledge was associated with male gender (β=0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.38, P=0.001P=0.001P=0.001) and with higher academic level (β=0.29, 95% CI: 0.16–0.42, P<0.001P<0.001P<0.001). Students in life sciences reported greater knowledge than those in other fields (β=0.31, 95% CI: 0.18–0.44, P<0.001P<0.001P<0.001). The odds of being in the upper quartile of attitudes were higher among males (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.18–2.52, P=0.005P=0.005P=0.005) and increased with academic level (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.33–2.86, P=0.001P=0.001P=0.001). The internet and social media were the predominant information sources. Conclusion: The significant heterogeneity in knowledge and attitudes among different student subgroups highlights the need for targeted and stratified educational programs based on characteristics such as gender, academic discipline, and educational level. Integrating biosafety educational packages based on social media platforms, interactive learning approaches, and modern communication strategies into university policies may enhance risk literacy, improve preventive behaviors, and strengthen student engagement. Ultimately, these approaches not only bolster public health preparedness against Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever but should also be considered as essential components of sustainable long-term efforts to prevent and manage emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Introduction: Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in lung cancer progression by stimulating tumor growth, enhancing tumor invasion, contributing to metastasis, and modifying immune system responses within the tumor microenvironment. However, the effects of physical exercise and antioxidant consumption on the process of angiogenesis in lung cancer remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the study of progressive swimming training along with curcumin on angiogenesis markers in lung tissue in mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male BALB/c mice (aged 8 to 10 weeks) were randomly assigned to healthy (n=6) and experimental groups (n=30). Following the induction of lung cancer via an injection of 100 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene), the experimental group of mice were further subdivided into five equal groups (n=6 each): benzo[a]pyrene, sham, swimming training, curcumin, and combined training + curcumin. Mice in the training and combined training + curcumin groups underwent a 12-week swimming exercise protocol three times a week, following the principle of overload. Groups 4 and 5 received 100 mg/kg of curcumin intraperitoneally daily for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the final training session, the gene expression levels of VEGF and ET-1 in lung tissue was measured using Real-Time PCR. Gene expression differences between study groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); where significant differences were observed, Tukey’s post-hoc test was employed to identify the specific differences. Additionally, the interactive effects of exercise and curcumin supplementation were examined using two-way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16), with the threshold for statistical significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The results indicated that swimming training, curcumin supplementation, and the combined training + curcumin significantly reduced the expression of VEGF and ET-1 genes compared to the benzopyrene group (p<0.05), and the greatest reduction in the expression of VEGF and ET-1 genes was observed in the training + curcumin group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, although swimming exercise and curcumin supplementation—when administered individually—reduce the expression of genes associated with lung tissue angiogenesis in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice, the combined use of curcumin and swimming exercise exerts a significantly greater inhibitory effect on the angiogenic process in the lung tissue of samples with lung cancer. Further studies are needed to generalize the results to human population
Introduction: The rapid aging of the population in Iran has posed a significant challenge to the healthcare system regarding the maintenance of functional independence in the elderly. Within this demographic, sarcopenia and malnutrition represent critical concerns, exhibiting a notably higher frequency- especially among elderly women in public nursing facilities- stemming from socioeconomic limitations and disparities in service accessibility. Even though extensive research exists, there remains a notable void in our understanding of the relationship between nutritional health and the measurable markers of sarcopenia within this vulnerable population. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate this association among elderly women living in public nursing homes in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 elderly women residing in public nursing homes in Qazvin City during spring 2024. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula, and participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the standardized Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, encompassing four domains: anthropometry, dietary habits, global assessment, and self-perception of health (score range: 0–30). Sarcopenia-related indicators were evaluated based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) guidelines, including muscle strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer (weakness threshold <18 kg), muscle mass assessed by calf circumference using a measuring tape (sarcopenia threshold <33 cm), and physical performance elevated through the 4-meter gait speed test, the 5-time chair stand test, and self-report. For 11 participants with severe mobility limitations, height was estimated using the Chumlea formula. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05, with SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was 28.33% and 50%, respectively, while only 21.66% of the participants had an optimal nutritional status. Optimal nutrition was significantly and positively associated with muscle strength (r=0.76, P=0.04), muscle mass (r=0.79, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=0.33, P=0.03). Conversely, malnutrition demonstrated a significant negative correlation with muscle strength (r=-0.80, P=0.001), muscle mass (r=-0.85, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=-0.61, P=0.002). Among those with optimal nutrition, 91.6% had normal or strong muscle strength and 100% had normal muscle mass, whereas in the malnutrition group, 100% showed impaired physical performance and 25% were unable to perform basic activities. Conclusion: The elevated prevalence of malnutrition is associated with a marked reduction in muscle strength, mass, and physical performance, underscoring the necessity of regular nutritional screening and combined dietary-exercise interventions in public nursing homes. Despite limitations such as the cross-sectional design and the lack of gold-standard methods for body composition assessment, the focus on a high-risk and understudied subgroup represents a strength of this research. Ultimately, these results provide a foundational framework for evidence-based policymaking aimed at the early detection and management of sarcopenia, as well as improving the overall quality of life for vulnerable elderly individuals. Introduction: The rapid aging of the population in Iran has posed a significant challenge to the healthcare system regarding the maintenance of functional independence in the elderly. Within this demographic, sarcopenia and malnutrition represent critical concerns, exhibiting a notably higher frequency- especially among elderly women in public nursing facilities- stemming from socioeconomic limitations and disparities in service accessibility. Even though extensive research exists, there remains a notable void in our understanding of the relationship between nutritional health and the measurable markers of sarcopenia within this vulnerable population. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate this association among elderly women living in public nursing homes in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 elderly women residing in public nursing homes in Qazvin City during spring 2024. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula, and participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the standardized Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, encompassing four domains: anthropometry, dietary habits, global assessment, and self-perception of health (score range: 0–30). Sarcopenia-related indicators were evaluated based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) guidelines, including muscle strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer (weakness threshold <18 kg), muscle mass assessed by calf circumference using a measuring tape (sarcopenia threshold <33 cm), and physical performance elevated through the 4-meter gait speed test, the 5-time chair stand test, and self-report. For 11 participants with severe mobility limitations, height was estimated using the Chumlea formula. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05, with SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was 28.33% and 50%, respectively, while only 21.66% of the participants had an optimal nutritional status. Optimal nutrition was significantly and positively associated with muscle strength (r=0.76, P=0.04), muscle mass (r=0.79, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=0.33, P=0.03). Conversely, malnutrition demonstrated a significant negative correlation with muscle strength (r=-0.80, P=0.001), muscle mass (r=-0.85, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=-0.61, P=0.002). Among those with optimal nutrition, 91.6% had normal or strong muscle strength and 100% had normal muscle mass, whereas in the malnutrition group, 100% showed impaired physical performance and 25% were unable to perform basic activities. Conclusion: The elevated prevalence of malnutrition is associated with a marked reduction in muscle strength, mass, and physical performance, underscoring the necessity of regular nutritional screening and combined dietary-exercise interventions in public nursing homes. Despite limitations such as the cross-sectional design and the lack of gold-standard methods for body composition assessment, the focus on a high-risk and understudied subgroup represents a strength of this research. Ultimately, these results provide a foundational framework for evidence-based policymaking aimed at the early detection and management of sarcopenia, as well as improving the overall quality of life for vulnerable elderly individuals.
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the leading causes of pain, disability, and reduced quality of life worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and society. In recent decades, advances in rehabilitation science and the growing adoption of evidence-based practice have shifted the focus of rehabilitation from merely alleviating symptoms to restoring function, enhancing participation, improving quality of life, and promoting patient independence. Within this framework, exercise and structured physical activity have emerged as safe, effective, and cost-efficient non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders. Scientific evidence demonstrates that appropriately prescribed exercise programs improve neuromuscular function, muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, motor control, and functional performance while reducing pain and minimizing the risk of recurrence. In addition to their physical benefits, regular exercise contributes significantly to mental well-being by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and enhancing self-efficacy. Despite considerable progress in exercise therapy and rehabilitation, further high-quality research, innovative interventions, and interdisciplinary collaboration remain essential to optimize patient outcomes and facilitate the translation of evidence into clinical practice. This editorial highlights the pivotal role of exercise in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders and emphasizes the importance of evidence-based approaches in advancing rehabilitation services and improving patients' quality of life.
Introduction: Female infertility is a major challenge in reproductive health, influenced by multiple genetic and molecular factors. This study aimed to investigate the role of RAD51 and MRE11 genes in oocyte maturation and their involvement in molecular networks. Methods: The protein–protein interaction network was retrieved from the STRING database and analyzed using Cytoscape. The MCODE algorithm was applied to identify functional clusters, and pathway enrichment tools were used to determine relevant biological pathways. Regulatory miRNAs targeting these genes were examined using the miRTarBase database. Results: Network analysis revealed that BRCA1 and BARD1 act as central hub genes, while ATM and ATRX were identified in key functional clusters by MCODE. Enriched pathways indicated the involvement of these genes in homologous recombination, DNA damage response, cellular senescence, and the cell cycle. Furthermore, miRTarBase analysis showed that several miRNAs, including miR-155 and miR-34a, are capable of targeting RAD51 and potentially regulating its expression. Conclusion: These findings highlight the critical role of DNA repair–related gene networks in maintaining oocyte quality and suggest that RAD51, MRE11, and their associated pathways could serve as potential therapeutic targets for female infertility.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases continue to be a major cause of mortality among women, and regular physical activity is widely considered one of the most effective non-pharmacological strategies for maintaining cardiovascular health. However, the structural and functional cardiac responses to various forms of exercise may differ between women and men owing to physiological, hormonal, body composition, and health-status differences. In recent years, advanced imaging modalities, including speckle-tracking echocardiography, three-dimensional echocardiography, cardiac stress testing, and other novel approaches to assessing cardiac function, have enabled more precise evaluation of structural and functional cardiac changes. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to systematically review published research on the effects of different types of exercise on cardiac function in women, with particular emphasis on findings derived from advanced imaging techniques. Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC) using specialized keywords related to exercise training, cardiac function, women, and advanced imaging methods. Following the removal of duplicate records and the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, eligible studies were selected according to predefined inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria comprised a focus on women, the application of advanced imaging methods for the assessment of cardiac function, presentation of valid quantitative data, and publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the standard Downs and Black checklist. Results: A total of 16 eligible studies were included in the review. The findings showed that, in most studies, aerobic and endurance training were associated in most studies with improved myocardial strain, increased peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), enhanced systolic and diastolic cardiac function, and greater functional cardiac capacity. Differences related to sex, age, body composition, blood pressure status, and individual physiological conditions were also observed in the magnitude of training responses. Some studies further suggested that exercise type, intensity, and duration may influence the extent of cardiac adaptations. Moreover, advanced imaging methods, particularly speckle-tracking echocardiography, were shown to be more sensitive than conventional approaches in detecting subtle functional changes, including alterations in myocardial strain, and therefore played an important role in the accurate assessment of exercise-induced cardiac adaptations. Conclusion: Available evidence indicates that regular exercise training, especially aerobic and endurance exercise, exerts beneficial effects on cardiac function in women; however, the magnitude of these responses is influenced by individual characteristics, health status, body composition, and the type of training program. Advanced imaging modalities can contribute substantially to the precise detection of functional cardiac changes, the design of personalized exercise programs, and the improvement of cardiovascular prevention and care strategies in women. Future well-designed studies with standardized designs and larger sample populations may further clarify sex-specific cardiac responses to different forms of exercise training. Keywords: Speckle-tracking echocardiography, women's cardiac function, exercise training, stress testing, myocardial strain
Introduction: Infertility represents a significant global public health challenge that extends beyond its medical dimensions and is accompanied by significant psychological, social, and cultural stigma that substantially affects the quality of life of affected couples. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), being the primary driver of female infertility, imposes this stigma-related burden for patients. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review. A comprehensive, non-time-limited systematic search was performed across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, MagIran, and Google Scholar, utilizing relevant keywords in both Persian and English. This inclusion criteria comprised original research, reviews, and both qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on psychosocial, cultural, or educational strategies aimed at reducing infertility stigma. Results: An analysis of 11 selected studies revealed that psychosocial interventions (such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and peer support networks) reduce stigma-induced psychological distress by decreasing anxiety and depression while enhancing resilience. Cultural interventions facilitate better program acceptance by reconstructing social narratives, engaging religious leaders, and adapting interventions to the cultural context of traditional societies. Furthermore, innovative educational interventions (including the Teach-back technique, short videos, and artistic approaches) with high accessibility and low cost effectively correct misconceptions and significantly reduce perceived stigma. Conclusion: Interventions that are multidimensional, integrated, culture-oriented, and gender-sensitive interventions that synergistically address psychosocial, cultural, and educational dimensions demonstrate greater effectiveness in reducing infertility stigma. The sustainability of outcomes requires long-term follow-up. Developing standard, culture-based, and multi-level (individual, family, and social) intervention protocols for healthcare providers is recommended.
Introduction: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) remains a persistent public health threats in Iran due to its zoonotic nature and frequent human-livestock interactions. As an educated and influential demographic, university students are pivotal in promoting preventive biosafety practices. However, potential knowledge gaps within this group may perpetuate high-risk behaviors and disease transmission. This study adapted to a biosafety-oriented approach to assess the knowledge and attitudes of university students in Kermanshah Province regarding Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, aiming to provide evidence-based insights for targeted educational interventions and policy development. S Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 384 students representing diverse academic disciplines and levels, who completed a revalidated Likert-scale questionnaire. The instrument exhibited acceptable reliability, yielding Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.87 for knowledge and0.82 for attitudes. Analyses included appropriate nonparametric tests, multivariable regression, and Pearson correlation with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Additionally, the study fully adhered to all required ethical standards. Results: Higher knowledge was associated with male gender (β=0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.38, P=0.001P=0.001P=0.001) and with higher academic level (β=0.29, 95% CI: 0.16–0.42, P<0.001P<0.001P<0.001). Students in life sciences reported greater knowledge than those in other fields (β=0.31, 95% CI: 0.18–0.44, P<0.001P<0.001P<0.001). The odds of being in the upper quartile of attitudes were higher among males (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.18–2.52, P=0.005P=0.005P=0.005) and increased with academic level (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.33–2.86, P=0.001P=0.001P=0.001). The internet and social media were the predominant information sources. Conclusion: The significant heterogeneity in knowledge and attitudes among different student subgroups highlights the need for targeted and stratified educational programs based on characteristics such as gender, academic discipline, and educational level. Integrating biosafety educational packages based on social media platforms, interactive learning approaches, and modern communication strategies into university policies may enhance risk literacy, improve preventive behaviors, and strengthen student engagement. Ultimately, these approaches not only bolster public health preparedness against Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever but should also be considered as essential components of sustainable long-term efforts to prevent and manage emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
Introduction: Fracture of an endodontic instrument within a root canal constitutes a major challenge to accomplishing adequate cleaning and proper three-dimensional obturation. This case report aimed to present a clinical case and evaluate the role of cold ceramic in managing fractured endodontic instruments. A 20-year-old patient presented with pain in the maxillary second premolar, where a fractured file was detected in the apical third of the canal. Following canal debridement, attempts to remove the fragment were unsuccessful. In order to avoid perforation, an apical barrier made of cold ceramic was placed in both canals, and obturation was subsequently completed using gutta-percha and sealer. The patient’s symptoms resolved within 14 days. At the three-month follow-up visit, the patient remained asymptomatic, and radiographic examination showed complete healing and bone regeneration. The removal of fractured instruments located in the apical third carries considerable risk. Cold ceramic, with high sealing ability and biocompatibility, represents a valuable option in such cases.
Introduction: Gastrointestinal lymPhomas (GILs) are among the most common forms of extranodal lymPhoma and rePresent a heterogeneous grouP with resPect to clinical Presentation, anatomical site of involvement, and histoPathological subtyPes. Understanding the clinicoPathological characteristics of this disease in different geograPhic regions may facilitate early diagnosis, aPProPriate treatment selection, and imProved Patient outcomes. Therefore, the Present study was conducted to evaluate the demograPhic, clinical, and Pathological characteristics of Patients with gastrointestinal lymPhoma. Methods: This retrosPective descriPtive cross-sectional study was conducted on 62 Patients with gastrointestinal lymPhoma referred to the Pathology DePartment of Shahid Sadoughi HosPital, Yazd, during 2018–2023. All eligible Patients were enrolled using a census samPling method. DemograPhic characteristics, clinical manifestations, anatomical sites of involvement, and final Pathological diagnoses were extracted from electronic health records and Pathology archives. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Quantitative variables were Presented as mean ± standard deviation, and qualitative variables were rePorted as frequency and Percentage. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations between variables, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the Patients was 46.26 ± 25.01 years. Among the 62 evaluated Patients, 40 (64.52%) were female and 22 (35.48%) were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The most common clinical manifestations were abdominal Pain (48.39%), weight loss (38.71%), and anorexia (37.10%), resPectively. Regarding the anatomical sites of involvement, the stomach was the most frequently affected site (24.19%), followed by the liver (17.74%) and Pancreas (11.29%). Simultaneous involvement of two anatomical sites was observed in 8.07% of Patients. HistoPathologically, diffuse large B-cell lymPhoma (DLBCL) was the most common subtyPe (41.93%), followed by B-cell lymPhoma (16.13%) and Burkitt lymPhoma (9.68%). Significant associations were observed between clinical symPtoms, including anorexia, dysPhagia, odynoPhagia, and nausea/vomiting, and the anatomical site of involvement (P<0.05). A significant association was also found between Patient age and Pathological diagnosis (P=0.005); however, sex was not significantly associated with either the anatomical site of involvement or Pathological subtyPe. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that gastrointestinal lymPhoma was more Prevalent among males, with the stomach being the most commonly involved site. Diffuse large B-cell lymPhoma (DLBCL) was identified as the Predominant Pathological subtyPe, and abdominal Pain was the most frequent clinical manifestation. Recognition of these demograPhic, clinical, and Pathological Patterns may contribute to early diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and imProved Patient management. Given the diagnostic challenges associated with this disease, further large-scale multicenter studies are recommended to oPtimize diagnostic and theraPeutic aPProaches.
Background: In order to achieve the educational goals, it is important and necessary to follow the educational curriculum. In this study, the degree of conformity of the type and number of radiographs included in the educational curriculum with the radiographs taken by dental students in Yazd was evaluated. Material and Methods: In order to conduct this study, the students who had practical radiology unit 1 , 2 or 3 in the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023 were requested to provide us with their logbooks if they are satisfied. Demographic information, including radiology practical unit and academic semester, as well as the number and type of radiographic stereotypes prepared by students, were carefully recorded and compared with the mandatory radiographs specified in the educational curriculum of radiology practical units. Finally, the data were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test. Results: In all practical radiology units 1, 2 and 3 the amount of paralleling, occlusal, panoramic and lateral cephalometric technique radiographs was zero. The average ratio of the number of bisecting-angle radiographs taken to the number specified in the educational curriculum was 119% in practical radiology unit 1 and 173% in practical radiology unit 2. in bitewing radiography, this average was 87% and 166% in practical radiology unit 1 and 2, respectively. Also, the average in practical radiology unit 3 was, 1970%. Conclusion: Due to the inconsistency, perhaps a review of the educational curriculum in the implementation of practical training in the department of oral and maxillofacial radiology is needed.
Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that depends on estrogen and affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Although the exact cause of endometriosis remains unclear, it is suggested that combination of genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors is involved in its pathogenesis. Studies have shown that impaired immune system function plays a role in the development of endometriotic lesions. One type of immune cells that may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis is the natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are components of the innate immune system and play a critical role in defending against infections and eliminating abnormal cells, including cancerous cells. They are also involved in maternal-fetal tolerance and maintaining reproductive health. Increasing evidence suggests that both the function and number of NK cells are altered in endometriosis. Furthermore, recent research has shown promising results regarding the potential role of NK cells in the treatment of endometriosis.
Introduction: Pursuing the educational curriculum is both vital and essential for the attainment of academic objectives. In this study, it was assessed how closely the quantity and variety of radiographs completed by dental students in Yazd City aligned with those mandated by the formal educational curriculum. Methods: In order to conduct this study, the students enrolled in practical radiology units 1, 2 or 3 during the first semester of the 2022-2023 academic year were invited to voluntarily share their logbooks. Demographic information, including the specific practical radiology unit and academic semester, along with the number and type of radiographic stereotypes prepared by students, were meticulously documented and compared with the mandatory radiographs specified in the educational curriculum of radiology practical units. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through the application of SPSS version 16 and ANOVA and T-test. Results: Across all practical radiology units 1, 2 and 3, the frequency of paralleling, occlusal, panoramic and lateral cephalometric technique radiographs was nonexistent. In practical radiology unit 1, the mean ratio of bisecting-angle radiographs taken to the number specified in the educational curriculum was 119%, while in practical radiology unit 2, it was 173%. Regarding bitewing radiography, this mean ratio was 87% in practical radiology unit 1 and 166% in practical radiology unit 2. Furthermore, the mean for practical radiology unit 3 reached 1970%. Conclusion: Given these inconsistencies, it appears that a re-evaluation of the educational curriculum as it relates to the implementation of practical training within the department of oral and maxillofacial radiology is needed.
Introduction: Cyclophosphamide, as a chemotherapeutic drug, causes induction of oxidative stress and disruption in the testis structure and function. In this study, the effect of selenium as a strong antioxidant on the testicular tissue of male mice after treatment with cyclophosphamide was evaluated. Methods: For this experimental study, 32 adult male NMRI mice were divided into four groups of eight: control, cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, administered once weekly), selenium (1 mg/kg daily for 35 days), and a combination of cyclophosphamide and selenium. Following the 35-day treatment period, the mice were dissected; the left testis was utilized to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), while the right testis, after undergoing fixation, tissue processing, sectioning, and hematoxylin-eosin staining, was employed for stereological analyses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, applying one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: In the cyclophosphamide group compared to control, a significant decrease was observed in mean total testis volume, seminiferous tubules volume (p<0.001), interstitial tissue volume (p<0.01), as well as in the length, diameter, and height of the germinal epithelium. basement membrane thickness, number of spermatogenic, Sertoli and Leydig cells, spermatogenesis indices, Johnsen score, and TAC level of testicular tissue (p<0.001), while the MDA level significantly increased (p<0.001). In the cyclophosphamide plus selenium group, these changes were compensated at the control level. Conclusion: The results showed that cyclophosphamide induces oxidative stress, causes disruption in the structure and function of the testis. While selenium reduced these damages and improved important histological and oxidative stress parameters to levels similar to the control group, suggesting a protective role against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage.
Introduction: Universities today continue to confront the persistent challenge of balancing adherence to established knowledge while also encouraging innovation and critical inquiry. Scientific progress depends not only on preserving accumulated evidence and experience, but also on questioning existing assumptions and exploring new ideas. In medical education, this balance holds particular significance, since evidence-based practice must coexist alongside independent thinking, creativity, and the capacity to address emerging challenges. Excessive reliance on quantitative performance indicators may inadvertently shift attention from the true mission of universities: the cultivation of thoughtful professionals capable of both respecting and advancing knowledge. Sustainable scientific development requires a dynamic equilibrium between commitment to rigorous standards and openness to innovation. Academic journals, as platforms for scholarly dialogue, play a vital role in fostering this balance and promoting the advancement of science in service of humanity.
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with a prevalence of 0.5 to 1 percent in the population. Recently, a population of immune cells known as mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) has been identified in humans, although their role in RA remains unclear. These cells respond to antigens presented by MHC class I-like molecules called MR1. This study examined the expression level of MR1 molecules on the surface of mononuclear cells in the synovial fluid of patients with RA. Methods: In this case-control study, 14 patients with advanced RA and 14 healthy individuals were selected. Synovial fluid and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients. Additionally, only blood samples were collected from the healthy individuals. The frequency of MR1-expressing cells in synovial fluid and peripheral blood was measured using flow cytometry and reported as the average percentage of MR1-positive cells. Results: On average, 12.5% of synovial fluid cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis expressed the MR1 protein. In addition, 0.65% of peripheral blood cells in these patients were positive for MR1. In the control group, 0.61% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed MR1 expression. Statistical analysis showed that the expression level of MR1 on mononuclear cells in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly higher than in the blood of these patients and in the blood of healthy individuals (P<0.001). Conclusion: The increased expression of MR1 on the surface of mononuclear cells in the synovial fluid of RA patients may lead to the activation of MAIT cells.
Introduction: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the disorders that can have a significant negative impact on the family. Parents of these children often experience psychological stress and distress. In recent years, growing attention has been placed on parent-based interventions as an effective approach to improving behavioral and family-related outcomes. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to systematically review and identify psychological interventions targeting parents of children with ADHD. Methods: This systematic review analyzed research on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for parents of children with ADHD. Relevant scientific articles were retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate using keywords, including Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, ADHD, attention deficit, hyperactivity, impulsivity, parents, psychological intervention, group therapy, randomized controlled trial, and controlled clinical trial. Out of 17500 articles analyzed in the last 10 years, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: The results showed that the most frequently implemented interventions were Behavioral Parent Training (BPT), mindfulness, and psychoeducational programs, respectively. These interventions played a role in reducing parental stress, reducing symptoms of ADHD and behavioral problems in children, improving the parent-child relationship and parenting style of parents, and improving quality of life. However, the study also revealed a limited number of studies examining the effects of psychological interventions specifically targeting fathers. Conclusion: Behavioral interventions, mindfulness-based approaches, and psychoeducational programs increase parents' knowledge and understanding of ADHD, enabling them to better control the situation and adopt more effective parenting practices. This improves parent-child relationships and interaction, and reduces ADHD symptoms in children.
Introduction: The box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri is a toxin-producing species whose cytotoxic and neurotoxic effects have been well demonstrated in living organisms. Due to the presence of various bioactive proteins within its toxin, acute exposure can lead to temporary paralysis or even death under severe conditions. This study aimed to solubilize and evaluate the immunogenicity of the engineered SUMO-tagged recombinant c-CfTXB protein as an antigen, by comparing its immune response to the untagged form in animal model. Methods: The StXB gene fragment was excised from the pET-28aSUMO-c-CfTXB-StXB vector using enzymatic digestion. Subsequently, the recombinant proteins SUMO-c-CfTXB and c-CfTXB were expressed in competent prokaryotic hosts following IPTG induction, and purified through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Protein identity was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Following immunization of mouse groups, antibody titers were measured using indirect ELISA, and protective efficacy was evaluated through a toxin challenge. Data analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA combined with survival analysis. Results: Successful protein expression and separation were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, demonstrating that the SUMO tag enhanced the solubility of the target protein. In the toxin challenge test, only the vaccinated groups survived (100%) due to a significant increase in antibody titers (Pvalue c-CfTXB›0.0001 and Pvalue SUMO-c-CfTXB›0.0003). Conclusion: Fusion of the SUMO tag to the engineered c-CfTXB protein improved its folding, expression yield, purification efficiency, and solubility. These findings suggest that the successful immunogenicity of the antigen in the mouse model may pave the way for the design of recombinant vaccines to neutralize box jellyfish venom.
Introduction: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Both individual psychopathology and family history are robust of suicide behavior, and they often interact with one another. Methods: In this case–control study (n = 60 informants), we administered a 12-item Persian screening version of the Family History Screen (FHS). The instrument demonstrated strong content/face validity (I-CVI 0.80–1.00; S-CVI/Ave = 0.95) as well as acceptable test–retest reliability (Cohen’s κ ≳ 0.60). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Group comparisons were conducted using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, odds ratios were estimated from 2×2 contingency tables, and multivariate logistic regression (enter method) was applied to control for demographic variablesa. Results No significant differences were observed between cases and controls regarding their sociodemographic features. Cases reported elevated levels of both familial and personal psychopathology—specifically, maternal major depressive disorder (66.7% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.002), participant impulse-control deficits (43.3% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.001), and paternal substance-use problems (53.3% vs. 13.3%, p < 0.001). In adjusted models, significant associations included maternal MDD (aOR = 7.47, 95% CI = 2.14–26.05, p = 0.002), maternal panic disorder (aOR = 6.17, 95% CI = 1.28–30.45, p = 0.025), participant impulse-control traits (aOR = 37.91, 95% CI = 3.68–390.56, p = 0.002), and participant substance-use problems (aOR = 23.63, 95% CI = 2.34–238.64, p = 0.007); furthermore, paternal externalizing behavior were also associated with case status. Conclusion: Suicide risk is notably associated with family mood disorders as well as externalizing problems in both individuals and parents. Concise family history screening tools can help in the identification of high-risk individuals within clinical and healthcare settings, providing a framework for targeted prevention and intervention programs.
