Life cycle management of mining machinery represents a continuous engineering challenge. The operational quality of machinery, defined as the machine's ability to continuously fulfill its designed functions under actual operating conditions, is a fundamental indicator of its current condition and remaining service potential. Accordingly, the definition of operational quality indicators is a prerequisite for effective equipment life cycle management. The primary indicators of operational quality include availability, reliability, productivity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, while for auxiliary mining machinery, they can be primarily characterized through availability and costs. In this paper, an approach based on the correlation analysis of these two indicators is developed. The analysis was conducted on bulldozers, which represent the most commonly used type of auxiliary mining machinery. Historical data on costs, operating time, and downtime were utilized. Based on the results obtained, trends in availability and costs as functions of time were established. The contribution of this study lies in defining a functional relationship between costs and availability, thereby enhancing the approach to life cycle management of mining equipment.
ISO14001:2026, a standard for Environmental Management Systems (EMS) that replaces ISO14001:2015, was published on April 15, 2026. The new model modernizes the requirements to meet modern environmental challenges and increase the practical applicability of EMS in organizations of all sizes and industries. The main novelty is a broader focus on the environment. Organizations will need to consider impacts on biodiversity, pollution, natural resource availability and climate change in more detail when analyzing the context and planning EMS. A mandatory requirement for planning and control of changes has been introduced, which ensures that modifications to processes, technology or organizational structure do not jeopardize system performance. ISO14001:2026 emphasizes the lifecycle perspective of products and services, which means that impacts are assessed from the procurement of raw materials to delivery to the customer and end-of-use. The control of external processes, products and services has also been expanded, whereby organizations assume responsibility for the entire value chain. The role of top management has been further strengthened, with an emphasis on strategic involvement in EMS and responsibility for achieving goals. The module with guidelines and clarifications has been significantly expanded, for easier implementation. The standard is in accordance with the Harmonized structure of ISO standards (Annex SL), which enables better integration with other management systems. Organizations will have a three-year transition period (until May 1, 2029) from ISO14001:2015 to ISO14001:2026. The standard brings moderate but significant changes, providing a more modern framework for environmental protection, sustainability and continuous improvement in business.
Using a representative pedestrian speed when defining the operation of traffic signals at signalized intersections is crucial for the safety and efficiency of pedestrian flows. This study determined the representative pedestrian speed (15th percentile of pedestrian speed) as well as the factors affecting pedestrian speed. Field measurements showed that the 15th percentile speed of pedestrians ranged between 1.101 and 1.135 m/s. The most significant influencing factor was the crossing time, where pedestrians crossing during the clearance interval were found to move significantly faster than others. The results indicate that the recommended pedestrian speed of 1.2 m/s is substantially higher than the representative pedestrian speed observed in the field.
In order to avoid interruption of service and costly downtime, touch voltage measurements are usually performed in an energized high-voltage substation. Due to conductive interference in the grounding system (usually several amperes, up to about 15 A), caused by power frequency, its harmonics and background noise, the energized high-voltage substation is an extremely challenging environment for the measurements of touch voltage. Under these conditions, ensuring confidence in the quality of the measurement results, by establishing metrological traceability, appears to be a complex research task. This paper presents the results of measuring touch voltage in the same high-voltage substation, but under significantly different environmental conditions and with a time interval of five years. On a practical example, on the basis of a statistically representative sample of eleven characteristic locations, it was clearly shown that the application of the FSM concept enables the establishment of metrological traceability of the touch voltages test results.
In the management process, green time can be viewed from two aspects: real and effective green time. Real green time is defined as the time interval during which a certain signal group is displayed with a green signal term. Effective green time is defined as the period of time during which a continuous process of leaving the intersection approach, i.e. the process of clearing the queue at maximum intensity, can be realized. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between actual and effective green time in different traffic systems, i.e. in two locations: Germany and Serbia. At both locations, start-up lost time and utilization of the yellow signal were analyzed. Investigations were conducted for traffic lanes straight ahead. The research results show that in Germany the effective green time is 0,48 seconds less than the actual time, and the results in Serbia that the effective green time is 0,81 seconds less than the actual time.
The accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories in Serbia is carried out by the Accreditation Body of Serbia in accordance with the SRPS/ISO 17025:2017 standard. The standard prescribes the obligation to address risks and opportunities related to the impartiality of the laboratory as a mandatory requirement. If, during regular or extraordinary assessments of the laboratory’s work, non-conformities with the standard are identified, the laboratory may lose its accreditation. This article, using the example of an accredited laboratory, presents the process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks and opportunities that may affect the impartiality of a calibration laboratory for geodetic instruments in the Republic of Serbia, all in accordance with the applicable standards.
The increasing use of artificial intelligence systems raises important questions regarding criminal liability and the management of legal risks associated with their application. A particular challenge is determining how existing criminal law concepts apply when AI systems are used in ways that may result in harm to legally protected interests, and whether current normative frameworks are adequately equipped to address such situations. The aim of this paper is to analyse the criminal law framework relevant to liability for the use of artificial intelligence in the Republic of Serbia, with particular emphasis on Council of Europe instruments and a supplementary overview of relevant European Union law. The paper examines the ways in which existing criminal law concepts can be applied in situations where artificial intelligence is used as a means of committing criminal offences or as part of a complex chain of decision-making leading to a prohibited consequence. The research is based on normative and comparative methods and includes an analysis of relevant institutional and legal sources, including the CDPC Feasibility Study on Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Law (2020) and the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence (2024). The analysis shows that the comparison must be grounded primarily in criminal-law instruments rather than in regulatory frameworks with different purposes. At the level of the Council of Europe, and with supplementary reference to relevant European Union regulatory law, the examined instruments provide standards concerning human oversight, transparency and accountability that may serve as normative parameters for assessing due diligence, negligence and culpability in concrete cases. In the Republic of Serbia, the absence of such specific standards creates greater legal uncertainty in complex cases involving autonomous systems and multiple actors in the chain of responsibility. All examined frameworks share the foundational principle that artificial intelligence cannot be a subject of criminal liability; responsibility remains with the human actors and, where the statutory conditions are met, legal persons involved in decisions about the development, deployment and supervision of AI systems. The results indicate that the effective management of criminal-law risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence requires well-defined normative standards, organisational control mechanisms and explicit responsibilities of entities involved in the development and use of such systems. The further development of Serbia's normative framework, drawing on Council of Europe instruments relevant to the criminal-law assessment of artificial intelligence, can contribute to more effective risk management and better alignment between technological development and criminal-law protection of social values.
To be able to carry out a high-quality analysis of the operation and design of elevator systems with a driving pulley, it is necessary to determine the size of the losses that occur in the drive mechanism and elevator guide rails. An analysis of the resistance, i.e., the source of power losses in vertical lifting devices, was performed, the most significant of which occur and are especially pronounced in worm gear reducers and on the guiding system of the cabin and counterweight, where the type of guiding elements also has an influence. A particular problem is expressed due to the changing state of the contact surfaces (between the guide rails and the guide shoes) during exploitation and the eccentric loading of the cabin.
Hydrogen, with its high gravimetric energy density (≈120 MJ kg-1) and no carbon dioxide emissions from combustion or electrochemical oxidation, is a key element for decarbonization and the integration of renewable energy sources. However, its low volumetric density at ambient conditions (0.0899 kg m-3) requires efficient, safe, and economically acceptable storage solutions. This review paper synthesizes the latest methods for physical, solid-state, and geological hydrogen storage, drawing on advances in materials science and techno-economic assessment. Special emphasis is placed on the trade-offs among gravimetric/volumetric densities, efficiency, technology maturity, and scalability to guide technology selection for applications in transport, industry, and grid systems.
Modern CAD software tools, in combination with additive manufacturing technologies, represent an efficient approach to the production of prototypes and spare parts in contemporary engineering. Their application is particularly significant in situations involving damage or failure of specific components for which technical documentation or standard replacement parts are not available. This paper presents a case study of manufacturing a replacement part for a broken foot of a 3D scanner through the integration of CAD modeling and SLA printing. The process was based on a damaged physical sample, from which measurements of characteristic dimensions were performed. Based on the obtained data, the geometry of the part was reconstructed using the SolidWorks software package. After preparation, the part was manufactured using SLA 3D printing technology. The results indicate that the applied design and manufacturing approach enables rapid, precise, and technically justified production of replacement parts, with a significant reduction in the downtime of the scanning system.
The paper analysed the certification process of autonomous drones for pre-flight aircraft inspection according to the European regulatory framework. The phases of certification are presented in detail, highlighting the challenges and recommendations for process improvement, with a particular focus on navigation issues in complex airport environments. The main recommendation emphasizes the need for enhanced cooperation between regulatory bodies and the aviation industry. Through a case study, the application of an autonomous drone in pre-flight inspection is demonstrated, covering all stages - from inspection planning and system checks to the automated execution of inspections and data collection - providing a comprehensive overview of the aircraft's condition.
The project consists of a set of interdependent activities, the implementation of which leads to the achievement of a predefined goal. Infrastructure projects on railways are generally of very high value and as such need to be prepared in the best possible way. Projects carry with them certain potential risks, both in the design phase and in the process of their realization. In this paper, risk groups were observed, which each consist of several risk events. They were analysed using the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method, through the following risk factors: the severity of the event, the probability of the occurrence of the event and the ability to detect the event individually. Also, the impact that risky events have on the project was analysed. The results of the paper show which risky events should be paid special attention during the design process in order to successfully implement the railway infrastructure project.
The paper provides an overview of the main results of the Military Geographic Institute and our military geodetic service from their establishment to the present day, with an emphasis on achievements related to geodetic activities. The introduction highlights general information on the social and professional circumstances experienced by the Institute and the service. The entire period of activity is divided into three sections: the period from the establishment in 1876 to the beginning of World War I; the period between the two world wars; and the period from the end of World War II to the present. Throughout this period, the Military Geographic Institute has been the backbone of the military geodetic service: initially as the Geographic Department of the General Staff of the Serbian Army, in 1920 as the Geographic Institute, from 1923 as the Military Geographic Institute, and since 2020 as the Military Geographic Institute - "General Stevan Bošković". Since 2014, VGI has also been an accredited scientific research institution in the Republic of Serbia. Formally, the military geodetic service has existed since 1923, when the geodetic specialty and distinctive insignia for geodetic officers on uniforms were introduced, after which other military geodetic bodies began to be established.
This paper explores the concept of the 15-minute city as a sustainable model of urban development that aims to reduce dependence on automobiles and improve the overall quality of life in cities. Based on the principles of sustainable urban mobility, the paper analyzes the historical context of urban planning and presents the evolution of ideas that led to the emergence of the fifteen-minute city concept. Through a detailed review of the model, key benefits such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the promotion of active mobility, and the enhancement of social inclusion are highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of good practice examples, where the implementation of this concept has transformed urban environments. The paper also addresses the challenges and criticisms associated with this model, as well as the need for adaptation to local specificities in order to achieve the core goals of sustainable urban development: proximity, accessibility, inclusion, and a healthy living environment.
Accreditation represents one of the four fundamental elements of quality infrastructure. The bodies subject to the accreditation process include testing laboratories, calibration laboratories, medical laboratories, inspection bodies, and certification bodies for products, management systems, and persons. The main objective of this paper is to examine the correlation between socio-economic parameters and the number of accredited conformity assessment bodies in more than 30 European countries. To investigate the correlation, multivariate statistical methods were applied: Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results indicated that the strongest correlation exists between gross domestic product and population size on the one hand, and the number of accredited testing and calibration laboratories as well as product certification bodies on the other. Principal component analysis yielded two main components, while cluster analysis grouped conformity assessment bodies into three clusters and European countries into five clusters. This study demonstrated that there are significant similarities in the accreditation system across Europe.
Sustainable transport encompasses environmentally friendly transportation modes that minimize negative environmental impacts, optimize energy consumption, and enhance quality of life. The concept of sustainable transport is a key objective in contemporary transport policy strategies, with an analysis of relevant strategic documents identifying opportunities for its implementation in the Republic of Serbia. A fundamental step in developing strategic transport documents is the assessment of the current state. As part of this research, a survey was conducted among 208 respondents to examine public perceptions and attitudes towards walking, cycling, public transport, electric mobility, and environmental aspects of transportation. The research findings provide insights into user habits, identified barriers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various transport modes in the context of daily commuting. The results of this study contribute significantly to the formulation of local policies aimed at developing a sustainable transport system and improving urban mobility.
The development of catalysts for the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen evolution is essential for the improvement of the water electrolysis process and the clean energy transition. Although catalysts from the platinum group are the most effective, their shortage and high-cost limit widespread commercial application. In this study, we developed catalysts in which ruthenium was replaced by more affordable ruthenium dioxide, and its amount was reduced by using abundant zinc oxide. The ZnO/RuO2 composite was prepared by microwave processing of precipitate and further thermally modified at 300 and 600 C, in order to examine the influence of oxygen vacancies on (photo)electrocatalytic activity in the water electrolysis reaction. Thermal stability of catalysts was determined by thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) technique, while the phase composition and crystal defects were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. Electroand photoelectrocatalytic activity of the composite toward hydrogen evolution reaction was tested by linear voltammetry in acidic and alkaline electrolyte.
The authors investigated the system for oil production using piston pumps, which represents a significant part of the global industry, relying on a mechanical exploitation method that requires optimization to reduce energy consumption and increase efficiency. The paper analyzes the application of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, which enable monitoring and visualization of key operational parameters, thereby creating predictive maintenance that can significantly improve oil production performance. Considering various variables, such as specific well conditions and reservoir properties, the implementation of modern technologies, including IoT, allows for real-time data integration, contributing to process optimization. Key elements of the SCADA system include sensors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and supervisory computers that facilitate data collection, processing, and analysis. Through the use of the AVEVA platform, the visualization of collected data enables specialists to respond to emergencies, reducing downtime and increasing productivity. This intelligent management system allows for analysis and predictive action, which is crucial for improving efficiency and reducing maintenance costs.
The paper describes the importance of open data used in geotopographic security activities, which are published through the internal geoportal of the Military Geographical Institute „General Stevan Bošković“ (Geoportal VGI). At the very beginning of the paper, the theoretical concepts of open data and geospatial data are discussed. The importance and content of geotopographic security in the Serbian Armed Forces are highlighted, in the function of successful execution of operations. The main part of the paper includes an analysis of the Geoportal VGI, as an element of geotopographic security, with a special focus on the contribution of open data in improving its functionalities. The paper discusses a part of the open data that is important for geotopographic security activities, through an analysis of the sources of download, format, as well as the subsequent processing and interpretation process on the Geoportal VGI.
This paper presents a reminder and overview of the duration of the Community for the uniquely management of production and technological resources, which is better known as the JUPITER system. In order to scientifically and expertly verify the results of research projects and determine the future development directions of the JUPITER system, the JUPITER conference was launched as a scientific and professional gathering of members of the Community and other members of the the metalworking industry, scientific research institutions and faculties.
