Probiotic supplementation has gained increasing attention as a strategy to improve gut health by modulating the intestinal microbiota, strengthening the gut barrier, and regulating immune responses. However, probiotic efficacy is strain-specific, and evidence comparing the benefits of different probiotic species remains limited. This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of specific probiotic strains in improving gut health and managing gastrointestinal disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords probiotics, gut health, microbiome, intestinal barrier, and gastrointestinal disorders. Following predefined eligibility criteria, clinical and experimental studies investigating strain-specific probiotic effects were screened. After full-text review, we included 12 relevant articles for qualitative synthesis. Data were evaluated according to probiotic strain, intervention characteristics, gut health outcomes, and proposed mechanisms. The findings indicate that probiotic efficacy depends on the strain. Lactobacillus species consistently improved intestinal barrier function and reduced diarrhea, whereas Bifidobacterium species enhanced microbial diversity and immune regulation. Saccharomyces boulardii demonstrated the strongest evidence for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and recurrent gastrointestinal infections. Multi-strain formulations generally produced broader benefits than single-strain probiotics through complementary mechanisms. Both dairy- and plant-based probiotic formulations were effective delivery systems, although plant-based products are better suited to lactose-intolerant and vegan populations. In conclusion, probiotics provide measurable benefits for gastrointestinal health, but clinical outcomes depend largely on selecting appropriate strains. Current evidence supports Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces boulardii as the probiotic strains with the most consistent benefits for gut health. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to establish strain-specific clinical recommendations.
Diarrhea remains one of the major public health problems among children under five years of age. In the service area of UPTD Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bumidaya, 304 under-five children were identified with diarrhea in 2025, resulting in a prevalence of 13.86%. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with diarrhea among children under five in the service area of Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bumidaya. This study employed a sample of 184 children under five selected using proportional random sampling. The variables examined included the child's age, nutritional status, immunization status, water quality, latrine ownership, and waste management. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the child's age (p = 0.005), nutritional status (p = 0.001), immunization status (p = 0.002), water quality (p = 0.001), latrine ownership (p = 0.008), and waste management (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with the occurrence of diarrhea among children under five. Waste management was the strongest predictor. Both host-related and environmental factors are associated with diarrhea among children under five, with waste management being the most influential factor. Therefore, improving waste management and strengthening promotive and preventive efforts through community education on proper household waste management that meets health standards are necessary, emphasizing the importance of separating organic and inorganic waste, using covered waste bins, and disposing of waste in designated disposal sites to reduce the incidence of diarrhea.
infection, which may lead to multiple-organ damage. Neutrophils and procalcitonin (PCT) are inflammatory biomarkers known to increase during sepsis and are suspected to be associated with the severity of organ injury. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between neutrophil and procalcitonin levels and multiple-organ tissue damage scores in a male rat sepsis model induced by intraperitoneal administration of Escherichia coli. This was a true experimental laboratory study using a post-test-only control group design involving nine male Rattus norvegicus rats divided into a control group, an E. coli-induced group receiving 1 × 10⁶ CFU/kg body weight, and an E. coli-induced group receiving 1.5 × 10⁶ CFU/kg body weight. Neutrophil levels were measured using a hematology analyzer, while PCT levels were determined using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Multiple-organ damage was assessed through histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. The results showed that neutrophil levels were significantly and positively correlated with damage scores of the liver (rs = 0.88; p = 0.002), spleen (rs = 0.90; p < 0.001), heart (rs = 0.92; p < 0.001), and lungs (rs = 0.91; p < 0.001). Procalcitonin levels were also significantly and positively correlated with damage scores of the liver (rs = 0.90; p < 0.001), spleen (rs = 0.87; p = 0.002), heart (rs = 0.85; p = 0.004), and lungs (rs = 0.88; p = 0.002). In conclusion, higher neutrophil and procalcitonin levels were associated with greater multiple-organ tissue damage in a male rat sepsis model induced by Escherichia coli.
Digital transformation can strengthen tuberculosis control through adherence monitoring, patient–health worker communication, recordkeeping, and service follow-up. However, its implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continues to face policy challenges and structural barriers. This systematic review aimed to identify policy challenges, structural barriers, and strategies supporting digital transformation in tuberculosis control in LMICs. The review followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD420261377489). We searched PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Springer Nature Link for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. The database searches initially displayed 859 records, of which 809 were successfully exported and imported into Mendeley. After removing 19 initial duplicates, we screened 790 records using the SPIDER framework. We assessed methodological quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analyzed. Policy challenges involved regulation and data governance, policy communication, coordination across sectors and levels of care, and digital program integration. Structural barriers included limitations in the health workforce, technological infrastructure, financing, digital access and equity, health information systems, and service delivery. Recommended strategies comprised stronger regulation, system integration, sustainable financing, workforce development, patient-centered approaches, and monitoring and evaluation. Digital transformation in tuberculosis control requires an integrated, secure, sustainable, equitable, and context-responsive health system. Stakeholders should prioritize data protection, interoperability, sustainable financing, continuous training, and non-digital service options to prevent technology from widening inequalities in access.
Pendahuluan: Perusahaan manufaktur besi dan baja memiliki potensi bahaya kebakaran yang tinggi karena proses produksinya menggunakan suhu di atas 400°C. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan pekerja dalam menurunkan risiko kebakaran dan merespons keadaan darurat kebakaran sangat diperlukan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi-eksperimen menggunakan desain pre-test dan post-test. Penelitian melibatkan 50 pekerja yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama mendapatkan pelatihan simulasi kebakaran secara online, sedangkan kelompok kedua mendapatkan pelatihan simulasi kebakaran secara offline. Kedua kelompok mengisi kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji statistik non-parametrik, yaitu uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks dan uji Mann–Whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah simulasi pada kedua kelompok (p < 0,05). Namun, peningkatan pengetahuan pada kelompok simulasi offline lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok simulasi online. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa simulasi kebakaran secara offline lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan pekerja dibandingkan simulasi online. Kesimpulan: Perusahaan disarankan untuk memprioritaskan simulasi kebakaran secara offline guna memperoleh hasil pembelajaran yang optimal. Introduction: Iron and steel manufacturing companies have a high potential for fire hazards because their production processes use temperatures above 400°C. Therefore, the ability of workers to reduce fire risks and respond to fire emergencies is essential. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental method using a pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted in June 2021, involving 50 workers divided into two groups. The first group received online fire simulation training, while the second group received offline fire simulation training. Both groups completed pre-test and post-test questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using non-parametric statistical tests, namely Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann–Whitney test. Results: The results showed a difference in knowledge levels before and after the simulation in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the increase in knowledge in the offline simulation group was higher than in the online simulation group. These findings indicate that offline fire simulations are more effective in increasing workers' knowledge than online simulations. Conclusion: Companies are advised to prioritize offline fire simulations in order to obtain optimal learning outcomes.
Stunting is a serious global health issue, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing stunting incidence among toddlers in Kendari City, Indonesia, using a spatial regression approach. This study employed a descriptive ecological design using secondary data from the Kendari City Health Office in 2024 across 11 sub-districts. Spatial analysis was conducted using a Queen contiguity weighting matrix. The results showed that Moran's I value was not statistically significant (p>0.05), indicating weak global spatial autocorrelation. However, Lagrange Multiplier tests revealed that the LM-Lag and Robust LM-Lag were significant (p<0.05), suggesting the presence of spatial dependence. Therefore, the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model was selected. The SAR model demonstrated better performance compared to the OLS model (AIC=83.20; R²=97.91%). Significant factors influencing stunting incidence included the number of toddlers, low birth weight (LBW), unmonitored child growth, lack of complementary feeding (MP-ASI), incomplete basic immunization, and lack of additional nutritional intake. These findings highlight the importance of spatial-based interventions in addressing stunting at the sub-district level.
Introduction: Effective clinical communication is a critical determinant of patient safety and satisfaction in healthcare services. Bedside handover, a structured communication process conducted at the patient’s bedside, is widely recommended to support patient-centered care. However, its implementation remains inconsistent, particularly in private hospital settings. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between bedside handover implementation and patient satisfaction in Eka Hospital PIK. Method: This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 60 inpatients were selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a bedside handover observation checklist based on SBAR standards and a modified version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of bedside handover practices were categorized as good (56.7%), while patient satisfaction levels were predominantly high (61.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between bedside handover implementation and patient satisfaction (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Bedside handover has a significant influence on patient satisfaction. Strengthening communication quality and enhancing patient involvement are essential strategies to improve healthcare service outcomes.
Executive Summary Hemoglobin (Hb) testing is an essential part of antenatal care (ANC) services to detect anemia in pregnant women. AMIRA Primary Clinic provides Hb testing as a routine service without additional fees under the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme. The results show that Hb testing provides significant clinical and economic benefits, but faces obstacles in adherence to Fe tablet consumption, limited counseling time, and administrative burdens.
Masyarakat Kota Ternate lebih banyak mengonsumsi sagu lempeng yang terbuat dari ubi kayu. Ubi kayu merupakan salah bahan pangan pengganti beras yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat dunia. Ikan merupakan salah satu sumber pangan protein yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Kota Ternate. Ikan yang sering di konsumsi adalah ikan pelagis kecil dan besar. Ikan cakalang merupakan salah satu jenis ikan pelagis besar yang mendominasi hasil tangkapan nelayan di Kota Ternate. Ikan cakalang memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 19,6gram per 100gram bahan. Makanan darurat bencana harus memiliki memenuhi beberapa persyaratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penyimpanan terhadap nilai gizi SIKA. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian intervensional/ eksperimental. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sagu singkong ikan tuna sirip kuning yang dibuat dari bahan dasar singkong dan ikan tuna sirip kuning yang diperoleh dari Pasar Bastiong di Ternate. Hasil penelitian dilakukan pengujian secara simplo dan duplo yang menunjukkan hasil uji kandungan karbohidrat pada sagu ikan formula A1; 60,83 dan 61,26, A2;56,77 dan 57,30, A3;51,48 dan 50,33. Hasil ujia Protein A1; 14,87 dan 14,25. A2; 16,45 dan 16,11. A3; 15,52 dan 16,11 serta hasil uji lemak pada produk SIKA adalah A1; 8,52 dan 8,55, A2; 16,16 dan 16,21, A3; 18,99 dan 19,32. Disimpulkan bahwa hasil pengujian analisis kandungan gizi dengan formula A1 energi dari karbohidrat lebih tinggi dibandingan dengan formula A 2 dan A 3 dikarenakan perbedaan komposisi dari ketiga formula. Untuk nilai gizi protein menunjukkan hasil uji produk SIKA pada formula A2 dan formula A3 pengujian kedua memiliki kandunga nilai gizi protein lebih besar dibandingkan dengan formula A1 dan formula A2 pengujian pertama, sedangkan nilai gizi lemak pada formula A3 SIKA memiliki kandungan nilai gizi lebih besar diabndingkan dengan formula A1 dan A2.
The massive use of synthetic insecticides in vector and pest control has caused various problems, including insect resistance, environmental pollution, and the risk of toxicity to non-target organisms. Therefore, the development of natural insecticides based on tropical plants is becoming a more environmentally friendly and sustainable strategic alternative. One plant with potential as a bioinsecticide is Annona muricata (soursop). The method used is a systematic review study on scientific publications for the period 2020–2025 that report data on toxicity (LC₅₀), mortality, and safety against non-target organisms from various plant parts (seeds, leaves, and bark) against disease-vector insects, agricultural pests, and domestic insects. Data were analyzed descriptively to assess the effectiveness of insecticides based on plant parts, extract types, and target species. The review results show that Annona muricata has acetogenin with strong and broad-spectrum insecticidal activity. Insecticide activity has been reported against Spodoptera frugiperda, Plutella xylostella, Bactrocera sp., Periplaneta americana, Culex sp., Aedes albopictus, and Rhipicephalus spp., with mortality rates increasing as extract concentrations increase. Some studies have shown safe limits on non-target organisms at certain concentrations, indicating potential ecological selectivity. Formulation development, extract standardization, and advanced toxicity tests are still needed to optimize the application of Annona muricata-based bioinsecticides on a field scale.
Background: Infertility remains a major reproductive health problem globally, affecting 12–15% of Indonesian couples of reproductive ages. Both biological and lifestyle-related factors contribute to infertility, yet evidence on their relative influence in the Indonesian context is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to identify internal factors (tubal, uterine, ovulation, and sperm issues) and external factors (age, employment status, BMI, and smoking habits) influencing infertility. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a government fertility clinic. A total of 343 infertile couples were included using a total sampling approach. Secondary data were extracted from medical records using a structured checklist encompassing socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical reproductive variables. The dependent variable was infertility type. Independent variables included age, occupation, BMI, smoking, and reproductive organ factors. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, and variables with p < 0.25 were entered into multiple logistic regression to determine the most influential predictors of infertility. Results: Wife’s age (p = 0.001), husband’s age (p = 0.014), ovulation disorders (p < 0.001), and sperm abnormalities (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with infertility. Multivariate analysis identified ovulation disorders (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.35–4.03) and sperm abnormalities (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.45–4.37) as the dominant predictors. Conclusion: Infertility among Indonesian couples is primarily influenced by ovulation and sperm abnormalities, underscoring the need for early reproductive health screening and lifestyle-based prevention strategies.
Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is known to contribute to a variety of serious complications leading to maternal death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every day about 80% of maternal deaths are caused by complications that arise during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. It was also found that out of 10 pregnant women in Jaddih Village with a gestational age of ≥20 weeks there were 2 people who experienced pre-eclampsia in the previous pregnancy. A total of 30% had carried out laboratory tests such as blood and urine tests before pregnancy, 100% received TT catin, and 50% had received information about healthy nutrition, signs of a healthy pregnancy during a consultation with a midwife before planning a pregnancy. Given that the exact cause of preeclampsia is not yet fully known, prevention measures focus on avoiding risk factors and controlling determinants that can trigger this condition. Prevention and control of risk factors can be initiated by screening for high risk of pregnancy hypertension and preconception care with the target starting before marriage.. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of high risk of pregnancy hypertension and preconception care on the incidence of pregnancy hypertension. Methods: This type of research is observational with a cross sectional study design. The research was conducted in Jaddih Village, Bangkalan Regency April-May 2025. The sample in the study was 40 pregnant women. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The instruments used were questionnaires and blood pressure gauges. Data analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Less than half of pregnant women are in the adequate preconception care category and more than half of pregnant women are not at high risk of gestational hypertension. Conclusion: High risk of pregnancy hypertension and preconception care influence the incidence of pregnancy hypertension
Pendahuluan: Gangguan pendengaran terjadi pada kelompok bayi baru lahir hingga usia balita. Jika fungsi pendengaran terganggu, gangguan tersebut berdampak negatif pada perkembangan sosial dan intelektual anak serta kesehatan emosional dan mental. Pada tahun 2020, WHO memperkirakan bahwa 34 juta anak di seluruh dunia mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Deteksi dini gangguan pendengaran belum dilakukan dengan baik di negara berkembang, banyak masalah pendengaran yang tidak terdeteksi, tidak adanya program skrining pendengaran neonatal nasional di Indonesia merupakan salah satu penyebabnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan pendengaran pada anak usia <36 bulan menggunakan Emisi Otoakustik di Puskesmas Pampang, Kota Makassar berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia saat pemeriksaan, berat lahir, dan faktor risiko. Metode: Penelitian observasional potong lintang, data yang diambil berupa gambaran umum hasil OAE dan data hasil anamnesis yang diambil dari kuesioner tes modifikasi pendengaran pada pasien selama penelitian. Hasil: Diperoleh sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Terdapat 16 (53,3%) pendengaran normal, 10 (33,3%) tuli unilateral, dan 4 (13,3%) tuli bilateral. Gangguan pendengaran lebih sering terjadi pada anak laki-laki 7 (23,3%) dari 13 (43,3%), usia 6-12 bulan 5 (16,7%) orang, berat badan lahir rendah 1 (3,3%) orang, dan faktor risiko gangguan pendengaran yaitu prematur 2 (6,7%) orang, berat badan lahir rendah 1 (3,3%) orang, lahir melalui operasi caesar dan ISPA 9 (30%). Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko termasuk jenis kelamin, usia, berat badan lahir, prematur, operasi caesar, dan infeksi saluran pernapasan atas mempengaruhi gambaran gangguan pendengaran anak menggunakan Emisi Otoakustik. Introduction: Hearing loss occurs in the newborn group up to the age of toddlers. If impaired hearing function, hearing function negatively impacts a child's social and intellectual development as well as emotional and mental health. In 2020, the WHO estimated that 34 million children worldwide had experienced hearing loss. Early detection of hearing loss has not been carried out well in developing countries, many hearing problems are not detected, there is no national neonatal hearing screening program in Indonesia is one of the causes. Thi study aim to determine the picture of hearing loss in children <36 months of age using Otoacoustic Emission at the Pampang Health Center, Makassar City based on gender, age at the time of examination, birth weight, and risk factors. Method: Cross-sectional Observational Study research, the data taken was in the form of an overview of OAE results and anamnesis results data which were taken from the hearing modification test questionnaire in patients during the study. Results: A sample of 30 people was obtained. There were 16 (53.3%) normal hearing, 10 (33.3%) unilateral deafness, and 4 (13.3%) bilateral deafness. Hearing loss was more common in boys 7 (23.3%) out of 13 (43.3%), aged 6-12 months 5 (16.7%) people, low birth weight 1 (3.3%) people, and hearing risk factors namely preterm 2 (6.7%) people, LBW 1 (3.3%) people, born with cesario caesaria and ISPA 9 (30%). Conclusion: Risk factors including sex, age, birth weight, preterm, cesarean section, and upper respiratory tract infections influence the picture of children's hearing loss using Otoacoustic Emission.
Latar Belakang: Timbang terima pasien merupakan momen kritis untuk keselamatan pasien. Namun, fenomena menunjukkan rendahnya disiplin perawat, seperti terlambat shift, terburu-buru mengabaikan metode SBAR, dan tiadanya format seragam, yang berpotensi memicu kesalahan medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi perilaku disiplin perawat dengan pelaksanaan timbang terima di RS Woodward Palu. Metode: Studi kuantitatif pendekatan cross-sectional ini melibatkan 88 perawat rawat inap melalui total sampling. Data Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner perilaku disiplin dan lembar observasi pelaksanaan timbang terima SBAR, lalu dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman Rank. Hasil: Sebanyak 66,0% perawat memiliki disiplin baik dan 34,0% kurang disiplin. Sementara itu, 60,0% perawat melakukan timbang terima dengan baik dan 40,0% tidak melakukan dengan baik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara sikap disiplin dan pelaksanaan timbang terima (p = 0,171). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sikap disiplin perawat dengan pelaksanaan timbang terima di RS Woodward Palu. Faktor sistemik di luar kedisiplinan individu diduga lebih dominan memengaruhi proses ini. Manajemen rumah sakit direkomendasikan untuk segera menetapkan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) timbang terima yang baku serta meningkatkan supervisi di ruangan.
Pendahuluan: Gangguan Muskuloskeletal (MSD) adalah gejala umum yang dialami oleh pekerja industri tekstil akibat aktivitas kerja berulang, postur statis, dan beban kerja fisik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara usia, masa kerja, dan kelelahan kerja dengan gejala MSD di antara pekerja area tenun di industri tekstil. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 100 responden yang dipilih melalui simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map untuk menilai gejala MSD dan Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) untuk kelelahan kerja. Data dianalisis menggunakan Fisher Exact Test pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara usia dan gejala MSD (p = 0,067), sedangkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara masa kerja (p = 0,040) dan kelelahan kerja (p = 0,009) dengan gejala MSD. Area tubuh yang paling banyak mengalami gejala adalah pinggang, bahu kanan, dan punggung. Kesimpulan: Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa periode kerja dan kelelahan kerja memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap gejala MSD, sedangkan usia tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar intervensi ergonomis, rotasi pekerjaan, pelatihan postur, dan istirahat aktif diterapkan untuk mencegah dan mengurangi MSD di kalangan pekerja industri tekstil. Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are common complaints experienced by textile industry workers due to repetitive work activities, static postures, and high physical workload. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age, working period, and work fatigue with MSDs complaints among weaving area workers in the textile industry. Methods: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design with 100 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire to assess MSDs complaints and the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) for work fatigue. Data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact Test at a 5% significance level. Results: The findings showed no significant relationship between age and MSDs complaints (p = 0.067), while there was a significant relationship between working period (p = 0.040) and work fatigue (p = 0.009) with MSDs complaints. The areas of the body that experience the most complaints are the waist, right shoulder and back. Conclusion: The study concludes that working period and work fatigue have a significant influence on MSDs complaints, while age does not show a significant association. Therefore, it is recommended that ergonomic interventions, job rotation, posture training, and active rest be implemented to prevent and reduce MSDs among textile industry workers.
Introduction: Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining health and preventing non-communicable diseases. However, levels of physical activity are influenced by various demographic and lifestyle factors, particularly in primary healthcare settings. Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with physical activity among study participants at Buho-Buho Primary Health Center, Pulau Morotai Regency Method: This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 69 participants were included using a total sampling technique. Physical activity was categorized as active and physically inactive. Independent variables included demographic characteristics (gender, age group, marital status, educational level, and employment status) and lifestyle factors (smoking habits). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive analysis was presented as frequencies and percentages, while bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that gender (p = 0.013), age group (p < 0.001), employment status (p = 0.020), and smoking habits (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with physical activity. Marital status and educational level were not significantly associated with physical activity. Conclusion: Physical activity was significantly associated with gender, age group, employment status, and smoking habits among study participants. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and lifestyle factors in promoting physical activity at the primary healthcare level.
Background: Hyperglycemia is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and may induce oxidative stress through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceed the capacity of antioxidant defense systems. Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract (Stevia rebaudiana) contains antihyperglycemic and antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols and steviol glycosides. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Stevia leaf extract on blood glucose levels and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in hyperglycemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This experimental study involved 35 rats divided into a negative control group (K−), a positive control group (K+), and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) receiving Stevia rebaudiana extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. Hyperglycemia was induced using alloxan. Blood glucose levels were measured using a digital analyzer, while SOD activity was assessed colorimetrically. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The mean blood glucose levels in groups K−, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were 93.2 mg/dL, 371.08 mg/dL, 134.3 mg/dL, 130.42 mg/dL, and 113.22 mg/dL, respectively. The mean SOD enzyme activity in groups K−, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were 14.92 U/mL, 13.53 U/mL, 14.57 U/mL, 14.74 U/mL, and 14.93 U/mL, respectively. The P3 group, which received a dose of 400 mg/kgBW, demonstrated the greatest effect on reducing blood glucose levels and increasing SOD activity. Conclusion: Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats and showed a tendency to increase superoxide dismutase activity, although the differences in SOD activity were not statistically significant
Latar Belakang: Mie kering berbasis ikan kembung dengan substitusi daun kelor merupakan inovasi pangan fungsional yang bertujuan meningkatkan nilai gizi produk melalui penyediaan protein hewani dan zat gizi mikro untuk mendukung pencegahan stunting. Mie kering komersial umumnya didominasi karbohidrat, sehingga diperlukan optimalisasi bahan lokal untuk meningkatkan mutunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap karakteristik organoleptik produk mie kering ikan kembung dengan substitusi daun kelor. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental kuantitatif deskriptif menggunakan uji hedonik. Penilaian dilakukan oleh 30 orang panelis tidak terlatih terhadap parameter warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Data dianalisis secara statistik untuk menentukan nilai mutu rerata pada interval kepercayaan 95% sesuai SNI 01-2346-2006. Hasil: Hasil perhitungan nilai mutu menunjukkan bahwa parameter tekstur (x̄ = 4,63) dan warna (x̄ = 4,50) mendapatkan penilaian dengan kategori agak suka. Sementara itu, parameter aroma (x̄ = 4,37) dan rasa (x̄ = 4,00) berada pada kategori netral. Kesimpulan: Karakteristik sensoris yang paling dapat diterima oleh panelis adalah aspek tekstur dan warna, sedangkan komponen rasa dan aroma memerlukan optimasi formula lebih lanjut untuk menyamarkan rasa getir dan aroma langu daun kelor agar dapat meningkatkan daya terima konsumen secara luas
Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with prevalence still exceeding national targets. Inadequate intake of high-quality animal protein during the first 1,000 days of life is a key contributing factor. Chicken liver and anchovies are affordable local sources of animal protein; however, their fresh forms are highly perishable. Powdered chicken liver and anchovies offer several advantages, including extended shelf life, greater storage practicality, and easier distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of chicken liver and anchovy composite powder stored for 4–6 weeks. An experimental study using a completely randomized design was conducted with three composite powder formulations: F1 (75% chicken liver:25% anchovy), F2 (50:50), and F3 (25:75). Physical properties (Hunter L*, a*, b*), proximate composition, and sensory characteristics were analyzed before and after storage. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, LMM, and non-parametric tests (α=0.05). Results showed that formulation significantly affected color, texture, and proximate composition. Higher anchovy proportions increased brightness and smoothness. Storage influenced color intensity and aroma in certain formulations but did not affect texture stability. All formulations exhibited low moisture content (<10%) and high protein content (>60%). Protein levels remained stable after storage, while moisture, lipid, and carbohydrate contents were affected. Formula F3 consistently demonstrated superior nutritional and physical stability. With its extended shelf life and favorable nutritional value, the composite powder made from chicken liver and anchovies is expected to serve as a major protein source for stunting intervention, particularly in remote and underserved areas.
Introduction: Pressure ulcers are localized injuries to the skin and/or underlying tissue, primarily caused by prolonged pressure, especially among patients with limited mobility. These ulcers can lead to pain, infection, extended hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Pressure ulcer prevention is a critical component of nursing care. One effective non-pharmacological intervention is the use of a clock position, a visual aid designed to remind nurses or caregivers to reposition patients regularly, ideally every two hours. This study aimed to determine the effect on the usage of clock position towards the risk of developing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients at the High Care Unit (HCU) of RSUD Bali Mandara. Method: The study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. A total of 32 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The Braden Scale was utilized to assess the risk of pressure ulcers. The intervention was conducted in three days using the clock position method, which involved rotating patients’ positions every two hours (supine, right lateral, left lateral) with a 30° head elevation. Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: The result showed that most respondents were initially at high to severe risk of pressure ulcers, but after the intervention, the majority shifted to moderate and low-risk categories. Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of the clock position intervention in reducing the risk of pressure ulcer. Conclusion: In conclusion, a systematic intervention of clock position is effective in lowering the risk of pressure ulcers in bedridden patients. This intervention can be integrated as part of standard nursing care in intensive care settings.
