对我国秦川牛6个个体mtDNA cyt b基因1140 bp序列进行了分析.结果表明:6头秦川牛的cyt b基因序列中,共检测到核苷酸多态位点19个.cyt b基因全序列突变类型只有转换.6个个体具有4种单倍型.以欧洲牛mtDNA cyt b基因全序列为标准,其中单倍型Ⅰ、单倍型Ⅱ、单倍型Ⅲ的核苷酸变异率较低,都为0.071%,而单倍型Ⅳ的核苷酸变异率较高,为1.21%.应用MEGA软件中UPGMA法构建6头秦川牛的分子进化树,结果表明秦川牛有2个母系起源即普通牛起源(单倍型Ⅰ、单倍型Ⅱ和单倍型Ⅲ)和瘤牛起源(单倍型Ⅳ),但是本研究发现作为中原牛之一的秦川牛受普通牛的影响比较大.
Protein has the important function in animal nutrition. Many research found that not only free amino acids but also peptides played a great role in protein nutrition. The paper summarized the character of peptide absorption, the influencing factors of absorption, the mechanism of absorption and metabolism, the effects of peptide on microbes in ru- men and production performance, and the application and research of bioactive peptide in feedstuff protein were also dis- cussed.
新野县地处河南省西南部,属平原农业县,秸秆资源丰富,发展畜牧业有得天独厚优势条件.2003年,全县建成300头以上养牛小区12个,50头以上专业场30个,30头以上专业大户210个,户均存栏牛3头以上养牛示范村15个.全县牛存栏24万头,同比增长5%,出栏牛12万头,同比增长7%,牛业产值实现3.2亿,占畜牧业总产值比重达35%.
By using the method of peripheral lymphocyte blood culture and several banding techniques, the Karyotype,C-banding of Red Steppe Cattle were investigated with the emphasis on the morphology of Y-chromosomes. The results showed that karyotype of Red Steppe was 2n=60 ((?)XY,(?)XX); euchromosome was telocentric chromosome; X- chromosome was submetacentric; Y- chromosome was metacentric. The C-band of Red Steppe was the same as that of the Bos taurus: centromere region of all autosomes was deep stain; autosomal arm and whole X- chromosome were superficial stain; Y- chromosome is semi-deep stain.
In this paper, the development history and existing condition on stockbreeding machine in China were reviewed. It was inferred that great achievements had been taken on stockbreeding machines in China, which had experienced from single sort to production of complete sets of equipment including machine used for grassland improvement, forage cultivation and animal culture and testing instruments etc. The questions were also indicated, which included low technical level and weak dependability in machine of grassland development and grass harvester, oldly incomplete and single sorts in feed processing machine, and low degree of automation in stock farming and animal product collecting and processing machine etc. At the same time, it was suggested the principal direction of development of stockbreeding machine in China was to diversification of varieties, specialization of function, have a large scale, precisely quantification, control by automation, management by digitization and informatization and sustainable development with environment referring to foreign sci-tech development concerning animal husbandry.
Three hundred and forty—five cows with the calving number of 1 to 4 times from Anhui Huainan Dairy Company were selected to conduct the correlation analysis of 305 d milk yield and udder traits. The result indicated that there was no significant (P0.05) correlation between milk yield and most udder traits except for a significant (P0.05) positive correlation between 305 d milk yield and height of rear udder for cows great and equal to 4 parities; the correlation coefficients between 305 d milk yield and udder depth for primiparous and 3rd parity were 0.1669 and—0.1299, respectively, attention should be paid to the correlation coefficient of 0.1739 between 305 d milk yield and teat length for 3rd parity.
This paper reviewed the research progress of the structure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). The genes expression and regulation of GnRH and GnRHR in animals,including their molecular structure and function, were discussed. Their possible application potential was also briefly reviewed.
The family members, molecule structure, function, location, regulative patterns and variance of MyoD and its relationship with animal productive performance were introduced. The prospect of MyoD research was shown.
The amount of beef production in China had increased about 21 times in the last 20 years. The development mainly depended on the rich genetic resources of Chinese yellow cattle and the crossbreeding system had been applied in China for more than 30 years. To further increase the productive efficiency in beef in the new century and form the modern beef industry that suits to the actual situation in China, we have to propose creative new ideas in the constructing breeding system and establishing consummate production system for beef. The synthetic breeding system is the new system formed in the recent 30 years. It goes through the steps of exploration, experiment and well accepting in North America, Australia etc. This period of the history showed rich experiences and firm theoretical base in making full use of the advantages of the synthetic breeding system: heterosis and breed complimentary. How to fully understand and make use of the rich genetic resource of Chinese yellow cattle and the large amount of crossbred cattle resulting from the national strategies, how to accept the concept of crossbreeding system to form the internal power for beef production in China will be the first step to lead our beef industry to high efficiency, high profit, high productive and healthy!
拉稀是一种症状,系排便次数增多,粪便稀薄,甚至泻出水样大便的一类病症.本病病原比较复杂,涉及肠道中许多细菌、病毒等.根据发病原因,受病脏腑和症候表现的不同,临床上常分为寒泻、热泻、暑泻、虚泻及伤食泻.
外感病,是由于疫毒侵入畜体,是正气与邪气在体内进行剧烈斗争,引起机体以阴阳、气血、脏腑机能失调为主的一种急性、热性疾病.根据多年临床观察黄牛、小家畜发病较多,一般病情表现为轻重两种,轻者可引起家畜精神不振,食欲减退,四肢无力,重者使患畜高热不退,精神沉郁,食欲废绝,更严重的是邪入脏腑、营、血、变证峰起,或使机体抵抗力减低,感染并发症而引起死亡.
As the only black cattle breed in China, the conservation and breeding of Bohai Black cattle was of the great significance. Based on the developing history and current situation of Bohai Black cattle, the necessity and importance of genetic resource conservation of the breed were comprehensively analyzed to propose the technical protocol, breeding direction and method, and the concrete measures in the future breed conservation.
Domestic animal genetic resources as the basic component of biodiversity are the important gene bank.It is of economic,scientific and in cultural interests to humankind in terms of food and agricultural production for the present and in the future. The thesis was discussed that research advancement on current situation, systemetic classification,evaluation means,preservation and utilization of domestic animal genetic resources in China.
Subclinic mastitis is one of most serious diseases to threaten dairy cow, which of incidence occupies 90%.this article will conclude the causes of occurring the disease and present the diagnosis methods and proventive means.
Six yearling two-way crossbred steers of Qinchuan cattle and Mongolian cattle (Q×M) and 6 yearling three-way crossbred steers of Danish Red, Qinchuan cattle, and Mongolian cattle (D×Q×M), Limousine, Qinchuan cattle, and Mongolian cattle (L×Q×M), Angus, Qinchuan cattle, and Mongolian cattle (A×Q×M) were assigned as the control and experiment group to conduct the 100 d finishing experiment. In comparison with control group, the average daily gain of 1341. 1 g was increased by 35. 9%; the ratio of feeds and gain of 3. 09 was decreased by 26. 5%, and the profit of 4. 78 Yuan/per kg body gain was improved by 60. 9%, there was a significant difference between experiment and control group in all traits of the experiment (P0. 05). The growth rate, feed efficiency and profit of body weight gain of A×Q×M were the highest among all crossbreds, therefore, Red Angus could be used as the terminal sire of three-way crossbreeding with local cattle.
The observations of using frozen semen of Angus beef cattle to improve native Yanhe yellow cattle showed that the conformation of F1 crossbreds of Angus and Yanhe yellow cattle tended to be simi- lar to that of Angus with a dominant inherence of coat color such as black and blackish brown coat,the av- erage birth weight,body weight at 6,12,18 month-old of F1 crossbreds were 20． 80±2． 63 kg,111． 08 ±5． 02kg,172． 91±12． 47kg,229． 56±14． 67kg,respectively,which was 46． 99%,43． 55%,45． 81%, 47． 79%higher(P＜0． 01) than that of Yanhe yellow cattle at the same age;all body sizes of F_1 crossbreds were greater(P＜0． 05) than that of yellow cattle with the increasing rate ranging from 10% to 20%,the results suggested that the Angus beef cattle demonstrated the ability to improve the conformation and growth performance of Yanhe yellow cattle,F_1 crossbreds of Angus and Yanhe yellow cattle exhibited the fast growth,high disease-resistance,low quality forage tolerance and good adaptability,therefore,the Angus beef cattle deserved to be extended to improve the quality of mountainous yellow cattle.
本文重点介绍了日本家畜改良目标的制定,具体改良计划的实施,家畜改良立法及内容,以及把好种畜、人工受精胚胎移植、家畜登录三个关键环节等家畜改良的机制、模式和措施.并提出了省内家畜改良工作的若干借鉴建议.
This paper introduces the role of cumulus cell in oocyte in vitro maturation, elaborates three aspects including the construction and function relations between cumulus cell and oocyte, the influence of cumulus expansion to oocyte in vitro maturation and cumulus layers to oocyte in vitro maturation.
The article summarized mainly in external milk antibacterial activity system-the lactoperoxidase system's composition, antibacterial mechanism and application for the preservation of milk .
