睾丸支持细胞(Sertoli cells,SCs)和精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)发生相应变化才能维持正常精子发生.因此,探讨生精上皮发育中两者的关系对深入了解精子发生有重要意义.基于前期基础,分别取青春期前(出生后5,10 d)、青春期(15,20 d)、近性成熟(25,30 d)及性成熟后(35,40,50,70 d)的昆明雄性小鼠,采用本室已建立的曲细精管漂浮免疫荧光染色全铺片法,测量了小鼠各阶段曲细精索/管的直径;以GATA4为SCs标记、胶质细胞源神经营养因子家族受体α-1(GFRα-1)为SSCs分子标记,显示生精上皮中的SCs和SSCs并分析其数量变化.结果显示,随日龄增加其曲细精索/管直径显著增大,特别是在性成熟前;5 d小鼠的GATA4+SCs数量最少,随后快速上升,15 d时达到最高且显著高于其他各阶段(P＜0.05),之后呈波动下降趋势且趋于相对稳定;GFRα-1+SSCs数量也随日龄增大而增多,15 d时达到最高且显著高于其他各阶段(P＜0.01),随后在20～30 d有所下降,35 d后急剧下降且处于相对稳定状态.提示小鼠SCs与SSCs数量之间基本呈正相关,SCs在维持SSCs的增殖、分化及正常精子发生方面有重要作用.本研究对探讨其他动物和人的精子发生机理有一定借鉴意义.

生精母细胞(gonocytes)是幼龄雄性曲细精索中的未分化生殖细胞,随睾丸发育逐渐向生精上皮基膜迁移并发育为精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs).生精母细胞和SSCs的分离培养对体外探讨精子发生机理至关重要,而其特异分子标记验证又是分离培养的关键环节.胶质细胞源神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotro-phic factor,GDNF)能促进生精母细胞和 SSCs 的增殖,用 GDNF 家族受体 α-1(GDNF family receptor alpha-1,GFRα-1)标记生精母细胞和SSCs已在啮齿类等动物得到证实,但在牛等大家畜则仍需验证.为此,本研究将冻存的新生牛睾丸组织复苏,从转录和蛋白水平对GFRα-1的表达进行了验证.荧光定量PCR分析显示,犊牛生精上皮表达多能性基因Nanog和较高水平的GFRα-1 mRNA;免疫荧光染色显示,曲细精索中的大圆形细胞表现为GFRα-1阳性,其定位和分布与苏木精-伊红染色显示的生精母细胞一致;分离培养后,这些细胞表现为生精细胞典型的团簇状形态,仍为GFRα-1和Nanog阳性.结果表明,GFRα-1可作为牛生精母细胞和SSCs相对特异的分子标记,为后续相关研究奠定了基础.

在新农科的时代背景下,动物科学专业作为农业科学的重要学科,人才培养应适应农业农村现代化发展要求.《养猪生产学》是动物科学专业的主要课程,为使实践教学的内容、方法与现代养猪业发展现状相适应,本文介绍了应用B型超声诊断仪进行猪活体背膘厚、眼肌面积测定和母猪早期妊娠诊断的实验课程.教学效果:(1)能够使学生掌握一定的专业技能,熟悉现代养猪业的生产管理理念;(2)能够把学生学习的专业理论知识直接应用到生产实践中,提升知识应用能力和综合实践能力;(3)能够使学生掌握基本的科研操作技能,培养学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力.

专业技能大赛是激发学生学习专业兴趣、培养学生实践能力的有效平台.通过对两届全国大学生动物科学专业技能大赛的组织与实施效果的分析,发现大赛能激发动物科学专业学生学习的积极性与主动性,增强专业自信,全面提高学生的综合素质,培养学生严谨的学习态度、团队合作精神与创新精神.此外,大赛有助于及时发现实践教学中的不足,推动实践教学的改革与发展.

思维导图是一种革命性的思维工具,倍受国内外教育工作者的关注.将思维导图引入动物遗传学实验教学中,探讨了其在学生预习、教师课堂指导、考核方式等教学环节中的积极作用,通过实践表明在教学中引入思维导图不仅能够激发学生的学习兴趣,提高实验课成绩和课堂效率,更重要的是它在培养学生自学能力、创造思维与发散思维方面有巨大潜能.

试验探讨日粮中添加不同水平抗菌肽对海兰褐商品蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能和血液生化指标的影响.随机选取480只380日龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡分成4组,其中Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复40只鸡.Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.01 L/kg、0.005 L/kg、0.002 L/kg浓度的抗菌肽.试验结果表明:抗菌肽显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋率和平均蛋重,其中Ⅱ组的产蛋率和蛋重分别高于Ⅰ组6.88％和6.18％,差异显著(P＜0.05).抗菌肽也有降低破蛋率和料蛋比的趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验Ⅳ组血清白蛋白含量比Ⅰ组提高37.15％,差异极显著(P＜0.01).

为了研究不同能量水平对高温条件下麻鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响,试验选取28日龄健康麻鸡120只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只(公母各半).在气温为28～ 32℃条件下,Ⅰ组饲喂麻鸡常规营养水平饲粮,为对照组;Ⅱ组饲粮能量水平提高5％;Ⅲ组饲粮能量水平提高10％.试验期为28 d.结果表明:Ⅲ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),料重比显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组嫩度显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).说明在高温环境下提高饲粮能量水平可以提高麻鸡生产性能,并能改善肉质.

优化动物遗传学实验管理包括强化实验室人才队伍的建设,优化人员组合,提高实验室管理水平,改革实验教学方案,建立有效的实验考核方法。这些措施有利于培养学生在学习过程中的能动性,培养学生的创新能力,树立良好的学习态度,更好地保证实验教学的顺利开展,提高动物遗传学实验的教学质量。

正>遗传学是实验性很强的学科,其高速发展离不开大量的实验设计与研究。遗传学实验课不仅为学生提供了一个验证理论知识、学习遗传学领域中相关实验技术的机会,也给学生提供了一个锻炼动手

<正>家兔的毛色具有多样性,主要有黑色、蓝色、红色、喜马拉雅色、海狸色、青紫蓝色、巧克力色等20余种,家兔毛色的多样性是育种者对毛色选种选育的基础。研究表明,哺乳动物的毛发、皮肤及眼睛的颜色主要是由黑色素的数量、性质与分布决定的。哺乳动

随着集约化养殖的发展,家禽常面临免疫应激。当动物经受免疫应激时,如家禽接种疫苗或饲养管理不善,机体在产生免疫应答的同时本身也受到一定程度的损害,其生长速度受到抑制,饲料报酬降低,因此免疫应激能给养禽生产造成巨大的经济损失。文章就家禽免疫应激作用机理及免疫应激对家禽生产性能和体内营养物质代谢的影响作一综述,为研究免疫应激状态下和应激结束后家禽的营养需要提供参考。

试验采用单因子设计,选取286～342日龄和339～395日龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡各360只,随机分成对照组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ、试验组Ⅱ,每组设3个重复,每个重复60只鸡.对照组Ⅰ(286～342日龄)和对照组Ⅱ(339～395日龄)饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅰ(286～342日龄)和试验组Ⅱ(339～385日龄)在饮水和基础日粮中添加泓缘403菌复活水,试验期8周.结果表明,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ的料蛋比较对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ显著降低(P＜0.05),试验组Ⅱ的作用效果更佳,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ的蛋黄中脂肪含量较对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ显著降低(P＜0.05),试验组Ⅰ的作用效果更佳.

采用单因子设计方案,将体重4.5～5.0 kg健康朗德鹅450只随机分成3组,其中I组为对照组,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别为试验组,每组150只,组内3个重复.I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在超饲养饲粮基础上分别添加2%的鹅油、2%豆油和2%玉米油,研究不同油脂对朗德鹅产肝性能及胸肌中氨基酸成分的影响.结果:肥肝均重和肝体比I组与Ⅱ组、I组与Ⅲ组间差异显著(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);料肝比Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组均低于I组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),其中I组最高,Ⅱ组最低,Ⅲ组介于二者之间.试验组与对照组各组胸肌水分、蛋白质和脂肪差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验组间差异也不显著(P>0.05);各组胸肌氨基酸含量试验组与对照组问均差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组间差异也不显著(P>0.05).结论:植物油组产肝性能明显优于动物油组,其中豆油组肥肝性能最佳.

This research was adopted the experimental design method of the single factor,randomly deviding 360 seventy-days-age Landes geese into 4 groups,which were raised well in the same batch with similar weight. They were fed on diets containing VE 70 IU/kg (groupⅡ),140 IU/kg (groupⅢ),210 IU/kg (groupⅣ) in comparison to a control group (groupⅠ). This study was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of VE on dressing performance and fatty liver performance. The results of the test were as follows:①The dressing performance of the control group and that of test groups were not significant (P>0.05). ②The liver weights and filling rates of the test groups were higher than the control group. The groupⅢ was highest and significant (P<0.05). The feed intake/liver weights of groupⅢ and groupⅣ were lower than groupⅠ and groupⅡ,the difference was significant (P<0.05). ③Compared to the control group,every goose in test groups earned more 1.86,4.79,2.02 yuan,groupⅢ was the highest.

In order to investigate the correlations between the blood protein polymorphic points and performance of Red Steppe,the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)were employed to detect hemoglobin(Hb),albumin (Alb),postalbumin(Pa)-three blood protein polymorphic points of 13 Red Steppe and 18 limousin×Red Steppe.The results showed that Hb,Alb and Pa cotroled by 2 allelomorph respectively;the 4 bands of Hb had dissociation in 1 Red Steppe.The of variance analysis of the blood protein polymorphic points and performance suggested 3 protein points had positive or negative effects on some traits of Red Steppe and limousine.

Experimental design method of the single factor was adopted in this research.450 ten-week Landes geese,which were raised well in the same batch with similar weight,were randomly divided into 3 groups.The first group was control group,others were testing group(each of them contained 150 geese with 3 repetitions).In addition to overfeed,2% of goose oil,2% of bean oil and 2% of corn oil were added into the first,the second and the third group,respectively.The effect of different kinds of oil supply on lecithin in fatty liver was investigated after three weeks of overfeed and the economic returns was analyzed.The results showed that after overfeeding,there was remarkable(p0.05) difference in contents of cephalin,lecithin,unsaturated fatty acid,protein and fat in liver compared with those pre-feeding geese.There was not remarkable(p0.05) difference between the control group and the test group,and the geese in each group.Compared with the first group,each goose in the second and the third earned 8.8 yuan and 7.71 yuan RMB,respectively.

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blood protein polymorphism of red steppe and its performance.[Method] Two blood protein polymorphic loci were detected in transferring(Tf) and posttremsferr(Ptf) from thirteen red steppes and eighteen hybrid of limousin and red steppe by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.[Result] Tf and Ptf were controlled by three and two alleles respectively.[Conclusion] The variance analysis of blood protein polymorphic loci and its performance indicates that two protein loci have a positive or negative correlation with some traits of red steppe and the improved limousin cattle population.

In order to detect the distribution of myostatin(MSTN)in different tissues of Landaise goose,polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and sequencing was to be used.The results shown: the MSTN was detected in cerebrum,cerebellum,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,pancreas,abdomen adipose,subcutaneous adipose,skeletal muscle.The wide distribution of MSTN gene in tissues reveals that it may have important physiological functions.

Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-beta family member that normally acts to limit skeletal muscle cell growth and development.In order to detect the polymorphism of the Landaise goose MSTN gene exon 3,the PCR-SSCP was to be used.The results showed that the fragments with SSCP polymorphism were sequenced.The sequencing results showed that there was single nucleotides mutation,A→G at 1023.This study is useful to the selection of Landaise goose.

试验采用单因子设计方案,将450只70日龄同批孵化、体质量相近和健康的朗德鹅随机分成3组,每组150只,每组设3个重复,其中1组为对照组,2组和3组分别为试验组.1组、2组和3组在超饲养饲粮基础上分别添加2%鹅油、2%豆油和2%玉米油,研究不同脂肪源对朗德鹅产肝性能、屠宰性能及肝脏营养成分的影响.结果表明:1)肥肝均质量、肝体比和肝屠比1组与2组和1组与3组间差异显著,但2组与3组间差异不显著;料肝比2组与3组均低于1组,但差异不显著,其中1组最高,2组最低,3组介于二者之间.2)屠体质量、屠宰率、全净膛质量及全净膛率等屠宰性能指标各组差异均不显著.3)肝脏脂肪酸含量(亚油酸除外)试验组与对照组间均差异不显著.试验结果表明,植物油组产肝性能明显优于动物油组,其中豆油组肥肝性能最佳.