The present investigation is planned to investigate the “effects of seed treatments on seed quality and seed health parameters of buckwheat genotypes during storage at seed testing laboratory, Department of Genetics and plant Breeding SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P during 2019-2020. The experiment consists of five genotypes viz, IC-18040(G1), IC-18289(G2),IC-18757(G3), IC18881(G4), IC-18889(G5). Seeds were treated with neem oil 5 ml/kg (T1) and carbendazim at 2g/kg (T2) and seeds alone with control (untreated T0) and packed in a cloth bag and maintained for 9 months under ambient conditions. The result clearly shown that seeds of IC-18289(G2) treated with neem oil were found high germination percent (80%), root length (10.19 cm), shoot length (8.29 cm), seedling length (18.48 cm), fresh weight (0.59 g), dry weight (0.37 g), Vigour index I (1478.40), Vigour index –II (2.96) viability (58) and seed infection (least infection (least seed infected) (2.30)
Tissue culture techniques are considered as novel plant biotechnology tools in the past decades because their high potential to establish specific experimental conditions, multiplication in mass production, magnify or control the genetic variation and facilitating the variant selection. Problems of in vitro obtained plant materials retard the investment in micropropagation fields because final products are represented by non-acclimatized plantlets, which require specific managements until final field delivery. To counteract the problems of in vitro techniques, synthetic seed technology should be used especially when seedless plants such as banana or plants with unviable seeds have been subjecting for plant improvement. To create artificial seeds, artificial endosperm around plant materials (somatic embryos, shoot tips or nodal segment) was established by dipping plant materials in gel matrix (MS with 4% sodium alginate). Then, the alginate-covered plant materials were dropped in complexing agent (75 mM CaCl2) for 30 minutes and washed in MS medium. The obtained artificial seeds (synseeds) could be stored in refrigerator for several weeks up to several months with high conversion especially when they stored submerged in MS liquid medium supplemented with low sucrose concentration and growth regulators.
Strawberry is one of the most important fruits because of its distinctive flavour and being rich in vitamins A and C. World population increase, high demand for strawberry, using more farms and greenhouses for cultivating it as well as time-consuming, and conventional methods of modification make using tissue culture for producing plants which are healthy, uncontaminated a necessity. In this research, Alpine and Sarian are used as cultivars in order to solve the problem of germination in strawberry seeds and the highest proportion of germination was observed in ½ MS+2 mg l-1 GA3 +Sulfuric acid 36 N and +½ MS 2 mg l-1 GA3 + H2O2100%. Afterwards, seven cultivars, Alpine, Camarosa, Gaviota, Pajaro, Paros, Sarian and Selva were used to improve the tissue culture of strawberry. In the experiment carried out for culturing terminal meristem, each cultivar responded perfectly to T12, T4, T2, T1, T3, T14 and T5, respectively. Next, the experiment of regeneration of strawberry from terminal bud was carried out in which each cultivar had the best regeneration rate in B5, B14, B1, B2, B3, B4 and B12. The experiment of bud culture optimization was devised based on the results of final stem culture where the highest amount of production of strawberry plantlets were achieved in O3, O5, O2, O8, O9, O1 and O4. Finally, a complementary experiment to direct regeneration was done on explants of leaves and petioles in which the highest proportion of regeneration was observed in LP24, LP2, LP6, LP13, LP5, LP11 and LP18.
Field experiments were conducted in sandy loam soil to evaluate the soil and plant water status in four shrubs under mulch and non-mulch conditions. Plants treated with mulch showed improved soil moisture status, treatments without mulch had significantly reduced growth performances in all four species tested. The plant water status, as evaluated by relative water content and leaf water potential were favourable under conditions with mulch suggesting the need for less water or reduced frequency of irrigation. Specific leaf weight and dry biomass were significantly greater when mulch was applied. Optimum soil and thermal environment with limited fluctuations were observed under conditions with mulch, even during dry periods. Therefore, it was concluded that mulching will be beneficial for the species evaluated here as it was able to maintain better soil and plant water status which led to enhanced growth.
This paper shows the results of many years researches (2013-2014) of the weed vegetation of the Lijevce polje area which includes four associations: Panico- Galinsogetum parviflorae Tuxen at Becker 1942, Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae Lozanovski 1962, Cynodono-Sorghetum halepense (Laban 1974) Kojic 1979 and Erigerono-Setarietum glaucae Sumatic 1997. Floristic- phytosociology researches were performed by the principles and methods of the Switzerland-French phytosociological school on 61 localities. By projecting the plant communities on the mail components (Principal Component Analysis) and comparting them to the ecological indices (variables), it shows that Panico-Galinsogetum parviflorae depends on humidity the (F) and the chemical reaction (R), while Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae shows the dependence on the nutrients (N). Association Cynodono-Sorghetum halepense shows the dependence on the temperature (T) and the light (L). Association Erigerono-Setarietum glaucae is separated because it develops on the stubble.
Gymnosperms are the plants of the remarkable evolutionary history; they have the great empire in the Mesozoic era, however at the beginning of the cenozoic, one can see the degradation in the vegetation (decline of the gymnosperm). In recent era the gymnosperms are presented by the cycadales (only 11 genera very endemic distribution) coniferales, Gnetales, they have the great assemblages (combination of the primitive as well as the advanced features or attributes) of the characters, in this review articles we are going to present one of the coniferales entitled as Larix. These plants have the long distribution in the European alps mountains forests), large belt of the lorchs forms the magnificent flora of the alps mountains (great physiognomy and the dominance are the peculiar features). However, in this era, in India (Himalayas belt) and the other part of the world these primitive reservoirs of the plants are going to be rapid degradation, so these plant lines needs conservation and propagation, so that the unique line of assemblage of primitive evolutionary characters (near to extinct) can be preserved. This review article represents some of the aspects of the Larix conifer and there threats and conservation.
Collection and authentification of Curcuma pseudomontana and Curcuma longa. The methanolic extraction of dried plant material is carried out by soxhalation process and preliminary chemical test of extract to identify the phytoconstituent. To evaluate the antifertility activity of Curcuma pseudomontana and Curcuma longa in male and female rats. Comparison of antifertility activity in Curcuma pseudomontana with Curcuma longa.
Operational research methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of oil from peony seeds. Five variables, namely the particle size (mesh), solvent: raw material ratio (ml/g), ultrasonic power (W), extraction time (min), and extraction temperature (°C) were investigated. Regression equations were developed, and nonlinear programming model was derived with an operation research theory. The ANOVA analysis indicated that all the quantities determined had significant quadratic and linear effects on oil yield (Y), contents of Α-Linolenic Acid (ALA), linolein acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA), and energy consumption (Q). Optimum conditions for the extraction of oil were found to be: particle size of 62 mesh, solvent: raw material ratio of 14 ml/g, ultrasonic power of 323 W, extraction time of 45 min, and extraction temperature of 44°C. The optimal predicted Y, ALA, LA, OA, and Q for peony seed oil of 28.21%, 122.11 mg/g, 65.22 mg/g, 62.53 mg/g, and 2,394.99 KJ, respectively. While the experimental values were in agreement with the predicted values
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive disease of citrus. The causal agent is Candidatus Liberibacter spp. The pathogen is phloem-limited gramnegative bacterium. HLB has caused huge loss in citrus fruit production. All commercial citrus cultivars can be infected by this disease and no cure for it. In this review, we discuss disease detection, host responses upon infection. Because conventional breeding can’t confer citrus resistance to HLB, transgenic approach is the alternative to produce disease resistant citrus facing the urgent need. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is the most recent and advanced genome editing technology that has been successfully applied to develop canker resistant citrus. In this review, the potential application of CRISPR technology in citrus resistance to HLB is discussed.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a system of ancient medical practice that differs from modern medicine in its substance, methodologies, and philosophies. It has become increasingly pursued as a means of therapy worldwide, with sound medical methodologies complemented with herbs prescribed mainly based on knowledge documented in the Compendium of Materia Medica and various modern pharmacopoeias. However, modernisation and the demand for consumer convenience has led to a shift from the use of conventional herbs to TCM granules. TCM granules are produced after TCM herbs undergo modern extraction and processing, and are now prescribed by a majority of TCM practitioners as therapeutic drugs. However, unlike herbs, there are no available standards or monographs for the quality control and regulation of these TCM granules. Our preliminary study of one such product, Cortex Magnoliae officinalis, suggests that there is significant variation in the quality of TCM granules despite being labelled as identical products. There is therefore a pressing need for the standardisation of TCM granule products at both local and international levels in order to better safeguard patients’ interests and integrate TCM into the mainstream healthcare system.
