A full factorial 23 design was used to study the effect of independent variables, in which eight formulas were prepared by emulsification-ultrasonication method using different concentration of poloxamer 188, concentration of soya lecithin, and time of sonication, and the mean particle size and entrapment efficiency were measured as responses. A drug release study was performed using a dialysis membrane diffusion process for only four prepared formulas (Vn-NLC5 to 8), which had the smallest particle size as a response for the same variable, in which formulas Vn-NLC 7 and 8 gave the slowest burst effect and continued for 48 hours; however, Vn-NLC 7 had smallest mean particle size (MPS) polydispersity index (PDI) and high entrapment efficiency (% E.E.), loading capacity and zeta potential were 88 ±3 nm, 0.008 ±6, -41.2 ±1, and 92.54% respectively, so it was chosen as optimum formula. The small size and sustained release character of the optimum Vn-NLC 7 formula may possibly give a better accumulation in lung tissue for a longer time, so greatly enhance vinorelbine activity and reduce toxicity.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease, Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by being chronic and multisystem, it affects various parts of the body joints, RA primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet. Quality of life is used as an indicator for health outcomes, it serves as a sensitive measure to evaluate a patient's health status after receiving treatment and assessing the overall impact of the treatment on their well-being. Aim: The objective of the study is to estimate the quality of life of a group of Iraqi patients who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore potential connections between different components of quality of life (such as physical, psychological, social, and environmental health) and specific factors related to the patients. Method: The researchers used the Arabic version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to assess the participants' quality of life. The questionnaire covers four main domains: Physical Health (seven items) Psychological Well-being (six items) Social Relationships (three items) Environment (eight items), Each domain contains several questions that collectively measure that specific aspect of quality of life. Result: The overall quality of life mean was 26.43 ± 12.37. The mean for social health was the highest (38.17 ± 17.17), while the mean for environmental health was the lowest (12.68 ± 19.95). Age and marital status have negative correlations with every component of QOL (physical health, psychological health, social health, and environmental health) in univariate analysis, nevertheless a higher level of education has a direct correlation with all aspects of QOL. Also, there is a negative association between marital status and the physical, psychological, and social health of QOL as well as a negative correlation between gender and the physical, psychological, and environmental health of QOL. Conclusion: In conclusion, rheumatoid arthritis patients in this study perceived lower quality of life in environmental and physical aspects with better improvements in social and psychological health scores. In addition, age, marital status and education considers a significant factor affecting Q.O.L especially among those older age, lower education levels and married.
This work involved the fabrication, optimization, and evaluation in vitro and in vivo of Erythropoietin (EPO) from implantable film dosage forms prepared by two different methods (casting method and more modern method in industrial pharmacy preparation which is 3D printing techniques) that may be a usefully used for treatment of anemia related with chronic renal failure for six months upon single implantation under skin and can be adjusted according to personal need. Through this study, two types of implantable films were prepared; one of these films was prepared by 3D printing film, and the other films prepared by casting method using PVA/glycerol base film. Each film contains a certain amount of our previously prepared sustained-release EPO (equivalent to 100,000 IU) as well as pure EPO powder (10,000 IU). In vitro evaluation was performed and in-vivo evaluation for both films in comparison to the routinely applied treatment. Both films successfully passed in-vitro evaluation and the folding endurance of the casting films was 66 times more than 3D printing films. In addition, both films gave biphasic drug release where 10% of EPO was released within the first week and continued for 6 months to reach 98.73% for casting film and 88.79% for 3D printing film. The in-vivo evaluation of both types of film showed normal Hb-level within the first two weeks of implantation associated with correction of EPO level to the normal level in both films and both Hb/EPO levels continued normally for 6 months in comparison to repeated Sc injection of EPO which showed normal Hb level with high EPO (much more than normal) that may increase happening of cardiac disorders. This work succeeded in preparing implantable films of EPO that can adjust both Hb and EPO to the normal level and continued normally for six months upon a single simple implantation under the skin with good links between in-vitro as well as in vivo evaluation. Such preparation might be used as alternative to the routinely applied repeated subcutaneous injection to improve patient compliance with less possibility to produce tangible side effects.
New, simple and precise analytical method for the detection of Bortezomib which it is a selecti proteosome inhibitor acting as powerful anticancer drug. This method is developed and validated using reverse phase High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device with( C18,4.6×250mm )column, mobile phase composed of methanol: water (70:30) , isocratic flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 270 nm. The retention time for this drug is found to be 6.77 minute by utilizing this method. It is also proved to be precise and specific with an RSD% less than 2% which complies with the requirement of ICH. It also shows a linearity in the both responses (area and height) in the range of 10-100 µg/ml with a R2 0.997 and 0.998 respectively, indicating a wide range for the Bortezomib measurement in different pharmaceutical formulations. LOD and LOQ were also calculated to be 3.2 and 9.6 µg/ml respectively, showing a low level for detection and quantification of the item. The accuracy also is determined to be 99.83%±0.77. In conclusion the suggested method is validated according to ICH guidelines regarding precision, specificity, linearity, accuracy and robustness.
Dyslipidemia constitutes one of the significant modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Public knowledge and awareness of dyslipidemia could potentially reduce the CVDs burden. This study aimed to (1) assess the level of knowledge and perception of dyslipidemia with its management among the public; (2) identify the factors associated with the level of knowledge and (3) explore the public’s experience and perceived difficulties in the prevention or management of dyslipidemia. A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted among Malaysians aged 35 years and above from Klang Valley, Malaysia. A convenience sampling method was used. The questionnaire was distributed via social media (WhatsApp and Facebook) and face-to-face at the clinic, residential area and academic institution. Of the 257 respondents, a substantial of them (70%) had poor knowledge with a mean knowledge score of 1.85±1.78. Respondents’ medical background was found to be significantly associated with knowledge status (p= 0.03). Over half (64.2%) were aware of undertaking regular cholesterol screening tests at healthcare facilities, with 25% of them preferred private hospitals for cholesterol screening. Most respondents (74.4%) reported that diet is the main component contributing to cholesterol management, and hence controlling food intake remains a major difficulty in managing the disease. The public's knowledge of dyslipidemia and its management is still poor. To increase awareness and management, future interventions should focus on addressing knowledge gaps in dyslipidemia, particularly on the symptoms and misconceptions associated with the long-term use of cholesterol medications. Besides, promoting annual cholesterol screening is crucial as dyslipidemia is often asymptomatic.
