为了解世界塔叶蝉物种的多样性、区系成分和分布状况,并探究该类昆虫的起源与演化路径,依据世界塔叶蝉的地理分布数据,研究其区系组成特点,并运用Arc GIS 10.2软件进行栅格分析.结果表明:截至目前,全世界共记录塔叶蝉34属163种,以零叶蝉属为优势类群,全世界有零叶蝉44种,占世界塔叶蝉总数的26.99％.在世界动物区划中,塔叶蝉主要分布于东洋界(属级占44.12％,种级占50.31％)和非洲界(属级占38.24％,种级占36.21％),少数属种渗透分布至古北界和澳洲界,新北界和新热带界均为广布种.塔叶蝉的特有属、种极为丰富,特有属28个,占塔叶蝉总属数的82.35％,世界特有种148个,占塔叶蝉总种数的90.81％.塔叶蝉的起源至少可追溯到中生代联合古陆解体之后,东洋界的中国南部和南亚诸岛是塔叶蝉的现代分布和分化中心.
采用由东方肉座菌EU7-22表达的重组木聚糖酶HoXyn11A、黑曲霉BE-2表达的重组木聚糖酶AnXyn10C和商品木聚糖酶分别降解大米草半纤维素,探索其降解的最佳工艺条件,结果发现该3种木聚糖酶最适pH值为4.5～5.5,最佳反应温度为45～55℃,酶用量为200～300 IU·g -1 底物,反应时间为12～24 h.对比结果表明:通过黑曲霉BE-2表达的重组木聚糖AnXyn10C能够在24 h内基本将大米草半纤维素降解为低聚木糖,效率远高于商品酶和东方肉座菌EU7-22表达的重组木聚糖酶HoXyn11A.黑曲霉BE-2表达的重组木聚糖AnXyn10C是大米草半纤维素降解酶的良好来源.
在病原菌与植物的相互作用过程中,病原菌分泌大量效应蛋白帮助其侵染植物,因此效应蛋白一直是植物病理学研究的热点课题.该文基于大量白粉菌效应蛋白的研究成果,就近年来白粉菌效应蛋白的生物信息学预测分析结果、功能效应蛋白鉴定及其作用机理和无毒效应蛋白研究进展等方面进行综述,同时对未来值得重点关注的研究方向进行探讨,以期为白粉菌致病性的研究提供理论参考.
A general equilibrium model to depict the flow of outsourcing among multiple economies is established.The model reveals the change of employment rate and economic benefits in each economy under the market law. The research indicates that there exists a equilibrium point when both profit function and cost function are continuous,the constraint set is compact. Using the flow of outsourcing theory to analyze the software outsourcing in Nanchang in the numerical simulation stage,it shows that offshore outsourcing would boost economy and level up employment rate,it's recommended that the government should strongly support relative work,especially on the information platform building and personnel training.
A nonconforming finite element is applied to the strongly damped nonlinear wave equations with semidscretization on anisotropic meshes,the error estimates and result of superclose are obtained by using some novel approaches and technique. Finally,based on the interpolated post-processing technique,the global super-convergence is derived.
The vast majority of the existing statistical methods to specify the Q-matrix do rely on the draft Q-matrix constructed by the subject matter experts or the researches. Based on previous related research,the authors consider the estimation problem of the Q-matrix under the condition of without having the draft Q-matrix. In particular,they introduce a Q-matrix identification approach which integrates exploratory factor analysis( EFA) with Q-matrix validation method. The results of a simulation study show that the initial Q-matrix can be correctly explored with high recovery rate using the EFA and the validation methods.
The basic properties of the 0-1 reachability matrix and their applications are discussed. The student Q matrix and the prerequisite relation defined on it is a lattice. An algorithm to calculate the polytomous reachability matrix is given and the augment algorithm based on the polytomous reachability matrix is proposed. For 0-1 and polytomous reachibility matrices,the methods which include the expanse algorithm and the condensation algorithm for the translation from each other are introduced and an application of the translation is given. It is discovered that the polytomous reachibility matrix is the compressive form a 0-1 reachibility matrix.
Many cellular behaviors are regulated by intracellular biochemical reactions such as gene expression and protein-protein interactions. The kinetics of these biochemical reactions are mostly random,and therefore the stochasticity is essential for the modeling of cellular behaviour in the field of computational biology. This paper is a self contained review trying to provide an overview of stochastic modeling and recent advance in computation biology.This paper starts from basic assumptions in biochemical reaction systems,and introduce mathematical formulations for modeling intrinsic noise,external noise,and reactions systems with delay. Multiple dynamical equations are discussed,including chemical master equation,chemical Fokker-Plank equation,chemical reaction rate equation,and chemical Langevin equation,etc. Several numerical methods are introduced,including the stochastic simulation algorithm( SSA) and the Tau-leaping algorithm.
The problem that an algebraic differential equation has no admissible meromorphic solution is studied by using Nevanlinna' s theory and Wiman-Valiron theory. The structures of the entire solutions of some nonlinear differential equations are given,and the Hayman's theorems to some differential polynomials are extended by using these results. Finally,a survey of his groups' recent researches about non-linear complex differential equations and their applications is given.
To obtain the information of the cultivable fungi diversity at the lesion surface of Moso Bamboo,the lesion surface of Jianggangshan Moso Bamboo was isolated strains by tissue isolation method,the ITS-r DNA sequence and the diversity of of the cultured fungi were analyzed. A total of 30 strains of fungi was isolated. As a result of morphological identification 12 genera were obtained,of which Fusarium( 20. 00%),Alternaria( amounting to 13. 33% of the total),and Gibberella( 10. 00%) were dominant. Populations of fungi on surface of the Moso Bamboo indicated different abundance and uniformity.
In order to explain the coexistence mechanism of common water birds at Poyang Lake from morphological perspective,the body weight,body length,culmen length and tarsus-metatarsus length of 24 waterfowls and 36 wading birds were analyzed. The result indicated that,the ratio of body weight and culmen length of waterfowls were relatively high( 1. 22 ± 0. 06 and 1. 22 ± 0. 14,respectively) while the ratio of body length and tarsus-metatarsus length were relatively low( 1. 09 ± 0. 03 and 1. 07 ± 0. 02,respectively). For wading birds,the ratio of body weight was relatively high( 1. 18 ± 0. 03) while the ratio of body length,culmen length and tarsus-metatarsus length were relatively low( 1. 07 ± 0. 01,1. 09 ± 0. 01 and 1. 08 ± 0. 2,respectively). The morphological ratio of common water birds were approximate to 1. 1 ~ 1. 2,which showed that these birds mainly depend on the separation of ecological habits to live together. The closely related species really had analogously physical features,such as Common crane Grus grus and White-naped crane Grus vipio,Lesser white-fronted goose Anser erythropus and Greylag goose Anser anser,Falcated duck Anas falcata and Northern pintail Anas acuta,Spot-billed duck Anas poecilorhyncha and Eurasian wigeon Anas penelope. But the similarity of Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus,Pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta,Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia and Grey heron Ardea cinerea were relatively low compared to other birds. On the basis of competitive exclusion principle,the relationship among morphological differentiation,coexistence and their population size were analyzed.
Modeling literary texts with natural language processing technology has become a popular topic of compu-tational linguistics in recent years. the vocabulary of Chinese classical poetry by combining point-wise mutual infor-mation( PMI)method and frequency threshold has been extracted. Based on the extracted poetic vocabulary,a heu-ristic forward maximum matching algorithm to segment the poems has been used. In order to model the poetry,latent dirichlet allocation( topic model),based on which we also put forward explorative analysis of the literature evolu-tion and poet network has been used. The experiments on the corpus of All-Tang poetry indicate that topic model is an explanatory statistical model of the Chinese classical poetry. While proving the existed evolution theory of Chi-nese literature,the statistical model also provides insightful macro-analysis from a new perspective,in addition to the traditional methodology of Chinese literature research.
Lobster sauce is a kind of soybean as raw material by microorganism fermentation and made of traditional fermented food. The proteinase strain is adominant bacteria and play an important role in the process of the fermentation. This article screen an strain of high yield protease through the process of separation,the first screening and the second screening in traditional fermented soybean fermentation microorganisms. Through determination,the enzyme activity 2 231 U·L-1. Through the physiological and biochemical and 16 S r DNA molecular identification,the strain is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The high-yield alkaline protease producing strain that this study obtained will provide foundation for subsequent production good flavor fermented soya beans,at the same time provide species resources for industrial production of protease.
With hydrochlorothiazide as the active pharmaceutical ingredient( API),nicotinamide and nicotinic acid as the cocrystal former( CCF),two pharmaceutical cocrystals HCT·NCA( 1),HCT·NNA( 2) were successfully synthesized at room temperature,respectively. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and they were further characterized by elemental analysis,infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction.In addition,based on the B3 LYP /6-31G( d) level with Gaussian 03 W program,the full geometry optimization,the orbital energies,the frontier molecular orbital and the natural bond orbital of the two compounds have been investigated.
Rivers and lakes of Poyang Lake region changed complicatedly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties ,of which the changes of the rivers and lakes around the Estuary of the Gan-Fu Plain was the most representative. In this period,such circumstances about rivers and lakes arose within the territory of the Estuary Plain as silting up,the rise of the water level,poor drainage,etc. ,and the re-lated river ports and lakes became gradually silted up,the flood and drought disaster aggravated. At the same time,Qinglan Lake and Junshan Lake were expanding,which caused serious erosion to the Lake Area. Furthermore,Poyang Lake itself changed complicatedly,the general trend was that the western Lake was silted up,the eastern Lake was expanded. Accordingly,the flood and drought disas-ter in the Estuary Plain of Gan and Fu River aggravated,and had a significant impact on agricultural production,water conservancy.
Discourse relation analysis usually focuses on identifying elementary discourse units( EDUs) and recognizing the discourse relation between EDUs. Previous work on this topic primarily focused on English. To the best of our knowledge,there is no publicly available tool for Chinese discourse relation analysis. In the work,based on the human-annotated corpus,the first end-to-end discourse relation analysis system for Chinese,which includes elementary unit segmentation,discourse connective disambiguation,explicit relation recognition,and implicit relation recognition has been developed. In the experiments,the model achieves a F-score of 89. 8% in explicit relation recognition and 55. 5% in implicit relation recognition.
This paper is devoted to propose the convergence problem of complex fuzzy set-valued complex fuzzy integral base on the complex fuzzy sets values complex fuzzy measure. We introduces the concepts of the complex fuzzy set-valued complex fuzzy measure in [1], the complex fuzzy set-valued measurable function in [2], and the complex fuzzy set-valued complex fuzzy integral in [3]. And then, we focuses on convergence problem of complex fuzzy set-valued complex fuzzy integral, obtained some convergence theorems.
The type with Goursat kernel function retained the Wiener measure on the Volterra transformation is studied. This kind of kernel function satisfy a self-reproduction property. Some results on the inverses of the associated Gramian matrices which lead to a new self-reproduction property are provided. And it links with the classical reproduction property. The result is applied to a class of singular linear stochastic differential equation with corresponding filter decomposition's study. The equation is regarded as some non-standard decomposition of generalized bridges.
