With the new oil wells being put into operation one after another in offshore C oilfield,the oil production of the oilfield has been greatly increased,and the process treatment effect has declined,the crude oil primary separator and the interface emulsion of electric deoiled water were serious,the sewage treatment effect was poor,and the oil content exceed the standard,which seriously affect the normal production of the oilfield.In order to solve this problem,through indoor selection,the reverse demulsifier BH-612 was selected to improve the quality of wastewater in the process,and good results were obtained in the field practice and application,which fully guaranteed the stable operation of the on-site production process.
The supply and demand status of butadiene at home and abroad were analyzed,and the future development trend and the development suggestions of China were put forward.
Isobutane compressor motor was equipped with a positive pressure through the risk control system,by purging gas(nitrogen)into the motor cavity to maintain a small positive pressure to achieve explosion-proof purpose,to prevent external flammable and explosive gas(isobutane)into.The system monitored the internal pressure of the motor housing by setting an intermediate pressure sensor,and adjusted the nitrogen gas supply according to the pressure change.This optimization project saved the amount of purging nitrogen by adjusting the pressure value of the intermediate pressure sensor.
With the Kigali Amendment officially entering into force for China,China will strengthen the control of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases such as hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs).The usage and maintenance amount of HFCs in Beijing commercial refrigeration industry were investigated,and suggestions for the next step of HFCs elimination and replacement was put forward.
In response to the traditional fluorine-containing acid system in the application process,there were problems such as high corrosiveness,secondary precipitation,and lead to the loose rock skeleton.In this paper,a low corrosion,effective inhibition of secondary precipitation,green environmental protection and non-fluorinated clay damage plugging removal agent was successfully developed.The experimental results showed that the clay damage plugging removal agent has significant dissolution effects on chlorite,montmorillonite,kaolinite,and illite,with dissolution rates of 33.0％,32.7％,21.6％,and 29.5％,respectively.This plugging removal agent mainly destroyied the microstructure of clay by extracting metal elements such as Si,Al,Ca,Fe,Mg and so on from the clay structure.Meanwhile,it minimized the impact on the strength of rock skeleton,has better retardation,corrosion inhibition and inhibits secondary precipitation,which can deeply removal clay mineral pollution and ensure construction safety.In addition,the plugging removal agent has excellent anti-emulsification and demulsification.And the back-flow fluid has little impact on the offshore electric stripping process.The permeability recovery rate of the core flooding reached 114％,indicating the remarkable effect of the plugging removal.Therefore,this innovative technology provided an efficient,safe,and environmentally friendly plugging removal system for the management of low-productivity and inefficient wells.And it was expected to be widely used in offshore oilfields.
The current research and application status of low-temperature curable photosensitive polyimides(PSPIs)have been reviewed.The property requirements of integrated circuits(IC)packaging to the PSPI materials,the structural design and preparation chemistry of negative and positive PSPIs,and the main procedures for achieving the low-temperature curability of PSPIs were mainly introduced.Emphatically,the current research and development status,potential engineering applications,and future developing trends of the low-temperature curable PSPIs containing external crosslinkers were presented.
The synthesis technology research progress of glyoxal in China were summarized.The development suggestions in the future were put forward.
In the process of drying ultrafine powder,due to the characteristics of small particle size and light weight of ultrafine powder,serious dust phenomenon often occured.Especially in the negative pressure drying process,due to the evaporated water or other liquid phase,after entering the dust collector,the liquid phase will appear because of the change of temperature and pressure,which will seriously affect the effect of filtering dust.The reasons of low dust removal efficiency in vacuum drying system and the solutions were described.
In the high water cut development period of Daqing Oilfield,cationic agents such as flocculants are still used to ensure the quality of reinjection water,but the cationic agent converted into mechanical impurities to increase the production of sludge and dirty oil in the process of produced water treatment,which also increases the difficulty of sludge and dirty oil treatment.From the perspective of high water cut,the structure of produced liquid emulsion is similar to that of produced water,Based on the characteristics that the supersaturation amount of alkaline earth metal carbonate in produced water of Daqing Oilfield was generally higher than 10mg/L at 55～60℃.Considering the optimization and simplification of chemical agent dosing in the process of produced fluid and produced water treatment as a whole,an unique scale inhibitor and reverser demulsifier FSP-2101 with both high-efficiency reverse demulsification and new alkaline earth metal carbonate particle inhibition functions was developed by using the method of combining chelating agent and demulsifier.In the field application test of water drive system in Xingsi United Station of Daqing Oilfield,FSP-2101 was added into the water feeding heater of two oil transfer stations,with the dosing concentration of 15mg/L to 25mg/L(calculated by the inlet volume of the FWKO at Xingsi united station),the average oil content in the discharged water of the FWKO was 242mg/L.The average oil content in the outlet water of the filtration tank was 18mg/L,and the average content of suspended solids was 4.5mg/L.The average oil content in the outlet water of the deep filtration station was 1mg/L,and the average content of suspended solids was 3mg/L.
An ion chromatography method for the determination of sulfate ions in cobalt sulphonate was established.The cobalt sulfamate product was diluted multiple times and then the heavy metals in the matrix were removed by Na column and H column exchange after pretreatment.The interference elements and dilution ratio of cobalt sulfamate samples were tested,and the precision and standard recovery of high,medium and low sulfate concentration samples were verified.The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between sulfate ion concentration and peak area in the range of 0.2～10mg/L:Y=0.073X+0.0119(R2=0.9997),the detection limit of the method was 0.007mg/L,and the minimum detection concentration was 0.002mg/L.The samples were measured 10 times in parallel,and the relative standard deviation range was 3.81％～6.33％.Three samples were added to the standard experiment,and the recovery range of 6 times was 90.5％～114％.The method has low detection limit,high precision,high accuracy,simple and efficient,and is suitable for the determination of sulfate ions in cobalt sulfamate.
As a new type of environmental pollutant,microplastics with a diameter of less than 5mm have attracted increasing attention.The types and hazards of microplastics in daily chemical products and the degradation methods of common microplastic components were summarized,and the degradation mechanism was described.The direction of microplastic degradation development was proposed.
The relevant laws and regulations of cosmetics and ingredients was summarized,the compliance requirements of China's new cosmetic laws and regulations system for cosmetics and ingredients and some common problems in the implementation process was introduced,and compliance suggestions was put forward.
The cellular uptake,antioxidant and whitening efficacy of glycyrrhiza glabra extract/diglucosyl gallate/elongated seaweed extract was investigated on a transdermal co-delivery nanocarrier(Zhenyaobai).The average particle size was 42.2±1.4nm,the PDI was 0.189±0.007 and the zeta potential was-27.1±0.8mV.It inhibits the tyrosinase activity and melanin content of B16F10 cells and reduces the level of transcription of genes related to melanin synthesis,thereby reducing melanin production.The study shows that Zhenyaobai has good potential as a new whitening ingredient.
In response to the demand for sand stabilization system in the prevention and control of particle migration in Penglai oilfield,it was necessary to study a simple evaluation method that can quickly and accurately evaluate the sand stabilization effect,in order to achieve the initial screening purpose of the sand stabilization system.Taking the sand stabilization system commonly used in Bohai oilfield as the evaluation object,the sand stabilization effect of simple evaluation methods such as linear expansion rate method,centrifugal method,flocculation method,separatory funnel method and simple scouring method was evaluated,and compared with the dynamic simulation evaluation method that can simulate the whole process of formation production.The indoor experiment showed that the separatory funnel method has the shortest experiment time,which was 3h.The evaluation results was consistent with the dynamic simulation evaluation method,and can be used as a simple sand stabilization evaluation method for Penglai oilfield.This method was used to optimize the dosage of sand stabilizer WS-3.When the dosage of sand stabilizer was 800X 10-6,the sand production and leakage were both 0.Thirteen pilot experiments on sand stabilization and control were conducted in Bohai oilfield using the selected sand stabilizer WS-3.The application results showed that the sand control efficiency of the measure wells was 100％,with an average effective period of 20 months,further verifying the effectiveness of this method.The simplified evaluation method for the selected sand stabilization system was simple and effective,and can be used for rapid and preliminary screening of the sand stabilization system in the oilfield.
Through research on equipment operation and maintenance,corresponding management measures were proposed to improve equipment utilization and safety.
The synthesis and crystal structure of 1-(benzylsulfonyl)-4-methylbenzene was reported.In a dichloromethane solution,the target compound 1-(benzylsulfonyl)-4-methylbenzene was synthesized via oxidation reaction of benzyl(p-tolyl)sulfane in the presence of 3-chloroperbenzoic acid(m-CPBA).The product structure was characterized by ESI-MS and XRD single crystal diffraction.It was found that the yield was up to 87.5％when the solvent was dichloromethane and the dosage of m-CPBA acid was n(m-CPBA)∶n(benzyl(p-tolyl)sulfane1)=2.2∶1.
The current research and application status of photosensitive polyimide(PSPI)dielectrics with low copper(Cu)ions immigration for fan-out wafer level chip size packaging(FOWLP)applications have been reviewed.The property requirements of Cu-based redistributed layers(RDL)in FOWLP to the PSPI dielectrics,the applications of PSPI dielectrics in FOWLP packaging,and the current research and development(R&D)status of low Cu ions immigration types of PSPIs were mainly introduced.Emphatically,the R&D status,potential engineering applications,and future developing trends of the PSPIs containing external Cu anti-oxidants and Cu ions adsorbents were presented.
By analyzing the supply and demand of photoresist market in the world and China,the problems in the development of China's industry were summarized,and corresponding suggestions were proposed.By 2022,the scale of China's photoresist market has reached RMB 21.8 billion,with an estimated average annual growth rate of approximately 7％from 2022 to 2027.With the development of industries such as semiconductors,new display panels and printed circuit boards in China,domestic companies have made significant progress in the mid-to-lower-end photoresist market.However,domestic production of photoresist was mainly concentrated in low-end fields such as PCB photoresist.The Chinese photoresist industry has problems such as weak engineering capabilities,high supply chain risks,long product validation cycles,and a lack of professional talent teams.It was suggested to speed up the resolution of the innovative products technologies,establish an integrated platform,shorten the verification cycle,and accelerate the cultivation and introduction of professional talent teams.
The low hydrogen content silicone oil was prepared by blending high hydrogen content silicone oil with dimethylsiloxane(DMC)and hexamethyldisiloxane(MM),then reacts with the mixture of allyl polyether and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine to produce polyether-amino co-modified silicone oil.The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time and catalyst on product conversion were discussed.The results showed that the optimum conditions for adjusting the polymerization of low hydrogen content silicone oil were as follows:the reaction temperature was 55℃,the reaction time was 3h,the solid acid was the catalyst,and the amount of sealing agent was 1％～1.5％,and then reacts with allyl polyether and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine,at the reaction temperature of 90℃,reaction time of 2h,catalyst dosage of 20 mg/kg,molar ratio of(C=C bond+—OH)to Si—H bond of 1.1∶1,the expected modified silicone oil was obtained.When used as leveling agent in coatings,the test results of gloss,smoothness and freshness were better.
以丙烯酸十八酯(SA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的二元共聚物为基本体系,合成了对燃料油品和有机溶剂具有良好吸收能力的丙烯酸酯类高吸油树脂,研究了合成反应工艺条件对其吸油性能的影响.结果表明:对于SA和BA二元共聚体系,当SA和BA的物质的量为1∶0.88时,得到的共聚产物吸油能力最强,对汽油、煤油、柴油、苯和二甲苯的饱和吸收量均超过25mL/g.
