钛合金因其具有高的比强度、比刚度和良好的耐腐蚀性能,广泛应用于航空航天、汽车以及增材制造等领域.球形钛合金粉末是增材制造的核心原料,对3D打印产品的质量起着关键作用.目前增材制造用钛合金粉末的主要制备方法包括电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)、等离子旋转电极雾化法(PREP)和氢化脱氢—等离子球化联合法(HDH-PS)等,介绍这些制备方法的原理及研究现状,探究钛合金球形粉末制备技术的影响因素,进而展望增材制造用钛合金粉末技术未来的发展方向.
针对传统目标检测算法泛化能力弱、特征规则设计复杂、现有深度学习模型对干扰因素较多的红外图像检测效果较差的问题,设计和开发了基于红外成像技术的电解槽极板故障检测系统.根据电解过程极板的工作情况以及实际需求,提出了极板故障检测算法、红外图像畸变矫正算法,完成了系统数据库概要设计以及软件功能设计,开发了电解槽极板故障检测系统,实现了电解过程故障极板的准确识别与定位功能,提高了电解过程的电流效率.
从某医院分院(一期)配套工程感染楼项目的财政评审实例出发,总结了国有资金投资项目财政评审的基本流程,介绍了该项目在评审过程中遇到的重难点问题.结合评审原则和经验,评审人员应在做足前期调研与资料收集的基础上,加深对设计意图和功能的理解,从经济角度对设计进行优化,加强与项目单位的交流,在保证评审预算能满足项目功能需求、项目顺利实施的基础上,使国有资金得到有效地管控.
我国企业在国际EPC总承包领域快速拓展的同时,也存在着重要的风险.基于国际EPC项目的特点,以国内某以设计为主体的工程公司为例,结合具体的海外项目实践经验对该公司海外EPC项目所面临的风险进行了基本的识别和分类,并利用规避、转移、减轻和接受等风险应对策略,针对性探讨了国际EPC工程总承包项目的风险应对措施.
针对某复杂自然冷却铜炉渣的原料性质,进行了一系列选矿小型试验和闭路试验研究,分别对碎磨工艺、选别工艺、脱水工艺流程及设备选型进行了分析.研究表明,该原料整体粒度偏细,硫化铜和自然铜的嵌布粒度细且不均匀,且在-0.038 mm粒级下仍有 24％的铜未解离,因此该项目选用单段半自磨流程,并通过阶段磨矿、阶段选别工艺回收铜,在原料含铜 1.5％的情况下,经选别后得到含铜品位 20％的渣精矿,回收率75％,尾矿含铜品位 0.4％.
针对某稀贵厂 2021 年金银直收率与综合回收率存在较大差距的问题,对该厂各金属回收现状进行了分析研究.研究发现,该厂所产出的铅铋合金中Au、Ag含量较高,因此有必要精炼铅铋合金,提取其中的Au、Ag.经过试验对比分析认为,采用真空蒸馏工艺精炼铅铋合金综合优势较明显,可新增效益约 791 万元;采用湿法工艺处理碲化亚铜产品制备二氧化碲,可新增利润 260 万元,还能减轻产品储藏、外售、转运监管安全风险.
介绍了合理处置和回收电子废弃物的重要性,为实现对电子废弃物这类宝贵的二次资源的绿色处理和高效回收,提出了一种新型的电子废弃物闪速熔炼工艺.介绍了该工艺运输与配料、闪速冶炼与还原、熔炼烟气处理等工艺流程,并针对熔池侧吹、渣中铁氧化物的还原控制、二次燃烧、渣型选择等关键技术进行了探讨.
为充分回收利用分银渣中的有价金属,针对某冶炼厂稀贵金属车间采用"半湿法—回转窑"工艺处理铜阳极泥所产生的分银渣进行了有价金属综合回收试验,分别对试验的熔浸、氧化、沉淀、造贵铅等 4 个阶段进行研究.研究成果发现:熔浸阶段当分银渣、片碱、硫化钠的质量配比为 1∶0.5∶0.6 时,金属锑和锡的浸出率分别达到 99％和 93％以上;采用质量分数为 10％的H2O2,且其用量为理论值的 3 倍,反应时间为 2h进行氧化反应时,锑的沉淀率达到 99.27％,产品粗锑酸钠含锑达到 45.9％;利用石灰可以使锡以钙盐的形式沉淀,锡的沉淀率达到 92.97％,沉淀产物为粗锡酸钙;在造贵铅试验中,片碱与滤渣的质量配比为 0.4∶1 时,有价金属的回收率均可达到 98％以上.
从自主创新的冶炼工艺、冶炼工厂的智能化建设和生产管理的细部优化、生产环境清洁无尘三个方面介绍了金昌冶炼厂奥炉改造项目的自主创新建设与生产的亮点.为适应生产需要,该项目自主研发了顶吹炉直排冰铜工艺,优化了喷枪结构,集成创新了余热锅炉及配套设施;同时应用抓斗行车智能化系统、冶金数值模拟国产化系统和成分化验在线化系统,提升了工厂的智能化建设程度.通过对备料工段精简设计、对堰口U型水套和堰口铜溜槽的结构优化,以及无尘化运输、楼面自动清扫等各项清洁生产措施的实施,使该厂奥炉改造项目实现了清洁、高效的生产模式.
对影响赤泥沉降工序的混合效率、沉降槽底流固含、洗水量、滤饼含水率、赤泥压滤液及细种子苛化液加入点等工艺指标分别进行计算,分析识别影响沉降工序处理能力因素.研究发现,分离及洗涤沉降槽底液液固比降低、混合效率提高、滤饼含水率降低、洗水量增加,都能够使赤泥的碱附损量降低.因此,可通过改进沉降槽、静态混合器、压滤机等来进一步优化生产指标;同时,赤泥压滤液及细种子苛化液的最佳加入点应为矿浆碱浓度高于且最接近洗水浓度的那一级沉降槽.
为了优化某个急倾斜薄矿脉钨矿山的采矿方法,采用KLEE法对其采矿方法的选择进行了研究.通过查阅资料,结合类似矿山的采矿经验,完成了采矿方法的初选,然后利用KLEE法把定性分析转化为定量计算,得出各评价指标的重要度wi,最终确定出各个采矿方法的最终得分,分值最高的采矿方法即该矿山最合适的采矿方法.经过计算确认,得出上向水平分层采矿法为该矿最合适采矿方法,与传统的采矿方法选择结果一致.
阳极炉烟气高温、含尘且具有腐蚀性,从二次燃烧室远距离输送至余热锅炉具有一定的困难和复杂性.以浙江某铜冶炼厂改造阳极炉为例,对阳极炉烟气远距离输送管道的材料选择、设计推导过程进行了研究,设计了一款高温冶炼烟气输送管道.本设计烟管通过在管内分段设置焊接环状挡板,在挡板间充填保温隔热层、耐火耐磨层的方案,低成本、高效率地解决了高温烟气远距离输送问题.
针对传统搅拌浸出装备存在的缺陷,深入研究了铜钴协同浸出机理,研发了一系列新型搅拌浸出成套装备,包括新型搅拌浸出槽气体分散装置、浸出槽搅拌轴水封装置、搅拌浸出槽用浓酸稀释装置、兼有稳流和提升作用的搅拌浸出槽,并创新采用多台大型浸出槽串联模式.实践表明,该成套装备SO2 气体的利用率同比提升了 15％以上,铜浸出率可达 95％～97％,钴浸出率达 85％,还解决了SO2 气体外逸污染环境问题和浓硫酸添加稀释不当对浸出槽边壁损坏的问题,实现了多台大型浸出槽高效串联协同工作.
针对某企业蒸汽干燥机盘管寿命偏短的情况,对盘管的失效原因进行了分析.分析认为,盘管失效的主要形式表现为表面磨粒磨损,同时在高温、高湿的环境下,还存在一定的稀酸溶液对盘管的不锈钢材质造成腐蚀作用.可以通过中间物料破碎工艺,降低磨料的颗粒度,以及采用表面激光熔覆的方式在盘管硬料面增加耐磨材质提升盘管寿命.经过工艺比选,最终选择铁基粉末作为覆层耐磨材料,性价比更好,盘管寿命可提升至 3 年.
The circulation and enrichment of harmful elements such as zinc, lead and alkali metals in the recycling of metallurgical dust and sludge is common, which affects the sintering permeability and pellet quality, as well as the successful operation of blast furnace and the service life of refractory materials, and increases energy consumption. Therefore, the elements should be removed. The zinc removal rate of the rotary hearth furnace process is about 90%, and the comprehensive removal rate of alkali metal is 60%～70%. Meanwhile, the metallized pellets, coarse zinc powder and vapor are recycled to realize the comprehensive utilization of valuable elements such as iron, carbon, zinc, etc. The return on investment is considerable. The test shows that the ash chlorine removal rate of blast furnace bag is about 95%, the potassium removal rate is about 83%, and the removal rates of potassium, sodium and chlorine at the sintering machine head ash are above 90% by using the water scrubbing process. After water scrubbing, the grade of the coarse zinc powder of the rotary hearth furnace can be raised from 16% to more than 45%. The KCl product can also be extracted from the filtrate by evaporation crystallization and purification, with significant economic benefits.
The paper analyzes the planning concept and layout of Gansu industrial waste recycling and harmless disposal project in detail. In order to satisfy the planning and layout requirements and ensure the realization of process functions, the project has reasonably planned four functional areas, including production area, production auxiliary area, storage area and production management area, and formed a “three-horizontal and five-vertical” in-plant trunk road network by using the grid layout. At the same time, the vertical planning of the plant has been completed by using the natural terrain conditions of the site. The project fully embodies the design features of collaboration, intelligence, and process first in the planning and design by applying UAV survey technology, implementing cleaner production system, and building plant digital system, thus laying a good foundation for the realization of an ecological, environmental, safe, and efficient “green plant”.
The establishment of the entrance and exit of urban expressway is one of the important factors that affect the operating efficiency of urban expressway. Taking the detailed traffic planning of Pingxiang Avenue as an example, this paper introduces the design philosophy, significance and conventional combination forms of the entrance and exit of the expressway, and analyzes the overall design idea of the entrance and exit of the expressway. In view of the characteristics of Pingxiang Avenue, such as high density of road network, short distance of intersection roads, and large number of entrances and exits in the zone, the needs for efficient operation of the expressway can be satisfied by flexible use of the combination of entrances and exits, additional collection-distributed lanes outside the road, and special layout of entrances and exits by using “scissors difference” form.
There exists temperature abnormality during the CF copper blow period in 2021 in Zijin Copper. According to the obvious signs such as large slag yield, thick residual slag layer during copper blow and heat balance calculation, it is believed that the reason for abnormal temperature is that the covering of thick slag layer hinders the heat dissipation of gas, thus breaking the normal heat balance in the furnace. According to this conclusion, this paper focuses on the analysis of CF slag blow, and puts forward the solutions to reduce the content of ferric oxide in slag by adjusting the CF slag type and improving the matte quality, and avoid the occurrence of sticking slag.
According to the discussion on the key integration technology based on oblique photography measuring and airborne Li DAR point cloud data, the paper makes a detailed analysis and provides the specific application requirements and scenarios of“absolute coordinate method” and “manual control point method” in detail. The oblique photography and airborne Li DAR scanning and integration processing are carried out with the help of a building with special-shaped structure as a test case. The results show that the real-scene model after integration is superior to the model before integration in terms of resolution, refinement and structural integrity. In terms of accuracy, the model after integration has been greatly improved in terms of error of plane point location and elevation, and the elevation accuracy has been significantly improved compared with the plane accuracy, which has achieved good test results. The integration scheme can also be a reference for similar modeling operation.
According to the characteristics of power supply and distribution of Myanmar Monyuwa Letpadaung Copper Project,such as large floor area, large and distributed power supply load and high control requirement, the paper introduces the configuration of power supply and distribution system of the project. The project improves the voltage level of the main power supply network,ensures good power quality and reduces voltage drop by establishing one 230/33 kV main step-down substation, five 33/10 kV substations, ten 10 kV power distribution stations and dozens of 10/0.4 kV low-voltage substations. Meanwhile, the project ensures the safety, reliability, environmental protection and energy conservation of the power supply and distribution system by using the overhead layout of the line, as well as the application of integrated power automation system and solar lighting facilities.
