The article presents the results of a study on the influence of the assortment of carrot varieties and hybrids on the expression of phenological traits in table carrots. Carrot is an important vegetable root crop with diverse uses, belonging to the so-called «borsch group». It is characterized by versatility and provides stable marketing channels for agricultural producers. Carrots are grown for fresh consumption as well as for processing, including freezing and heat treatment. The research was conducted during 2023–2025 on the experimental field of the LLC «Organic-D» on gray light loamy soils in open-field conditions. The total area of the experimental plot was 0.45 ha, while the accounting area was 25 m2 for each variant. The study included common carrot hybrids Bolivar F1, Canada F1, Olimpo F1, and Charisma F1, as well as the varieties Kampino, Carlena, Chantenay, and Yaskrava. The control variants were the Bolivar F1 hybrid and the Carlena variety, respectively. It was established that the duration of interphase periods and the overall vegetative period are largely determined by the genetic characteristics of carrot varieties and hybrids. In the experiment, the vegetative period ranged from 119 to 124 days. In the control variants, it was 119 days for both the Bolivar F1 hybrid and the Carlena variety. The longest period was observed in the Canada F1 hybrid – 121 days, and in the Chantenay Red Heart variety – 124 days, exceeding the control values by 2-5 days. The duration of the «sowing to full emergence» period in the studied carrot varieties and hybrids ranged from 31 to 34 days, the «full emergence to first leaf formation» period – 3-4 days, while the «first leaf to full leaf rosette formation» period ranged from 15 to 17 days. The «leaf rosette formation to the beginning of root formation» period in the studied carrot varieties and hybrids ranged from 13 to 15 days and was strongly determined by the genetic traits of each specific form. The duration of the interphase period «root formation to technical maturity» was 86-91 days. In the studied hybrids, it ranged from 86 to 87 days, whereas in the varieties it ranged from 86 to 91 days, on average exceeding the hybrid values by 1-5 days. The obtained results confirm the importance of selecting appropriate carrot varieties and hybrids to achieve the maximum root crop productivity across different maturity periods.
Resistance of winter wheat varieties to biotic and abiotic factors is one of the key determinants of stable yield formation and high seed quality. Agronomic practices such as predecessors and sowing dates significantly affect the manifestation of plant resistance. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of predecessors and sowing dates on the resistance of winter wheat varieties to major diseases and adverse environmental factors under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Field experiments were conducted during 2022–2025 in the Bila Tserkva district of Kyiv region. The studied varieties included AFK Stability, AFK Light Green, AFK Elite Grain, AFK Fantasy, AFK Union, AFK Premium, MIP Feieriia, MIP Roksolana and Podolianka (standard). Three sowing dates (September 20, September 30 and October 10) and four predecessors (pea, soybean, sunflower and winter rapeseed) were studied. The experiment was arranged in a randomized design with four replications. The results showed that the resistance of winter wheat plants to diseases and environmental stresses significantly depended on the interaction between varietal characteristics and agronomic factors. Higher resistance to powdery mildew, brown rust and Fusarium head blight was observed in the varieties AFK Elite Grain, AFK Premium and MIP Feieriia. The lowest disease development was recorded after pea as a predecessor and at early sowing dates. Winter hardiness, drought resistance and lodging resistance also varied depending on agronomic conditions. The highest winter hardiness was observed when sowing on September 20 and 30 after pea and rapeseed. Sunflower as a predecessor resulted in a decrease in most resistance indicators. The obtained results confirm the importance of optimal combination of varietal characteristics, predecessors and sowing dates for improving the adaptability of winter wheat plants. The use of resistant varieties combined with optimal cultivation practices contributes to stable grain and seed production.
Systemic biofortification in tomato cultivation under plastic greenhouses has been substantiated as significant both in terms of ensuring high nutritional quality of the harvested crop and as a corrective strategy for applying this innovative technology within general vegetable quality management processes. It has been determined that the main biofortification technologies in vegetable production are based on the use of selected micronutrients, which, due to their specific action, ensure a stable positive effect both on improving the micronutrient composition of tomato fruits and on enhancing other quality indicators important for direct consumption or further technological processing of the harvested crop. It has been determined that studying the effectiveness of applying a комплекс of chelated micronutrient fertilizers, considered as potential biofortifying agents in tomato cultivation technologies, is a relevant objective in vegetable production, with the ultimate goal not only of significantly stabilizing and increasing crop yield, but also of developing adaptive cultivation technologies. The study presents the results of applying micronutrient fertilizers in the form of foliar feeding at different phenological stages during the cultivation of an indeterminate tomato hybrid of the Porpora type, and their influence on yield formation and nutritional characteristics of greenhouse-grown products. The research was conducted using the greenhouse facilities of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnologies and Environmental Management of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, employing standard methods accepted in protected vegetable production, as well as the capacities of a certified and accredited laboratory in the Vinnytsia region to ensure reliable assessment of the quality and biochemical structure of the harvested crop depending on the experimental treatments. The influence of micronutrient fertilizers applied at different timings on the formation and realization of the yield potential of the tomato hybrid was determined. The marketability of the harvested crop was evaluated, and conclusions were drawn regarding the technological feasibility of the studied nutritional optimization measures for tomatoes grown in commonly used plastic greenhouses in Ukraine. Based on laboratory protocols for determining the chemical composition of tomato fruits – such as dry matter content, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, mono- and disaccharides, and total micronutrient content – the effectiveness of the biofortification approach using foliar application of specific micronutrient fertilizers was analyzed. The most optimal technological options for foliar nutrition of indeterminate tomato hybrids were identified to achieve the best combination of high yield and quality of the produced crop.
The article summarizes current approaches to the practical use of paulownia (Paulownia sp., Oxytree) as an element of climate-adaptive agroforestry systems. The aim of the work is to assess the prospects for integrating paulownia into the structure of agricultural landscapes and to determine its potential role in increasing the ecological stability and productivity of agroecosystems under conditions of increasing climate risks (drought, uneven precipitation, erosion processes). The methodological basis was the analysis and systematization of literary sources, a comparative analysis of the biological, ecological, and economic characteristics of Paulownia spp., and an assessment of the possibilities for using the species in tree-field, agroforestry, and bioenergy schemes. The key properties that determine the suitability of paulownia for agroforestry plantations are considered: high growth rates at a young age, intensive biomass accumulation, the ability to regrow after cutting (important for short-rotation plantations), as well as the potential for the formation of microclimatic and anti-erosion effects as part of field protection plantations. Special attention is paid to the technological prerequisites for effective cultivation: light-loving, dependence of productivity on moisture supply, requirements for soil conditions (preference for well-drained soils), the feasibility of optimizing planting schemes (4×4, 5×5 m or wider row spacing) for combination with growing crops in the row spacing and ensuring mechanized care. The efficiency of using paulownia varies significantly depending on the species or clone and the cultivation technology (feeding, irrigation, shaping), and also requires consideration of limitations (frost risks, sensitivity to moisture deficiency) and biosecurity aspects, in particular the invasive potential of individual taxa in certain regions. The integration of Paulownia sp. (Oxytree) into climate-adaptive agroforestry systems can optimize the use of land resources, increase the ecological stability of agrolandscapes and form an additional source of wood biomass and wood products, provided that the implementation is controlled and scientifically sound.
The article presents the results of a long-term study on the adaptive and productive potential of tomato varieties and hybrids under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to evaluate yield performance, ecological plasticity, stability, and breeding value of genotypes, as well as to develop a scientifically substantiated model of a variety/hybrid suitable for modern cultivation conditions. The objects of the study included Ukrainian-bred varieties (Lahidnyi – control, Anita, Aisan, Heizer, Liubymyi, Myroliubivskyi, Oberih, Khoriv) and hybrids (Vulkan, Daruna, Klasik), which were investigated during 2018–2020 and 2023–2025. It was established that the main limiting factor of productivity was moisture deficiency under conditions of significant interannual variability in precipitation. The most favorable years for yield formation were 2023 and 2025, when average yields reached 57.82–70.40 t/ha. The highest productivity was demonstrated by the varieties Khoriv (63.5 t/ha), Liubymyi (61.5 t/ha), and the hybrids Vulkan (64.7 t/ha) and Klasik (59.9 t/ha), which significantly exceeded the control. Based on adaptability parameters (σ²d, bi, KAA, Hom), genotypes with high ecological plasticity and stability were identified, namely Khoriv, Liubymyi, Heizer, Vulkan, Klasik, and Daruna. These genotypes are characterized by a wide reaction norm, the ability to effectively realize their genetic potential under variable environmental conditions, and stable yield formation. It was found that highly productive genotypes exhibit an intensive type of adaptability, while some forms demonstrate stabilizing adaptation. Based on the obtained results, a model of a tomato variety and hybrid was developed, which предусматриє the optimization of morphological and economically valuable traits using regression relationships between plant structural elements. The proposed models ensure yield formation at the level of 55–60 t/ha and higher, improve fruit quality, and increase resource-use efficiency. The research findings have practical significance for breeding and production, as they allow recommending high-yielding and adaptive genotypes for different growing conditions and substantiate directions for further improvement of breeding programs.
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of seed sowing rates on the formation of general and productive bushiness of crops, as well as on the level of winter triticale grain yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The following methods were used in the study: general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation), accounting, laboratory and statistical data analysis, field research. As a result of field research, it was found that the seed sowing rate of winter triticale seeds of the Bozhych variety in the amount of 3.5, 4.5 and 6.0 million pcs./ha did not affect its field germination, the passage of autumn stages of organogenesis and the level of plant overwintering. During the period of spring tillering of plants, 345 shoots were additionally formed and their average number in the experiment was 1019 pcs./m2. The maximum value of this indicator was 1154 pcs./m2, which was when sowing 6.0 million seeds per 1 ha. At the sowing rate of 3.5 million similar seeds per 1 ha, the largest number of productive stems was formed, 2.2 pcs. per plant, which is one productive stem more than when sowing 6.0 million similar seeds per 1 ha. At the same time, when sowing 6.0 million similar seeds per 1 ha, the number of productive stems was the largest per unit area and amounted to 592 pcs./m2. The maximum grain weight from one ear was 1.38 g when sowing 3.5 million similar seeds/ha. At the same time, winter triticale crops with higher productivity of a single plant when sowing 3.5 million similar seeds per 1 ha were inferior in productivity to crops formed when sowing 6.0 million similar seeds per 1 ha. In the context of increasing risks of natural and technogenic origin in the agrocenoses of the grain field of the unstable moisture zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, an attempt to increase the productivity of winter triticale sowing by increasing the number of productive stems due to a decrease in the seed sowing rate is risky and not always impractical.
Objective. To develop a general model for soybean varieties and to determine the value of agronomic traits and the correlations between them. Methods. Field experiments were conducted during 2022–2024 in the breeding rotation of the “Hryga” Farm (Poltava region). The research focused on new Ukrainian soybean varieties developed in Poltava. Results. The developed model and comprehensive analysis of the morphogenetic and generative parameters of soybean varieties allowed us to establish a comprehensive system of patterns determining the formation of their productivity. It was found that the vegetative set of traits-plant height, number of branches, and number of nodes-forms the foundation of productivity. The generative block is characterized by a high degree of correlational order: the number of pods is almost linearly dependent on the number of nodes, and the number of seeds is dependent on the number of pods. It has been determined that, for all varieties, seed formation is determined by the number of seeds. Correlations between the number of seeds and seed weight reach values of r = 0.85–1.00, which underscores the dominance of the extensive production pathway. The yield of varieties is characterized by an extremely high dependence on seed weight per plant (r = 0.87–0.98). This pattern confirms that the internal structure of productivity functions effectively, and individual plant productivity is almost entirely transformed into crop yield. The varieties proved to be less variable in morphogenesis, but at the same time demonstrate uneven correlation clarity and intensity of generative development. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to characterize promising varieties, predict their adaptability to environmental conditions, and assess the relationship between traits in crop yield formation.
