Ultra-long organic phosphorescent materials, also known as organic long afterglow materials, have the advantages of rich excited state properties, low price and easy to synthesize, good flexibility, ultra-long luminescence lifetime. After the fluorescence decay of the background, the collection of the remaining light can effectively eliminate the background light interference. Based on this, a lateral flow immunochromatographic detection platform based on ultra-long organic phosphorescent nanoprobes (UOP-LFIAs) was constructed in this paper. Firstly, long afterglow crystals were prepared and synthesized, and then the long afterglow solution was obtained by one-step coating polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxymethyl cellulose on the surface. Next, it was coupled with antibodies to obtain ultra-long organic afterglow phosphorescent nanoprobes. A portable UOP-LFIAs test strip detection analyzer was then designed and produced again. Finally, pepsinogen (PG) I and II were detected using a portable long afterglow immunochromatographic detection device. The results showed that the detection limits were 0.36 ng/mL and 0.57 ng/mL for PG I and PG II, and the detection ranges were 0.36-1200 ng/mL and 0.57-500 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were 101.30 % and 99.30 %, respectively. The UOP-LFIAs assay platform established in this study is not only simple, rapid, cost-effective and macro-preparation, but also can effectively reduce the interference of background light signal and improve the phosphorescence efficiency, thus improving the detection sensitivity. In addition, the platform realizes the combined detection of PG I and PG II, and the results can be obtained quickly in only 5 min. It provides a powerful disease detection platform for bedside testing.
Aiming at the problems of time-consuming and low diagnosis accuracy during the unsupervised training process of traditional DBN, an analog circuit fault diagnosis method based on Improved Multi-Objective Dragonfly Optimized Deep Belief Network (IMODA-ADBN) is proposed. The method employs an improved MODA algorithm instead of the BP algorithm, which improves the classification accuracy of the network and ameliorates the problem of being prone to falling into local optima. The algorithm is tested on three multi-objective mathematical benchmark problems and compared with three well-known meta-heuristic optimization algorithms such as MODA, MOPSO and NSGA-II, and the results demonstrate the stability of the IMODA-ADBN network model. Finally, IMODA-ADBN is applied to the diagnostic experiments of a two-stage quad op-amp dual second-order low-pass filter, and the results show that the method improves the classification accuracy and diagnostic rate while guaranteeing the convergence speed, and is able to effectively realize the classification and localization of difficult faults.
The deterioration of dual-function performance and increased complexity of communication receivers challenge the efficiency of dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) system based on linear frequency modulation (LFM). This paper designs a delayed jump mapping LFM (DJM-LFM) waveform-based DFRC system. The frequency delay jumps are generated at the specific points in the LFM cycle to modulate data. After carrier mixing and undersampling, the communication receiver realizes dechirp in the digital domain, to reduce the performance requirements of the coherent signal generation and sampling. In the radar processing link, we propose the breakpoint area deletion and concatenation (BADC) scheme, making the radar performance of DFRC consistent with that of unmodulated frequency modulated continuous wave radar (FMCW). The simulation results show that, compared with the scheme without compensation, the BADC scheme reduces the sidelobe amplitude of the range domain profile by about 38 dB. DJM-LFM reduces the symbol error rate of 2 dB compared with existing DFRC schemes based on the LFM waveform.
Existing deep learning (DL)-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship instance segmentation models mostly extract feature subsets at the single level of feature pyramid network (FPN), and also ignore context information of the region of interest (ROI), which both hinder accuracy improvements. Thus, a full-level context squeeze-and-excitation ROI extractor (FL-CSE-ROIE) is proposed to handle these problems. FL-CSE-ROIE has three novelties: 1) full-level, i.e., extract feature subsets at each level of FPN to retain multi-scale features; 2) context, i.e., add multi-context surroundings of different scopes to ROIs to ease background interferences; and 3) squeeze-and-excitation (SE), i.e., balance contributions of different scope contexts to highlight valuable features and suppress useless ones. FL-CSE-ROIE is applied to the fashionable hybrid task cascade (HTC) model. Results on two open SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD) and high-resolution SAR images dataset (HRSID) confirm its effectiveness. Moreover, another two improvements to HTC are also proposed to enhance accuracy further: 1) the raw deconv is replaced with a content-aware reassembly of features block (CARAFEB) to enable larger receptive fields and 2) the raw $1\times1$ conv for the mask information interaction is replaced with a global feature self-attention block (GFSAB) to enhance interaction benefits. Finally, FL-CSE-ROIE surpasses the other nine advanced models, better than the suboptimal model by 2.4%/2.3% detection average precision (AP) and 3.0%/2.5% segmentation AP on SSDD/HRSID.
[目的/意义]依托产业数字化和产业组织理论,挖掘产业基础的协同关系与协同机理,为我国深入推进产业基础再造提供理论启示.[设计/方法]采用定性分析法,在对产业基础和产业基础再造进行探讨的基础上,梳理产业基础再造的协同关系,阐释产业基础再造的协同机理.[结论/发现]产业基础是由相互关联、相互制约的各类主体形成的一个复杂系统.对产业基础实施再造,意味着要站在顶层设计的高度,重新梳理企业之间的关系,夯实产业底层结构.数字经济背景下,产业基础再造的协同关系表现为复杂系统化和组织协同化,产业基础再造的协同机理表现为五个方面,分别是以产业链为纽带、以企业为主体、以融合创新为动力、以产业集群为抓手、以质量提升为保障.
[目的/意义]解决考虑保鲜努力和企业社会责任的生鲜双渠道供应链决策和协调问题,对供应链成员的最优保鲜努力水平、企业社会责任投入水平以及成员间的利润分配具有指导意义.[设计/方法]研究一个供应商和一个开通线上线下双渠道的零售商构成的二级生鲜供应链在不同决策模型中的保鲜努力和企业社会责任(CSR)投入决策,以及设计了"两部定价"契约实现对供应链的协调,并通过数值算例进行了验证分析.[结论/发现]研究发现:消费者对保鲜努力水平的敏感程度与供应链中各决策变量、市场需求及企业利润(效用)正相关;随着零售商承担CSR强度的增强,产品的线上售价显著降低,但产品的线下售价、供应商的保鲜努力水平和供应链的综合效益会显著提高;"两部定价"契约可以实现供应链的协调和各成员利润(或效用)的Pareto改进.
[目的/意义]企业集团满足了专业化分工与规模经济的发展需求,促进了商业形态的演进,已经成为推动现代经济发展的中坚力量.企业集团的多元化发展深刻影响了我国公司制度的发展进程,其规则的构建有利于提升集团治理诉讼的司法回应能力,进而推动整个法律体系的制度创新与变革.[设计/方法]通过阐释企业集团的发展演进,参考其他国家或地区集团立法模式的体系设计,权衡我国企业集团规制的立法得失,立足于我国企业集团治理的特色及困境,针对中小股东和债权人权益保护的难题,致力于研究我国企业集团的公司法规制进路.[结论/发现]在《公司法》修改的重大时刻,应当贯彻企业集团概念法定、类型法定、规制内容法定、责任法定和治理规则法定的原则,以构筑多群体利益平衡的现代企业集团制度.
[目的/意义]将校史融入高校课程思政能创新思政教育,会取得入脑入心的育人成效.[设计/方法]以电子科技大学校史融入戏剧鉴赏课程的经验为例,从建设要求、培养模式、发展需要三个方面探讨高校戏剧鉴赏课程思政为何需要改革,及其在教师主体、教学实践与课程设计等方面面临的现实困境.[结论/发现]为培养坚定"四个自信"、三观正确、全面发展的高质量时代新人,需要增强教师的课程思政意识与戏剧思政协同育人的理念,发挥学生在戏剧鉴赏课程思政中的主体作用,将校史思政元素贯穿戏剧鉴赏课程教学全过程.
[目的/意义]城市群发展战略有助于城市间的产业合作、优势互补;但城市群的集聚也容易使经济发展对自然环境造成的影响愈发严重,因此,探索出一条符合国情发展需要,兼顾经济与环境的发展之路尤为重要.[设计/方法]以长三角城市群为研究对象,基于2016～2020年的月度面板数据分析经济协调会对于区域城市群大气治理绩效的影响.[结论/发现]首先,经济协调会在发挥城市群大气污染的协同改善作用有限,且对不同指标的改善效果各异.具体而言,协调会显著改善了加入城市空气污染物中的PM2.5、PM10、NO2等指标,但加重了O3污染,且加剧污染效果随时间延长而加强.其次,尽管城市群大气污染具有流动性和溢出效应,但实证结果表明,周边区域城市的大气质量对于协调会成员城市的大气污染影响是有限的.
[目的/意义]近年来,短视频版权侵权问题日益凸显.短视频平台义务范围的确定既是理论界和实务界争论的焦点,也是治理短视频侵权问题的关键着力点.[设计/方法]总结归纳理论界和实务界就短视频平台义务范围的争论焦点,并在此基础上对短视频平台的义务范围进行重新界定.[结论/发现]就主动审查义务,应要求平台运用版权过滤技术对用户上传的短视频进行主动筛查,但须就义务的履行方式、条件等进行调适以缓解技术的局限性和成本问题.就通知审核义务,应要求平台对通知内容进行实质性审查,对二创短视频的合理使用情形进行着重审查.就事后保障义务,应规定平台须采取必要措施防止重复侵权,并根据具体情形界定必要措施的范畴.
[目的/意义]"双碳"目标下准确测算我国内资和外资企业的碳排放及其驱动因素,有助于合理界定我国的碳排放责任和实现外资与环境的共赢发展.[设计/方法]基于经济合作与发展组织发布的跨国企业活动数据库,运用多区域投入产出模型及结构分解法对中国内资与外资企业碳排放进行了测算和分解.[结论/发现]研究期间我国10％～15％碳排放来源于外资企业,生产责任原则高估了中国的碳排放责任;外资进入对我国内资企业碳排放的拉动效应不显著;高碳行业煤炭消耗碳排系数下降显著抑制了内外资企业碳排放的增加;国内内资最终品需求和外资最终品出口显著促进了内外资企业碳排放的上升.总之,清晰界定我国的碳排放责任,促进内资与外资企业碳减排合作和降低煤炭为主的化石能源消耗是实现"双碳"目标的有效途径.
[目的/意义]随着经济发展进入数字化趋势,以大数据、云计算、物联网为代表的数字经济驱动着经济社会的深度变革,并带来新的经济增长点和行业产业发展格局的改变.[设计/方法]本文利用CMES数据库,基于寻租与信息不对称理论,研究了数字化经营对小微企业生存能力的影响及机制.[结论/发现]以产品竞争力和传承意愿衡量小微企业生存能力的实证研究发现,数字化经营具有提升小微企业生存能力的积极作用.中介机制分析表明,数字化经营显著减少了小微企业的寻租行为.异质性分析表明,数字化经营对小微企业生存能力的正向影响主要发生在政府信息透明度较低的地区,进一步验证了数字化经营对减少寻租的作用.
[目的/意义]课程思政是高等学校教学实施的重要工作,也是教师课程教学的重要任务.在新工科建设背景下,课程思政、新工科、创新创业能够形成合力.[设计/方法]本文以电子科技大学创业管理课程的课程思政实践为例,通过对课程思政的教学目标、体系设计、元素挖掘以及教学实施梳理总结,对课程思政与新工科建设、创新创业教育的关系进行分析.[结论/发现]研究提出新工科建设、创新创业教育、课程思政之间的三位一体观,三者相互融合促进,共同服务于立德树人目标,并有机统一内化到课程设计和具体教学过程中.在三位一体观的框架下,对课程思政教学提出了新的思考.
[目的/意义]在创新产品的闭环供应链中,研究制造商分担回收成本对创新产品的扩散的影响,以期寻找创新产品进入市场后的批发价格、零售价格及回收商的回收努力的最优路径和制造商最优的成本分担比例.[设计/方法]使用Bass模型刻画创新产品进入市场后需求量的变化路径,利用微分博弈和最优控制理论进行求解,分析了不同市场情形和回收成本分担对供应链的影响.[结论/发现]在消费偏好系数和模仿系数较低的市场情形下,通过广告努力提高消费偏好系数和模仿系数能获得较高的收益,且制造商需要承担较高的回收成本来获得最大利润;而在偏好系数和模仿系数较高的市场情形下,通过广告努力提高消费偏好系数和模仿系数的边际效益较小,但制造商的最优回收成本分担比例相对较低,且制造商、零售商及供应链的利润会相对更高.闭环供应链中的决策要比开环供应链的决策更复杂,制造商分担回收努力成本能提高供应链上所有参与者的利润,且在各种市场情形下都存在一个制造商最优的成本分担比例.
[目的/意义]分析预测成渝地区双城经济圈及44个市(区县)在2030年实现碳达峰的前景,为区域碳达峰提供建议.[设计/方法]采用LMDI分解法识别成渝地区碳排放的关键因素及重点区域;在此基础上,采用多情景分析和蒙特卡洛模拟对成渝地区及各市(区县)2020～2035年的碳排放量进行静态和动态模拟,测算演化路径与达峰概率.[结论/发现]静态模拟下成渝地区的碳排放仅在极低碳情景和低碳情景下可在2030年前达峰,动态模拟下的达峰概率为32.8％.绵阳市、遂宁市和眉山市等36个市(区县)在静态与动态模拟下均能在2030年前实现碳达峰;成都市、自贡市、泸州市等其他8个市(区县)在静态模拟的特定情景下无法实现碳达峰,在动态模拟下,成都市、泸州市、宜宾市和雅安市依然难以实现碳达峰目标,而南充市、自贡市、德阳市及乐山市的达峰概率分别为85.7％、55.42％、58.9％及20.4％.
[目的/意义]近几十年来,地方政府创新已成为国内外公共管理研究中最重要的主题之一,但是已有研究大多局限于具体的创新案例(Government Innovation),难以解释组织层面的政府创新性(Government Innovativeness),即地方政府倾向采纳创新的程度.[设计/方法]本文主要贡献在于提出中国地方政府创新性这一新的概念与结果变量,并通过构建理论分析框架、提出系列假设、设计组织层面的综合性测量指标,对2000～2019年中国280个地级市面板数据开展分析.[结论/发现]相较于行政首长个体层面因素,区域层面因素对地方政府创新性影响更大.此外,各类外部或内部因素的作用会随时段、区域和所在省份创新性高低的变化而变化.
We consider two-stage hybrid protocols that combine quantum resources and classical resources to generate classical correlations shared by two separated players. Our motivation is twofold. First, in the near future, the scale of quantum information processing is quite limited, and when quantum resource available is not sufficient for certain tasks, a possible way to strengthen the capability of quantum schemes is introducing extra classical resources. We analyze the mathematical structures of these hybrid protocols, and characterize the relation between the amount of quantum resources and classical resources needed. Second, a fundamental open problem in communication complexity theory is to describe the advantage of sharing prior quantum entanglement over sharing prior randomness, which is still widely open. It turns out that our quantum and classical hybrid protocols provide new insight into this important problem.
宽带隙红外光谱响应由于其在硅基光电探测器中的潜在应用而受到了广泛关注.利用离子注入和飞秒脉冲激光制备了一系列掺杂硅基光电二极管,并研究了硫掺杂硅基材料及器件后的宽带隙红外光谱响应特性.结果发现,PN型光电二极管在近红外和中红外光谱区域内表现出几个典型的光响应特征峰值.这几个特征峰对应于不同的子带隙光响应特征的起始能量,与硅带隙内掺杂硫的活性能级一致.这种光谱响应拓宽技术为制造低成本宽带隙硅光电探测器提供了有力的参考方案.
包覆药通常被嵌入固体火箭或导弹发动机的动力系统中,其外观质量直接影响该类动力系统的性能表现.针对包覆药外观存在的形状、尺寸和表面缺陷,提出了一种基于动态先验特征的包覆药多类型外观缺陷深度检测框架,包括:1)将基于深度分类器的形状缺陷检测和基于深度分割网络的尺寸缺陷检测模型集成,去除不同任务间的冗余特征,同时将深度分割网络当前迭代形成的过程特征作为动态先验特征,作用于深度分类器参数下一次迭代更新,加快模型收敛速度;2)将深度分割网络产生的过程特征映射至基于卷积自编码器的表面缺陷检测模型中,指导检测模型快速聚焦于包覆药,抑制任务无关特征重复提取.实验结果表明,该方法在模型功耗、检测效率及检测准确率等方面具有较好的表现.
在输电线路的缺陷检测中,鸟巢以及塑料、碎布等挂空悬浮物多为小目标.其所占像素少,容易被背景干扰,检测精度有待提高.设计了一种全新的两阶段目标检测算法,用于改善对输电线路中鸟巢以及挂空悬浮物的检测效果.为了提高小目标检测的性能,在特征提取模块中融入注意力机制,以学习更为丰富的上下文信息.此外,在检测模块中,设计了基于更为柔和非极大值抑制算法的后处理方法,以减少小目标的丢失.与常用的两阶段目标检测算法相比,该方法在两个类别的平均准确率上分别提高了约4.7%和5.9%,有着更高的实际应用价值.
