This paper reviews the mechanism of glycation reaction,the classification of advanced glycation end products(AGEs),the effects of glycation on skin,the evaluation methods of anti-glycation efficacy and the current research status of the cell models used for the evaluation of anti-glycation efficacy at home and abroad.According to the different cell functions,the application of five types of keratinocytes(HaCaT),fibroblasts,immune cells(RAW264.7/THP-1),melanocytes and vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs)in the evaluation cell model of anti-glycation efficacy was summarized.They are aimed at the skin barrier damage,collagen loss,pigmentation,oxidative stress and inflammation caused by glycation.According to the different modeling stimulation modes,the application of three stimulation modes of high glucose,methylglyoxal/glyoxal(MGO/GO)and AGEs in the cell model of glycation injury was summarized,aiming at the early stage,middle and late stage of the mechanism of glycation reaction and the action stage of AGEs.This review looks forward to the application prospect of cell models for anti-glycation efficacy evaluation,in order to provide an experimental basis for the establishment of standard methods for anti-glycation efficacy evaluation cell models and provide a theoretical basis for the screening of anti-glycation efficacy raw materials.
Oily skincare is one of the common problems confronting young Chinese females.Currently,skin type characterization is largely based on self-reports and qualitative assessments by dermatologists.Quantitative classification approach for oily skin totally based on the non-invasive skin measurement devices has not been reported in the literatures.In this study,based on box-plot data and machine learning clustering algorithms for 2000 Chinese female subjects(mean aged 25.90±2.61),non-invasive,objective,and quantitative classification approach for oily skin were initially established and compared with dermatologists'empirical results for mutual corroboration.On this basis,this study quantitatively collected data on skin barrier,chromaticity,elasticity,acne and other indicators through a multifunctional probe tester and a facial skin imaging system,analyzed the accompanying characteristics of oily skin and susceptible skin problems,clarified the characteristics of oily skin in young Chinese females,and evaluated the risk level of acne and sensitivity of oily skin,with a view to providing scientific care and guidance for Chinese young females with oily skin groups.The results show that the box-plot classification method based on facial hydro-oil distribution is superior to the other two types of methods.The accompanying characteristics of oily skin are poor barrier,dull complexion,less elasticity,more acne and pores.In addition,the risk of acne-prone skin is significantly higher in oily skin based on odds ratio.
The strontium tungstate(SrWO4)photocatalyst with high oxygen defect and[WO4]tetrahedral lattice distortion was synthesized by oxalic acid complexation method.The SrWO4 photocatalyst was tetragonal phase,and the particles were approximately spherical and did not contain any impurities.There was a slight adhesion and agglomeration among the particles,and the average particle size was approximately 70 nm.The SrWO4 photocatalyst exhibited two distinct blue emission peaks at 400 and 440 nm under the excitation peak of 280 nm.Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was used as the target antibiotic to be degraded.The effects of antibiotic concentration,catalyst content and pH value on the photocatalytic activity of SrWO4 photocatalyst were studied.The experimental results showed that,the optimum antibiotic concentration,catalyst content and pH value for SrWO4 photocatalyst to degrade chlortetracycline hydrochloride were 100 mg/L,1 g/L and 5.6,respectively.The mechanism analysis showed that the oxygen defect and the lattice distortion of[WO4]tetrahedron in SrWO4 photocatalyst led to high photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity at the same time.
Delaying skin aging has always been a hot topic in cosmetic research.In recent years,it has been reported that active peptides have the effect of delaying skin aging,thus research on substances that delaying skin aging is of great significance to the development of cosmetics and the application in the field of skin treatment.In the present study,we evaluated the anti-aging abilities of five bioactive peptides and the enhancing effect of the poly-peptide composition containing five bioactive peptides by four cell experiments and Elisa assay of cell proliferation,anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,and promotion of collagen.Then,UVB radiation combined with D-galactose subcutaneous injection was adopted to establish animal skin aging model to investigate the anti-aging effects of the poly-peptide composition.Our data demonstrates that the five bioactive peptides have certain ability to promote cell proliferation,anti-oxidation,anti-inflammatory and promote collagen synthesis,and the poly-peptide composition have a significant enhancing effect in vitro.Importantly,after the administration of poly-peptide composition in vivo,the epidermal thickness decreases and tends to restore to normal(P<0.05),and the contents of collagen and elastin increase,respectively(P<0.05).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results show that after the administration of poly-peptide composition,the expression of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α are down-regulated(P<0.05),the expression of MMP3 and MMP9 is inhibited(P<0.05),and the increased expression of β-galactosidase is significantly reduced(P<0.05).The above results suggest that the composition of five bioactive peptide can play an anti-aging effect on the skin caused by UVB radiation combined with D-galactose subcutaneous injection.
随着消费者对生活品质和情感体验的重视,产品设计已经不再只强调功能性,而更注重其美感和情感价值.因此,在日化产品设计中应用美学教育已成为一种趋势.美学是一门研究艺术和审美经验的学科,强调对感性认识和审美判断的培养和训练.
Photoaging is a process of premature skin aging caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.It is characterized by sunspots,coarse wrinkles,loss of elasticity,and photochemical keratosis.The protective effect of volatile oil of compound clove on the skin of mice induced by UV was studied in this paper.Firstly,the main components of volatile oil of compound clove were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).After the back irradiation,the skin tissues of the irradiated area were stained by HE and Masson to observe the changes of the skin morphology and collagen fibers in the dermis.The expressions of collagen Ⅰ and MMP-3 in skin were detected by Western Blot.The results show that the volatile oil of compound clove contains 50 components,of which 11 components account for 83.56% of the chromatographic peak area.The main components are eugenol(31.96% ),(E)-3-butylidene-4,5-dihydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one(20.56% )and caffeine(12.72% ).Compared with the model group,compound clove volatile oil significantly improves the appearance and tissue structure of the photoaged mice skin,and increases collagen fibers.The results of Western Blot show that compound clove volatile oil can up-regulate the expression of typeⅠcollagen and down-regulate the expression of MMP-3 protein.In conclusion,compound clove volatile oil can improve skin wrinkles and roughness caused by ultraviolet light,inhibit collagen degradation in photoaged skin,and promote skin repair.
At present,the environmental pollution caused by ibuprofen is becoming more and more serious,which is a danger to people's health.How to solve the pollution caused by ibuprofen produced in industrial production and daily life has become an urgent scientific problem.Therefore,domestic and foreign researchers have carried out many studies on the development of new adsorbent materials.In this review,the properties and pollution status of ibuprofen were summarized,and several important types of adsorbent materials for ibuprofen were summarized.Biochar material has the characteristics of environmentally friendly,low cost,strong adsorption capacity and no secondary pollution.It has been widely used and has good application value and development prospect.Molecularly imprinted materials have good biocompatibility and incomparable molecular recognition ability.Molecularly imprinted materials are a new type of adsorptive functional materials with large development space.Mesoporous materials have the characteristics of extremely high specific surface area,regular and ordered pore structure,and narrow pore size distribution,which are good functional materials for adsorption of ibuprofen.In addition,natural polymers,composite nanomaterials,surfactants and other materials have been used to synthesize a variety of polymer materials with excellent adsorption properties through optimization and modification.
Three pseudo-gemini surfactants(2C18N3N/XA,XA=SA,GA and AA)were formed by non-covalently connecting dibasic acid(HOOC(CH2)n COOH,n=2,3 and 4,abbreviated as SA,GA and AA,respectively)with long-chain tertiary amine(C17H35CONHCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2)in the molar ratio of 1∶2 through electrostatic interactions.The whole process had avoided any complicated synthetic procedures.The surface activity and rheological properties of the surfactants were investigated.The critical micelle concentration(cmc)of 2C18N3N/GA was 4.60×10-5 mmol/L,which was significantly lower than that of conventional gemini surfactants,indicative of strong aggregation ability.2C18N3N/SA and 2C18N3N/AA also had low cmc values.These surfactants could form wormlike micelles when the concentrations were above 50 mmol/L,exhibiting viscoelastic behavior,and the viscoelastic solutions thereof had good temperature and shear resistance.Due to the tertiary amine group in the pseudo-gemini surfactant,it exhibited pH-responsive properties.It was found that when the pH was 6.1,the viscosity of the solution was very high,whereas when the pH was 4.0 or 9.3,the viscosity rapidly decreased.Furthermore,the pseudo-gemini surfactant was also responsive to temperature.With the increase of temperature,the viscosity of the system rapidly increased.At 60℃,the zero-shear viscosity of 2C18N3N/GA at 300 mmol/L could be as high as 11 967.73 Pa·s.These surfactants were simple to be prepared and showed excellent performance,which expanded the range of preparation and application of novel surfactants.
Simultaneous chromatographic separations of ceramide NP and ceramide AP in ceramide liposomes were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)coupled to evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD).The ceramide liposomes samples were treated with methanol-isopropanol(volume ratio 7∶3)and analyzed by Agilent ZORBAX StableBond C8(4.6×150 mm,3.5 μm)column.The simultaneous separation of ceramide NP and AP was achieved by gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in methanol-isopropanol(volume ratio 7∶3)and acetonitrile as the mobile phases.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature was 40℃.Evaporator and nebulizer temperature were set at 90℃and 70℃,and the gas flow rate was 1.0 L/min.The result shows the detection limits of ceramide NP and AP in ceramide liposomes are 3 and 6 μg/mL,respectively,and the quantitative limits are 1 and 2 μg/mL,respectively.The RSD of test on ceramide NP and AP repeatability and precision are all less than 2% ,and the linear relationship of calibration curves for ceramide NP and AP is good(R2>0.999)in the mass concentration range of 50-500 μg/mL and 25-250 μg/mL,respectively.Moreover,the recovery rates range from 96.2% to 105.1% at different concentration levels.A simple,reproducible and reliable method is provided for the determination of ceramide NP and AP contents in different ceramide liposomes.
The free alcohols in isomeric alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography(headspace GC).Headspace GC was performed with an HP-5 column(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25 µm)and an FID detector.DMF was used as solvent.Through optimization of equilibrium temperature,equilibrium time and sample volume,the best GC detection conditions were found.The retention time was used for qualitative analysis and the external standard method was used for quantitative analysis.The test results showed that isodecyl alcohol was a mixture of two different alcohols,and isotridecyl alcohol was a mixture of alcohols with different carbon chain length and different degree of branching.The results showed that the calibration curves of isodecyl alcohol and isotridecyl alcohol were linear in range of 0.50-14.02 mg/mL and 1.02-20.35 mg/mL with linear correlation coefficients of 0.999 3 and 0.999 1,LODs of 0.30 and 0.54 mg/mL,and LOQs of 0.99 and 1.78 mg/mL,respectively.In the precision test,the RSD for isodecyl alcohol was≤0.75% and the RSD for isotridecyl alcohol was≤0.99% .The recovery of isodecyl alcohol and isotridecyl alcohol was from 97.4% to 104.7% ,with RSD≤2.33% (n=6).It could be found that the fluctuation in detection data of isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate was slight,while that of isomeric tridecanol ethoxylate was bigger.To reduce data fluctuation,the sample weight could be increased to make the peaks more obvious when detecting isotridecanol polyoxyethylene ether.This method was simple,accurate,rapid,highly sensitive,and suitable for the determination of free alcohols in isomeric alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers.
With zinc hyaluronate of different molecular weight as the research object,the in vitro moisturizing,oil control,firming and soothing effects were studied by the zebrafish mosturiztion test,the lipid drop detection of sebacogland cell SZ95,the inhibition of 5α reductase,the proliferation of fibroblasts,the detection of typeⅠ collagen content,and the inhibition of inflammatory factor of macrophages.The results show that 0.5% zinc hyaluronate can inhibit the water loss caused by high osmotic pressure of zebrafish and has significant moisturizing effect.Large molecules of zinc hyaluronate can achieve oil control effect by inhibiting 5α reductase.Medium and small molecules of zinc hyaluronate can achieve oil control effect by inhibiting the synthesis of lipid droplets and inhibiting 5α reductase.Small molecules of zinc hyaluronic acid can promote fibroblast proliferation in a dose-dependent way.Collagen I formation is significantly promoted by medium molecules of zinc hyaluronic acid at 125,12.5 and 1.25 μg/mL.The expressions of IL-1α,TNF-α and PGE 2 are significantly inhibited by large,medium and small molecules of zinc hyaluronate at the mass concentrations of 25 and 125 μg/mL.Experiments show that zinc hyaluronate has good moisturizing,oil control,firming,and soothing effect.
The effects and safety risks of adding anti-infective drugs in cosmetics were summarized.The common types,characteristics and application fields of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were introduced.The methods in"Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics(2015 Edition)"for determination of anti-infective drugs were also listed in this paper.The advantages of various detection methods were introduced,including liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),direct real-time analysis-high resolution mass spectrometry(DART-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS),ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS),ultra high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS)and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).In the sample screening process,some scholars detected three compounds that had not yet been detected in the"Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics(2015 Edition)",namely danofloxacin,trimethoprim and ronidazole.This paper can provide data for the relevant scientific research work in cosmetics.At the same time,the risk monitoring work of cosmetics in relevant testing institution will have direction and ideas after understanding the above content.In addition,the exploratory research on the correction of detection method will be more efficient and scientific.Finally,the trend of using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to establish methods for determination of anti-infective drugs in cosmetics is recommended.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is still the preferred method for the determination of anti-infective drugs in cosmetics in the future.Above all,high resolution mass spectrometry will be more widely used in the confirmation of known substances and screening of unknown substances.
A series of oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions with volume fraction 86% of oil phase of sweet almond oil were prepared by using 1.5 wt% modified oil ethoxylates as the single emulsifier.The effects of different EO addition numbers and carbon chain lengths on the particle size and rheological properties of emulsions were studied by optical microscope and rheometer.The results showed that,the emulsifying ability first increased and then decreased with the increase of EO number for high internal phase emulsion stabilized with modified shea butter.The high internal phase emulsions prepared with coconut oil ethoxylate and palm kernel oil ethoxylate both with carbon chain length of C12-14 showed similar viscosity and storage modulus(G').However,the viscosity and G'of the high internal phase emulsion prepared with shea butter ethoxylate with carbon chain length of C16-18 were higher.In addition,the differences between different samples were explained from the perspective of EO number distribution and carbon chain distribution.All the high internal phase emulsions thus prepared had excellent stability and could be potentially used in cosmetics,food,drug delivery,encapsulation materials,etc.
日化产品英语翻译是一个复杂而重要的领域.通过有效的教学优化探索,可以提高翻译的质量和市场竞争力.在日化产业与相关领域发展实践中,要探索优化翻译教学,更好地应对挑战,提升日化产品英语翻译综合水平,适应日化产业发展趋势.
Gemini betaine surfactants have the advantages of low pollution and low damage,which can be used in clean fracturing fluids for oilfield development.In this work,three Gemini betaine surfactants GAS-22-n(n=IPDI,HDI and TDI)with different spacers were synthesized by using erucic acid,N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine and sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate as raw materials,and hexamethylene diisocyanate,toluene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate as spacers.The effects of spacers on the properties were studied.The experimental results showed that,the long carbon chain of the spacer in GAS-22-HDI structure was flexible and easy to bend,exhibiting strong intermolecular interactions and being less influenced by external forces,which made it easier to form micelles and have good salt resistance,low surface tension and low cmc.The rigid benzene ring in GAS-22-TDI structure had a larger volume,and the micelles fused to form wormlike aggregates,further forming a dense three-dimensional network structure,endowing it with good temperature resistance,shear resistance,sand suspension,and viscosity.
日化产品的设计和制造一直是竞争激烈的领域,消费者对产品的需求也不断发生变化.在这个背景下,神经网络算法的应用为日化产品设计提供了新的可能性.神经网络是一种模拟人脑工作方式的算法,它可以处理大量的数据,从而提高产品设计的准确性和效率.随着科技的进步和消费者需求的变化,日化产品设计变得越来越复杂,神经网络算法提供了一种有力的工具来改进产品设计和市场反馈的精确性.
化妆品装饰的美学蕴含研究,即综合审美心理、艺术及伦理等理论知识,对化妆品包装设计美学问题进行探析的过程.通过明确装饰设计的美学原则,分析化妆品装饰设计目标,总结美学视角下化妆品装饰设计路径,能够为现代化妆品装饰设计的发展提供理论指导,更好的推动化妆品装饰设计的发展.
Based on the safety and efficacy of plant extracts,plant resources have been widely used in the fields of medicine,food and agriculture.The development of herbs and other characteristic plants is a unique advantage of botanical cosmetics in China.According to the 2021 Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Status Bulletin,Yunnan has 19 333 known species of higher plants(50.1% of the country),including 8 772 species of Chinese endemic higher plants,and 211 species of plants are endemic to or distributed only in Yunnan.This paper presents an overview of the topographical features of 16 cities in Yunnan and the regional distribution,growing seasons and production of characteristic plant resources in Yunnan.And using the above overview as a starting point,this paper systematically analyzes for the first time the distribution of Gentiana crassicaulis,Eucalyptus camaldulensis,Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,Dendrobium officinale and other 22 Yunnan characteristic plant resources in the development of anti-acne,moisturizing,whitening,anti-wrinkle and firming cosmetics of the current situation and the application prospects.This study provides reliable theoretical support for the research and efficacy application of Yunnan's characteristic plant materials as cosmetic ingredients.
随着人们生活水平和审美要求的不断提高,日化产品包装的设计也变得越来越重要.在这个竞争激烈的市场中,一款优秀的包装设计可以起到吸引消费者的作用,进而促进产品销售.而如今,交互设计已经成为很多设计师在进行日化产品包装设计时必不可少的工具之一.
Multiple emulsion is a complex system in which an emulsion(oil-in-water emulsion or water-in-oil emulsion)is dispersed in another continuous phase(oil phase or water phase).The coexistence of oil-in-water emulsion(O/W)and water-in-oil emulsion(W/O)endows multiple emulsion not only the advantages of both,but also the unique structure of"three-phase and two-membrane".Multiple emulsions have shown a broad application prospect in the fields of cosmetics,medicine,food,materials,etc..In this review,multiple emulsions and their preparation methods were introduced,and the factors affecting the stability of multiple emulsions were summarized.The advantages of application of multiple emulsions in the field of cosmetics were introduced,including the embedding and multiple protective effects,the sustained-release property,and the penetration-enhancing effect.On this basis,the research status of multiple emulsions in cosmetic field was reviewed,and the special multiple emulsions were also introduced.Finally,the personal views on the problems of multiple emulsions in practical application were put forward,which might provide some necessary reference for the application of multiple emulsions and provide useful information both for the effective application of active ingredients and the development of cosmetic products with excellent performance.
