新中国成立以来,全国冬季运动会制度经历了初生萌芽、过渡青春、稳定发展和快速成长4个阶段.国家宏观制度环境、政治变量、路径依赖和关键节点等深刻影响着全国冬季运动会制度的演变历程.建议:全国冬季运动会制度要坚持渐进性演变,突破路径依赖;充分利用关键节点,实现制度创新;坚持政府统筹规划,优化制度顶层设计;推进体制改革进程,完善制度监督机制;遵循本位价值取向,拓宽制度发展路径.
基于整体性治理理论,采用文献研究、数据分析、逻辑演绎等方法,分析了新时代我国公共体育服务供给的碎片化困境,寻求新的治理范式和路径.研究表明,由于公共体育服务供给理念、供给主体、供给信息、供给标准碎片化,导致供给总量不充分、供给效率低下、供给质量不高、供给活力不强.应基于整体性治理理论和信息技术工具,完善公共体育服务标准化体系,构建协同供给机制,提高供给精准性和有效性,形成公共体育服务共建共治共享的治理格局,以适应和满足公众不断增长的体育需求.
From the perspective of core quality of physical education and health discipline, this paper combs the research on children’s physical education thought and children’s physical education curriculum at home and abroad, aiming to further optimize the selection and design path of children’s sports game curriculum content in China, improve the effectiveness of curriculum content implementation, and promote children’s healthy development. The research shows that the basis for the content selection of children’s sports game curriculum includes: Taking the law of children’s physical and mental development as the core, taking the game content as the carrier, and focusing on the development of children’s movements; The basis of the curriculum content design of children’s sports games includes: Taking the development of the scene as the main line, taking the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the curriculum content as the criteria, and taking the spiral design of the curriculum content as the target. The selection orientation of children’s sports game curriculum content should conform to the naturalness, liveliness and scientificity. According to the system structure theory, the design of children’s sports game curriculum can be divided into three levels:macro, meso and micro. It is emphasized that the curriculum design of class hours should include four parts: scene introduction, individual challenge, team cooperation and relaxation and stretching.
Objective: To investigate the effects of life-long high intensity intermittent training（HIIT） and moderate intensity continuous training（MICT） on exercise capacity and lipid metabolism in naturally aging mice, and to provide theoretical basis and experimental support for the study of the mechanism of life-long exercise on lipid metabolism. Methods: Male BALB/C mice of aged 5 weeks were randomly divided into young quiet group（YC group）, natural aging quiet group（OC group）, life-long HIIT exercise group（EH group） and life-long MICT exercise group（EM group）,exercise intervention time until the mice age of 72 weeks. Detected were in each group mice of Body shape index, exercise ability index, blood lipid and liver lipid content, in liver of SREBP-1c, ACC□CPT1α for gene expression and FAS□CPT1α enzyme activities. Results: Compared with YC group, the OC group of body weight, body length and liver weight were significantly increased（P ＜ 0.05）, and in the serum TG, TC, LDL-c and FFA content, in liver of TG and FFA content, the SREBP-1C, ACC of expression and the activity of FAS enzyme in OC group were significantly higher than YC group（P ＜ 0.05）. The content of serum HDL-c and the activities of CPT1α enzyme and expression in liver in OC group were significantly lower than those in YC group. After life-long exercise, the maximum running speed and maximum grip of mice in EH group and EM group were significantly higher than OC group, the content of TG, TC, LDL-C and FFA in serum, the content of TG and FFA in liver, the expression of SREBP-1C, ACC and the activity of FAS enzyme in EH group and EM group were significantly lower than OC group, but the serum HDL-C content, liver CPT1α gene expression and enzyme activity in EH and EM group were significantly higher than OC group. Conclusion:（1）Life-long exercise can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of aging on body shape,MICT is basically the same with HIIT improvement effect.（2）Both life-long exercise MICT and HIIT can effectively affect the maximum running speed and maximum grasping power of mice. At the aged of 30-54 weeks, HIIT exercise was better than MICT exercise on the maximum running speed. MICT exercise was slightly better than HIIT exercise on maintaining the maximum running speed in mice aged 60-72 weeks. Both HIIT and MICT exercise could maintain the maximum grasping strength of aging mice.（ 3）Life-long exercise can improve the lipid metabolism and maintain the health of the aged. The effect of life-long moderate intensity continuous exercise on the improvement of liver lipid abnormality was slightly better than life-long high intensity intermittent exercise, while the effect of life-long high intensity intermittent exercise on the improvement of blood lipid was slightly better than life-long moderate intensity continuous exercise, which may be related to the improvement of liver lipid oxidation capacity and decrease of lipid synthesis capacity of life-long exercise.
From the perspective of sports anthropology, using the methods of field investigation,literature, Movement Analysis and semiotic theory, this paper traces back the historical origin and development of the original ecological ritual “Tongling Dance” in Tujia people, this paper analyzes the ritual procedure and the movement structure, and probes into the token function and significance of the cultural symbol of “Tongling Dance”. According to the research, the Tujia People Bronze Bell Dance in the past has been transformed into a ritual of paying the gods to communicate with them,which is the reposing of satisfying the spiritual beliefs and good wishes of human beings, in fact,the dancing process of this kind of body shows a complete folk sports activity, which has the forms of entertainment, performance, body-building, mind-building and maintaining ethnic feelings, and has the particularity of certain ethnic culture, it is a physical activity that condenses the cultural memory of ethnic groups and sustains the identity of society, groups and individuals. This study is of great significance to the deepening and expansion of the study of ethnic sports culture in Tujia people, and is intended to provide some reference and enlightenment for the study of physical activities in Tujia people.
Objective: To construct the graph theory model of table tennis mixed doubles technology and tactics, and to provide a new research method for the analysis of table tennis mixed doubles technology and tactics. Methods: the technical and tactical analysis index system was determined by the methods of literature and video observation. Using the graph theory model, 373 rounds of the world’s top mixed doubles competition were taken as research cases to analyze the service mode, technical and tactical application and technical and tactical connection of the competition.The dynamic network of table tennis mixed doubles was creatively constructed based on graph theory, g =（V（g）, e（g））. By calculating the degree of nodes and the number of network edges, we can get the most frequently used technical and tactical combination of mixed doubles athletes and the most likely return stroke method of the next board. Conclusion: two pairs of mixed doubles players are dominant in women’s service rounds. When both male and female athletes use reverse rotation service, the winning probability is higher; Ito and Liu Shiwen used the most techniques in the competition are the backhand pull（attack） slash and the forehand swing short slash; Xu Xin and Jun Falcon are forehand draw slashes and so on. Conclusion: The table tennis technical and tactical analysis model based on graph theory model has certain practicability and intuition.
In order to explore the elements and results of the psychological stress response of highlevel orienteering cross-country athletes, its formation and transformation process were analyzed.Grounded procedure theory was applied to conduct three-level coding analysis on the interview data of 30 high-level orienteering cross-country athletes, and the following results turned out:（1） Mentality,technique and unexpected stressors are the main stressors that the high-level orienteering cross-country athletes have to face under the competition situation;（2） Threats and challenges are the cognitive evaluation of competition stressors of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes;（3） Focusing and avoiding are the coping strategies of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes under the influence of competition stressors;（4） The psychological stress response of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes can be divided into two categories: negative and positive. Studies suggest that the cognitive evaluation of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes is a mediating variable in the process of stress response of their competitive psychological, and plays an important "hub" role; the personality traits and social support of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes are regulatory variables of their cognitive evaluations affecting the formation of cognitive evaluations. As another regulatory variable, coping strategy plays an important role in regulating the formation and transformation of the psychological stress response of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes.
当前奥林匹克传播已进入数字3.0时代,数字化生存已然成为北京冬奥会"一起向未来"的重要标志.为有效提高北京冬奥会国际传播效能,主要采用文献资料法,从数字化生存视角切入,剖析数字赋能技术、赋意话语、赋权个体的内在逻辑,探究北京冬奥会国际传播的三重进路,回应数字化3.0时代如何实现连接世界、价值共享与全球认同的北京冬奥会国际传播愿景,以此来"讲好中国故事,展示真实、立体、全面的中国"这一时代命题.
Collaborative governance is an important way to promote student health in China. This study builds a three-party evolutionary game model of "the public, local government and grassroots schools", and applies MATLAB software to simulate and analyze the strategic choices of different subjects in the collaborative governance of students’ physical health, to explore the impact of different subjects’ game choices on the results, to provide data support for improving the effectiveness of collaborative governance and provide theoretical basis for the implementation of relevant policies. The results show that grass-roots schools are the subjects with the fastest strategy selection speed in evolutionary games, and the game process with higher participation needs longer evolutionary equilibrium time. The strategy selection of different subjects in collaborative governance is related to social public cognition, governance cost, incentive mechanism, punishment,compensation content and social reputation. Based on the simulation results of evolutionary game,in order to improve the participation of students’ physical health and promote the efficiency of collaborative governance, this study puts forward the following suggestions: improve the local regulatory system and control the governance cost cooperatively; Set up reasonable incentive policies and cultivate the consciousness of independent participation; Strengthen the means of outside school intervention and compress the time and space of collaborative governance; Innovate multiple interconnection models and enhance regional subjective initiative.
This paper studies the brain executive function of excellent young football players and football majors, and attempts to reveal the characteristics of brain executive function of excellent young football players. The experiment group consisted of 48 women football players in Guangzhou;The control group consisted of 42 football majors. The Updating of the executive function of the two groups was tested by 2-back paradigm. The Inhibition of the executive function of the two groups was tested by magnitude-size stroop paradigm. The Shifting of the executive function of the two groups was tested by more-odd shifting paradigm. It was found that the accuracy of 2-back test of female football players is significantly higher than that of football majors; There was no significant difference in response time. There was no significant difference between the two groups in magnitude-size stroop test. The correct rate of more-odd shifting test of female football players is significantly higher than that of football majors. The reduction of correct rate of value size shifting test of female football players is less than that of football majors. The reaction time of value size test was significantly lower than that of football majors. The results show that, the differences of executive function between female football players and football majors are mainly reflected in updating and shifting. Female football players have higher accuracy in updating test, higher accuracy in more-odd shifting test,lower loss of accuracy in value size shifting. Compared with Updating and Shifting, the Inhibitory of executive function of young football players’ brain may appear "ceiling effect" earlier.
Based on the Model of Goal-directed Behavior（MGB）, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the influence of COVID-19 epidemic on the behavioral intention of physical exercise and conducts an empirical test with the methods of questionnaire survey and structural equation.The results show that: physical exercise behavior attitude, expected emotion, perceived behavior control and COVID-19 epidemic cognition all have significant positive effects on physical exercise desire, and desire has a further significant impact on the behavioral intention of physical exercise,meanwhile, perceived behavioral control and non-pharmaceutical interventions have significant positive effects on physical exercise behavioral intention. Based on the conclusion of the study,this paper puts forward advise on promoting public physical exercise in response to COVID-19epidemic.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between perfectionism, achievement motivation and Self-handicapping of college athletes. Methods: 586 college athletes were investigated by athlete perfectionism scale, achievement Motivation scale and self-handicap scale. Results:Athletes’ achievement motivation was positively correlated with individual standard, and negatively correlated with repeated thinking, attention error, perceived coach pressure. Athletes’ personal standard of perfectionism had a significant negative predictive effect on Self-handicapping. Athletes’ attention error, repeated thinking, perceived parental pressure and perceived coach pressure had significant positive predictive effects on Self-handicapping. Achievement motivation of athletes is positively correlated with perfectionism, personal standards and perceived coach pressure, and negatively correlated with repeated thinking and attention errors. Athletes’ achievement motivation had a significant predictive effect on self-handicapping, in which the pursuit of success motivation had a significant negative predictive effect on athletes’ self-handicapping, and the avoidance of failure motivation had a significant positive predictive effect on athletes’ self-handicapping.Achievement motivation played a partial mediating role in the effect of perfectionism on Selfhandicapping, and the mediating effect accounted for 31.9% of the total effect. Conclusion:Athletes with perfectionist tendencies can be helped to face up to their abilities in various aspects,calmly face others’ positive or negative evaluation of themselves, and form positive achievement motivation, so as to intervene in their possible self-obstruction.
From the perspective of residents’ feeling awareness, selected two representative event venue as sample collecting zone, strictly following the scale development and validation procedures,committed to develop and validate an evaluation questionnaire of residents’ feeling awareness that can measure different event types of sports social impact, and using the factor analysis and entropy method to determine the scale weight. Research findings: First, the social impact evaluation scale of sports events for residents includes 6 dimensional indicators and 53 items. The scale is applicable to at least two types of events, so its stability, scientificity and validity can be guaranteed. Second,the perception of the residents of the host city and the host place constitutes the main aspect of the perception evaluation of the social impact of sports events. The above findings not only provide a more intuitive, standardized and reliable measurement tool for residents’ perception of the social impact of sports events, but also have a strong guiding significance for the development,management and marketing of sports events.
从国际大型体育赛事观众的观赛动机出发,运用专家访谈、调查问卷、探索性因子、验证性因子与单因素ANOVA检验等方法构建了国际大型体育赛事观赛动机量表,并实证分析了北京冬奥会观众观赛动机的差异性.结果表明:1)国际大型体育赛事观众的观赛动机由热情-学习动机、审美-体验动机、爱国主义动机、逃避-寻求动机、娱乐-兴奋动机和社会交往动机6个维度构成.2)性别与代际间观众的观赛动机显示出明显的差异性.3)整体动机对国际大型体育赛事观众观赛意愿具有显著正向影响.4)北京冬奥会在推广过程中要重视代际差异,针对不同群体进行个性化宣传;强化爱国主义认知,但要避免狭隘的民族主义;全方位打造冬奥会社交圈,形成全民观赛氛围;兼顾"娱乐性"与"竞技性",提升观赛体验.
Physical education and philosophy are two different disciplines. Due to the existence of common factors, the two have good correlation effect. Reviewing the correlation between sports and philosophy from the perspective of discipline correlation is an attempt on the way to study the deconstruction of sports philosophy. The research believes that "life, body, game, religion and ethics" are the common factors related to physical education and philosophy. It is the common factors of these disciplines that make physical education and philosophy interact and construct, and finally gradually integrate into the overall philosophy of sports. To sort out the connection between physical education and philosophy in the way of subject correlation is not only the source of sports philosophy, but also an attempt to expand the research method of sports philosophy.
Rural left-behind pupils are an important part of left-behind children,they are a phased product of China’s economic and social development. Their physical and mental health problems have aroused widespread concern in the society. Carrying out sports activities is a key way to strengthen the physical fitness and improve the personality of rural left-behind pupils. However, the development of sports activities of rural left-behind pupils is constrained by many factors, such as fewer participants, poor development effect etc. Targeted, effective countermeasures and solutions are also scarce. This research explores the influencing factors and development path of sports activities of rural left-behind pupils in Luokan, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, extracts and analyzes the interview content by using grounded theory research method. Through open coding,spindle coding and selective coding, it was found that: 1) The influencing factors of sports activities of rural left-behind pupils mainly include three core categories: individual factors, environmental factors and social factors; 2) Individual factors mainly involve sports experience such as interest and emotional communication, environmental factors are divided into three categories of home environment, spiritual environment and educational environment. Social factors include sports public service and social sports activities; 3)Within all categories and connotations, individual interest, family economic conditions, government and social support have the greatest impact on the development of sports activities for left-behind children in rural areas. The development path of enhancing the quality of sports activities of rural left-behind pupils is proposed.
his paper compares the cultivation modes of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities at home and abroad through literature review, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the development of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities in the new era. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the development of high-level sports teams in new era. Through sorting out the above models, the development path of high-level sports teams in China’s universities is summarized: 1 We must have a sound legal and organizational guarantee system. 2 University scientific research superiority and sports resources should be combined. 3 We should fully absorb the advantages of social resources.
In the post Winter Olympics era, vigorously promoting the integration of ice and snow sports into national fitness is an effective measure to further implement the national strategy of healthy China and promote national health. Using the methods of field interview, literature and logical analysis, this paper discusses the internal logic, main obstacles and Breakthrough Strategies of integrating ice and snow sports into national fitness in the post Winter Olympics era. The research shows that the synchronization of development concept is the starting point for the integration of ice and snow sports into national fitness, the sharing of facilities is the basis for the integration of ice and snow sports into national fitness, and the consistency of promotion subjects is the guarantee for the integration of ice and snow sports into national fitness. However, the imperfect integration system, uneven integration media, unstable integration environment, and integration disturbances still significantly restrict the depth of integration. In the post Winter Olympics era, we should integrate ice and snow sports into national fitness through collaborative, diversified, comprehensive and humanistic strategies.
采用文献资料、案例分析等研究方法,就国外体育场馆促进城市更新的开发模式、问题、策略以及经验镜鉴进行研究.认为国外体育场馆促进城市更新开发模式包括体育商业综合体开发模式;社区体育中心开发模式;城市体育公园开发模式.当前面临财政补助场馆负担过重、开发忽视弱势群体利益、场馆公共空间塑造欠缺、场馆自身规划利用不合理等主要问题.在梳理其策略的基础上,从更新方式:小微渐进式更新;实施主体:多元主体协同共治;保障机制:政府统筹兼顾提供保障这几方面提出建议,以期为我国体育场馆促进城市更新提供参考.
体教融合是对体育教育的再审视,也是对竞技体育发展的再思考,体教融合研究有助于实现可持续化、综合化教育的发展目标.研究从驱动因素、政策因素、支持因素三个方面分析了影响体教融合发展的诸多因素,在此基础上引入结构解释模型(ISM)对体教融合的影响因素进行建模分析,明确各因素之间的相互关系,使体育与教育融合影响因素之间错综复杂的关系条理化和层次化,为促进体教融合发展提供必要的理论依据.
