Introduction: Radiography is essential for diagnostic accuracy and decisionmaking in companion animal care, yet its effective use depends on the awareness and accessibility of these services among veterinary professionals and animal caregivers.Aim:This study assessed the awareness and utilization of radiography services in companion animal care in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.Method: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and animal caregivers in Osogbo. Quantitative data were collected via a structured questionnaire assessing demographics, awareness, utilization, and barriers to radiography services. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis were used for the respective data types.Results: Animal caregivers accounted for 46.8% of respondents. About 35.5% had less than five years of experience, and 40% had over ten years. While general awareness existed, significant knowledge and utilization gaps were identified. Barriers included limited understanding of radiography benefits, high costs, and restricted access to equipment.Conclusion: The study highlights inadequate awareness and use of radiography services, indicating a need for targeted educational interventions and improved access for enhanced veterinary care.
Background: Adequate healthcare infrastructure, medical equipment, and basicamenities are essential for delivering quality healthcare services. Gaps in theiravailability or functionality can lead to misdiagnosis, delayed care, and preventablemorbidity and mortality. Accreditation is expected to ensure that facilities meetminimum standards, but limited evidence exists to support this belief in Osun State.This study compared infrastructure, essential equipment, and amenities betweenOSHIA-accredited and unaccredited healthcare facilities in the state.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted across 109 public andprivate health facilities in Osun State, stratified by accreditation status. Data werecollected using a semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist using theKoboCollect App. Analysis was done using Stata version 16 (Stata Corp., Texas).Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to assess differences in availabilityand functionality of infrastructure, equipment, and amenities. Statistical significancewas set at p < 0.05.Results: Accredited facilities, especially private ones, had significantly betteravailability of emergency equipment (e.g., suction machines, oxygen cylinders),diagnostic tools (e.g., thermometers, stethoscopes), and key amenities (e.g., toilets,waiting areas). Among public facilities, some unaccredited facilities had higheravailability of selected items. Fire safety equipment, laboratory tools, and emergencypreparedness were generally lacking across all facilities.Conclusion: OHIS accreditation had better facility infrastructures, equipment,amenities and consumables, particularly in the private sector. Therefore, efforts toincorporate more facilities into OHIS would not just enhance achieving universalhealth coverage but also promote improving the capacities of the facilities positioningthem for better performance, and ultimately strengthening the quality of healthcaredelivery in the State.
Low public awareness remains a major driver of the persistent rabies burden in Nigeria. We present a 44-year-old woman who was a victim of a dog bite from an unvaccinated dog. She developed symptoms of rabies following failure to receive post-exposure prophylaxis, and died within 48 hours of symptom onset. This case underscores the importance of increased public awareness in mitigating the incidence of rabies in our environment.
Background: TURP is the gold standard surgical treatment for BPH. Among its complications include bleeding. Several measures have been instituted to mitigate it. Currently, the efficacy of tranexamic acid is being investigated. This study aims to assess outcome and safety of tranexamic acid use in TURP for BPH.Methods: This a case-controlled study involving patients who had tranexamic acid administered intravenously and a group that did not have it during TURP from January 2022 to October 2025. Electronic medical records of 60 patients were retrieved retrospectively, data entered in a proforma. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Most patients, in this study were >60 years, 24(80%) patients in each group and the age distribution did not differ significantly (p= 0.837). There was no significant difference in intraoperative transfusion between the two groups(p= 0.084), even though tranexamic acid group had less transfusion, while multiple transfusions were significantly less in tranexamic acid group (p=0.04). Postoperative transfusion was insignificant between the two groups (p= 0.279). The mean change in hemoglobin post TURP was also not statistically significant (p=0.247). The mean duration of hospital stay was insignificant between both groups (p=0.770). Only minor side effects were recorded with use of tranexamic acid. The commonest was nausea and vomiting in 3(42.9%) patients.Conclusion: There was less blood loss with tranexamic acid use in TURP with safe outcome.
Background: Pre-emptive analgesia reduces central sensitization and improves postoperative outcomes, yet its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery remains inconsistent. This study assessed the perception and practice of preemptive analgesia among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Nigerian oral and maxillofacial surgeons between June and September 2025 using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with practice. Results: Ninety-three surgeons participated; most were male (82.8%), consultants (62.4%), and worked in public tertiary hospitals (93.5%). While 75.3% demonstrated good perception of pre-emptive analgesia, only 43.0% reported optimal practice. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most commonly used agents. Significant barriers included inadequate training, lack of institutional guidelines, poor managerial prioritization, and limited drug availability. Conclusion: Although Nigerian oral and maxillofacial surgeons demonstrate good perception of pre-emptive analgesia, its clinical application remains suboptimal. Addressing training gaps, strengthening institutional support, and developing clear clinical guidelines are essential to improving perioperative pain management.
Background: Depression is one of the most prevalent non-motor symptoms in PD, with emerging evidence suggesting hematological alterations may play a role in its pathophysiology. Identifying blood-based biomarkers could provide accessible, costeffective adjuncts for screening and risk stratification. inflammatory processes (13,14). This study aims to evaluate haematological indices as predictors of depression in PD patients. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with and without depression, diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria. Venous blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and platelet indices using an automated hematology analyzer. Sample size was determined using standard formulae for comparing two means and two proportions to ensure adequate statistical power. Group differences were assessed using Mann–Whitney U tests, logistic regression identified independent predictors, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated discriminatory performance. Results: Participants without depression exhibited higher mean ranks in white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (all p < 0.05). Conversely, depressed participants had elevated monocyte counts, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width (p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified six independent predictors: white blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red cell distribution width-standard deviation, monocyte count, and mean platelet volume. ROC analysis revealed red cell distribution width-standard deviation (AUC = 0.719) as the strongest discriminator, followed by white blood cell count (AUC = 0.689) and hemoglobin (AUC = 0.653). Conclusion: Hematological parameters, particularly red cell distribution width-standard deviation, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count, demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability for depression status. While these markers should not replace clinical diagnosis, they may serve as valuable adjuncts in psychiatric evaluation. Future multicenter longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore their clinical utility.
Introduction: Paediatric colostomies are common procedures done for conditions like Anorectal malformation and Hirschsprungs disease for the diversion of bowel contents to the exterior. Colostomies done in the paediatric age group are often temporary colostomies. The perception of colostomy is variable in different climes thus determining acceptance, rejection and abandonment rates. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 58 paediatric surgical patients who had colostomies over a period of 3 years. Results: 58 patients who had colostomy were studied with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. ARM and HD were the indications for the creation of the colostomies accounting for 67.2% and 32.8% respectively. In this study 47(81%) were created within the first two days of life. Initial rejection rate was 36.2% and abandonment rate was 5.2%. The commonest indication for colostomy in this study is anorectal malformation. Most of the colostomies nd were created in the 2 (24-48hrs) day of life. Conclusion: Socioeconomic, traditional and spiritual beliefs may affect the response of parents to the news of the need for colostomy for their neonates. Infanticide may not be unconnected to the lost to follow-up of some infants with colostomy making them unavailable to complete the treatment cycle.
Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of Non-Consensual Sexual Acts (NCSA) and barriers to reporting among female students in a tertiary institution in Kaduna State, Nigeria.Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique to select 271 female students. Data were collected using a semistructured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Statistical associations were determined using bivariate analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: The mean age of respondents was 21.28 ± 3.19 years. About threequarters (74.2%) of respondents had experienced at least one NCSA. Only 27.7% of victims reported the NCSA. As regards barriers to reporting NCSA, almost three-quarters (72%) of them felt too embarrassed to report. Factors associated with NCSAprevalence included ethnicity, religion, and department.Conclusion: The majority of respondents had experienced at least one form of NCSA, but most did not report it. Policies should be developed and implemented by university authorities to protect and support victims of NCSA. Asafe, accessible, and confidential channel for reporting should be created.
Background: Paediatric colorectal surgery is an emerging subspecialty from the global and regional evolution of paediatric surgery. We aimed to evaluate the spectrum, surgical management, and outcomes of congenital colorectalconditions in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective review of surgeries for congenital colorectal conditions performed over a five-year period. Data retrieved includes the patient's demographics, diagnosis, surgery performed and age at definitive surgery. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 27. Results: 35.2% of all congenital anomalies were colorectal conditions. We had 52 colorectal operations performed in 29 patients with a M: F of 1.2:1. Vestibular fistula (41.2%) and urinary fistula (35.3%) were commonest in males and female ARM respectively. The most performed surgeries were colostomies with 28.6% and 44.4% of HD and ARM respectively having definitive surgeries before their first birthdays. Re-operation rate was 7% and 11.1% had faecal soilage. Overall mortality was 11.1% Conclusion: Congenital colorectal conditions constituted a significant part of the workload of the paediatric surgeon and earlier age at presentation of ARM does not translate into earlier age at definitive surgery.
Objective: This is a preliminary report of endomeatal tympanoplasty in managing CSOM using a relatively new technique and material. Materials and Methods: Transcanal endoscopic approach for type I tympanoplasty over 1year using fascia lata graft. Results: There were 10 cases consisting of 3 males and 7 females with age range from 11 – 85 years (mean ± SD = 46.8 ±24.507). Ninety percent had complete closure of the perforation. Pre-operative PTAshowed; 20% mild HL, 20% moderate HL, 30% severe HL and 10% profound HL (Mean 46.54± 2.75dB). Pre-operative ABG was < 10dB in 10%, 10 – 25dB in 10%, 26 – 40dB in 40% and > 40dB in 40% of the patients (mean 30.0 ± 1.32dB). Post-operative PTA shows 25% mild and moderate HL each, 12.5% severe and profound HL each (mean = 42.5± 2.88dB). Post-operative ABG was < 10dB in 25%, 11 – 25dB in 37.5%, 26 – 40dB in 25% and > 40dB in 12.5% (mean 22.5±12.99dB) Conclusion: Endoscopic tympanoplasty is an effective for the treatment of patients with CSOM. It has excellent surgical outcome, limited complications and better cosmetic outcome.
Introduction: The availability and use of alcohol by commercial drivers is reportedly on the rise. This study investigated alcohol availability, consumption patterns among commercial drivers in Lagos motor parks, and the occurrence of road traffic incidents in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study used multistage sampling and interviewer-administered questionnaires for data collection; data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: Respondents were all male (228), aged predominantly between 30-49 years (57.0%), with high awareness (99.1%) and consumption of alcohol in motor parks in sachet and regular containers (96.1%). Despite 86% expressinga need to reduce alcohol intake, many perceived low risk of sanctions for drunk driving. Hazardous drinking behaviors were common, with the majority reporting impaired functioning (90.0%) and over half involved in road traffic incidents (56.6%), including fatalities. Conclusion: Commercial drivers exhibited high alcohol consumption, encouraged by the widespread availability of alcohol and herbal mixtures in motor parks. This pattern may likely contribute to problematic drinking and increased road traffic incidents. Road safety education and counselling, strengthening enforcement of the sachet alcohol ban, and improving alcohol testing and sanctions for drunk driving are recommended to enhance road safety.
Background: University counselling staff serve a frontline role in suicide prevention; however, evidence regarding their suicide literacy, stigma, and attitudes remains limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 46 counselling staff at a Nigerian university. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS), Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS), Attitude Towards Suicide Scale (ATTS), and Attitude Towards Suicide Prevention (ATSP) scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA examined associations. Principal component analysis was performed on stigma scale. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Awareness of help-seeking was high (97.8%); however, misconceptions persisted regarding depression, suicide, and interpretation of suicidal communication. Perceptions reflected strong empathy alongside residual stigmatising beliefs. Attitudes toward prevention were positive (ATSP mean = 52.3 ± 5.6), with females demonstrating significantly more positive attitudes (p < 0.001). Attitude toward suicide was positive (mean = 71.1 ± 5.5). Previous training showed no significant association with outcomes. Conclusion: Despite favourable preventive attitudes, gaps in suicide literacy and stigma remain, highlighting need for structured, evidence-based, and reflective suicide prevention training for university counselling staff.
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem all over the world. The estimated prevalence of HBV in Nigeria is 8.1% giving approximately 20 million people living with HBVinfection in Nigeria. Osun state belongs to the south western part of Nigeria. It has no state-specific prevalence rate for hepatitis B infection. Having a state prevalence for HBV infection will help in strategic planning by the state government in the control of the infection. The aim of this study was to compute the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Osun state, Nigeria using Methodology: The meta-analysis was carried out based on the standards of PRISMA. The study was carried out through a thorough and extensive search of various online information sources. The search strategy was done and developed by two independent authors. Result: After completing the search strategy, 121 articles in international databases literature were found. However, after screening and a complete review and full‐text evaluation, only 10 articles were entered into the meta‐analysis. The HBV prevalence in the results of the selected studies ranged from 2.3% to 43.6%, and after combining these studies, the overall prevalence of HBV in Osun State was 10.2% with a CI of 7.5%–12.8%. Conclusion: Hepatitis B viral infection is highly endemic in Osun state. With the prevalence of 10.2% from this study, the total number of individuals with the HBV infection in the state is approximately 500,000.
Aim: This study assessed men's knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding child home delivery and identified the determinants of their support for skilled facility-based childbirth in rural Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed from April to May 2025 across Akwanga, Keffi, and Lafia LGAs. Four hundred and forty-three married men aged 18–65 years were selected through multistage sampling. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire (Cronbach's α = 0.78; KR-20 = 0.72) and analyzed with SPSS v25 using descriptive statistics, χ² tests, and Pearson's r correlation at p < 0.05. Qualitative data were obtained from 12 FGDs (≈ 90 men), 21 IDIs, and 46 KIIs and analyzed thematically using NVivo. Results: Respondents' mean age = 37.6 ± 9.4 years; 48.3 % farmers, 39.7 % secondary education, 70.6 % Christians. Overall knowledge score = 7.1 ± 2.3 / 12. About 69 % knew skilled attendance reduces delivery risk, 63 % identified hemorrhage as danger sign, but 54 % still perceived home delivery as safe. Education significantly predicted knowledge (χ² = 24.7, df = 3, p = 0.000) and attitude (χ² = 19.4, p = 0.001). Income modestly correlated with positive attitude (r = 0.26). Qualitative findings revealed cultural norms, economic barriers, and emerging attitudinal shifts among younger educated men. Conclusion: Men's awareness of obstetric risks exists but remains constrained by sociocultural beliefs and economic hardship. Targeted male-focused health education, economic support, and community engagement are crucial to increase skilled birth attendance in rural Nasarawa State.
Aims: To describe atypical presentations of Lassa fever among maternity cases at a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria and highlight the significance for clinical diagnosis and infection control. Methods: Between January and March 2025, three patients (two pregnant women and one adult man) presented at Federal University Teaching Hospital in Lafia (FUTHL), Nasarawa State. The physical findings of the pregnant women did not align with the 'Case Definition of Viral Hemorrhaghic Fever (VHF)'. The history of travel/ contact with a Lassa fever case and non-response to medications made attending clinical physicians suspect VHF. Laboratory test using RT-PCR (5) was therefore requested for, and Lassa fever confirmed. Contact tracing and outcomes were documented and analyzed descriptively. Findings: The absence of classical case definition symptoms in the pregnant women (6) resulted to delayed diagnosis in all the cases. All three cases were managed but deaths recorded within 24 hours of presentation. Contact tracing revealed no secondary transmissions among the 64 identified contacts. Conclusion: Early recognition of Lassa fever cases, especially of pregnant women can be hindered by atypical presentations. Health care workers need to be aware of this for early case detection. A suspicion of Lassa fever will result in health care workers at health facilities employing adequate triage measures, strict adherence to Infection Prevention and Control measures including the immediate use of Personal Protective Equipment. All this will go a long way to reducing Lassa fever morbidity and mortality especially in maternal care.
Background: Depression is one of the common psychiatric co-morbidities among individuals with epilepsy. It significantly impacts the quality of life, treatment adherence, and seizure outcomes. Depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in low and middle income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression among people living with epilepsy (PWE) in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 people with epilepsy attending a Teaching Hospital in southwestern Nigeria. Participants were assessed using structured questionnaires alongside the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) to evaluate depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify independent and time-related predictors of depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 29%. Independent predictors of depression includes age ≤19 years (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), living alone (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.7), polytherapy (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3–3.2), AED side effects (OR = 3.87; 95% CI: 1.32–11.35), history of head trauma (OR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.18–9.89), and motor weakness (OR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.05–8.28). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with weekly seizures and those on polytherapy developed depression significantly earlier (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Depression is prevalent among individuals with epilepsy and is independently associated with younger age, social isolation, polytherapy, antiepileptic side effects, head trauma, and motor weakness. Routine depression screening and management are critical for improving patient outcomes.
Background: Gynatresia (vaginal stenosis) is the narrowing or complete occlusion of the vaginal canal. It clearly impacts the reproductive health of women. Its burden is enormous, leading to social, physical and psychological consequences. Though its incidence seems to be reducing in developed nations, this may not be true for low-andmiddle income countries. Cases need to be regularly reviewed so that it does not become one of those neglected tropical diseases. This review was therefore designed to document the factors associated with gynatresia and discuss their management. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of cases of gynatresia at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Gynatresia was defined clinically as inability to insert two fingers on vaginal examination. Relevant information regarding aetiology and management of gynatresia were extracted from medical records of patients. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 11 cases were reviewed. The age range was from 12 to 58 years. Three (27.3%) had congenital gynatresia while 8 (72.7%) had acquired gynatresia. The most common predisposing factor to gynatresia was insertion of harmful vaginal preparations as seen in 54.5% of the patients. Infertility was a major presenting complaint in women with acquired gynatresia as seen in 63.6% of cases. All the women successfully had surgical management. Conclusion: Gynatresia is a significant reproductive health challenge. Acquired gynatresia continues to occur following insertion of herbal vaginal preparations for presumed treatment of various disorders of the reproductive system.
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa. Prenatal screening offers an important preventive strategy by enabling early diagnosis and informed reproductive decisionmaking. However, uptake of SCD prenatal screening remains low in many resourcelimited settings. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes toward prenatal screening for sickle cell disease among participants attending university of Benin Teaching hospital, Benin city and to determine factors associated with willingness to participate in prenatal screening. Methods: This was a descriptive crosssectional study involving 80 participants selected using convenient sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured intervieweradministered questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of SCD prenatal screening, perceptions and attitudes toward screening and willingness to participate. Data were analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics and associations between socio-demographic variables and willingness to participate in prenatal screening were tested using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of participants clustered mainly within 35-44 years (46.3%) and the majority were female (86.3%) and married (82.5%). Only 51.3% of participants were aware of SCD prenatal screening and most lacked adequate knowledge of the screening methods (82.5%) and timing (73.8%). Although 60.0% of the participants expressed willingness to participate in prenatal screening, none had previously undergone the procedure. High cost (40.6%), fear of fetal harm (15.6%) and lack of information on service availability (28.1%) were the major barriers to uptake. Acceptance of pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of SCD was reported by 62.5% of willing participants while religious objections accounted for most refusals. There was no statistically significant association between age 2 and willingness to participate in prenatal screening (ꭓ = 3.144, p =0.208) Conclusion: Awareness of SCD prenatal screening among participants was moderate but detailed knowledge and uptake were poor despite generally positive attitudes. Addressing financial, informational, ethical and religious barriers through targeted health education, improved access and supportive policies is essential to enhance utilization of prenatal screening services in Nigeria.
Background: Doppler ultrasound of maternal uterine arteries (MUtA's) is critical for identifying preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnancy. Understanding differences in left and right uterine artery blood flow can enhance early detection and prognosis.Aim: This study establishes the difference in blood velocimetry between left and right MUtA's in normal Nigerian pregnancies (11-31 weeks of gestation).Method: A prospective longitudinal study involving 1,400 pregnant women used Doppler ultrasound every four weeks to measure indices in both uterine arteries.Results: Analysis of 1,176 participants showed significant differences in Doppler indices between left and right MUtA's, offering a predictive framework for identifying high-risk pregnancies.Implications for Practice: The study highlights the value of MUtA Doppler indices in predicting PE and IUGR, emphasizing understanding Doppler indices at various gestational ages and between uterine arteries to improvesonographic evaluations and tailor care. Standardizing Doppler ultrasound techniques in Nigeria can enhance prenatal care and prognosis.Conclusion: The study successfully delineated differences between left and right MUtA's, highlighting implications for predicting PE and IUGR.
Background: Nigeria ranks among the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden countries globally, accounting for a significant share of the regional and global TB caseload. Knowledge of TB and health-seeking behaviour are recognised as critical determinants of treatment adherence. This study assessed the baseline knowledge and health-seeking behaviour of TB patients in Lagos State, Nigeria, and identified their sociodemographic predictors. Methodology: This study presents baseline findings from a study conducted among 128 TB patients in Lagos State. Participants were recruited from tuberculosis patients receiving treatment at selected health facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria. A validated, intervieweradministered questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.77 was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data at the 5% significance level. Results: Overall, 60 participants (46.90%) had low baseline knowledge, and 68 (53.10%) had high knowledge. Overall treatment adherence was high among 67 participants (52.30%), while 61 (47.70%) had low treatment adherence. Binary logistic regression identified age as the only significant independent predictor of knowledge level. Participants aged 31–45 years had 82% lower odds of high knowledge compared to those aged ≥46 years (OR = 0.18, p < 0.001). Married participants had approximately 60% lower odds of high self-reported behaviour scores compared to unmarried participants (OR = 0.41, p = 0.04), and self-employed participants had approximately 3.4 times higher odds than unemployed participants (OR = 3.420, p = .027). Sex, education, and religion were not significant predictors in any model. Conclusion: Significant knowledge gaps were identified, particularly among the 31–45 age group, a key demographic of the workforce in Lagos State. Married and unemployed patients exhibited poorer health-seeking behaviour than their counterparts. Targeted health education programmes, occupation, and family-sensitive adherence-support strategies are recommended for TB control in Lagos State.
