Background: Lots of religious beliefs and doctrines among clergy in Christianity, Islam and traditional worshippers have determined the outcome of pregnancy and health of pregnant mothers in developing countries making them occasionally go through unnecessary risks of childbirth and postpartum conditions. Hence, a study to assess the influence of belief of religious leaders on the acceptance of Caesarean Section as a choice of child delivery is paramount. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April, 2023 among religious leaders and a total of 422 of them were selected randomly and interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: About 164(38.9%) were below 40 years, 272(64.5%) were males, 150(35.5%) were females; majority 273(64.7%) practice Christianity, 138(32.7%) practice Islam; 354(83.9%) belong to the Yoruba ethnic group; more than half of the respondents 293(69.4%) were married; 314(74.4%) had a nuclear family structure; majority 302(71.6%) had tertiary education; 186(44.1%) were employed, 168(39.8%) were self-employed. 372(88.2%) believed that Caesarean sections a method of child delivery; less than half 144(34.1%) believed that Caesarean section is only used for emergency; 151(35.8%) believed that Complications of caesarean section are more than normal vaginal delivery; 198(46.9%) believed that Caesarean section is an easy way of delivery; 82(19.4%) believed that Caesarean section benefits only the mother; 80(19.0%) believed that Caesarean section affects the bonding between mother and child; amongst others. Conclusion: The study reveals that religious leaders in Ogbomoso will require more scientific information about caesarean section, and a significant proportion of them hold misconceptions about the procedure. Nevertheless, the majority of the religious leaders in the study were willing to accept caesarean section as a mode of delivery. Given their role in influencing their members' health-seeking behaviour, religious leaders could play a significant role in improving maternal and child health outcomes in the community by promoting accurate information about caesarean section and encouraging its acceptance.

Breastfeeding is considered as the most complete nutritional source for an infant as it contains all that is needed for such infant to thrive and survive in the formative first year of life. Exclusive breast feeding implies giving a baby no other food, solid or water), except breast milk and it is encouraged to be practiced. However, in many developing countries like Nigeria this practice is not optimal. This study was carried out to examine the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding amongst mothers in Ogbomoso. This was cross sectional study which involved a total of 342 respondents. The questionnaire was pretested and was administered by interviewers. The mean age of the administered by interviewers. The mean age of the study participant was 40.06±11.14 years. Majority of the respondents(98.54%) were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding. Two hundred and thirty eight 238(69.6%) of the participants exclusively breastfed for six months, however One hundred and fifty one mothers accounting for 44.4% had started breastfeeding within one hour after delivery. Despite the knowledge of the mothers about exclusive breastfeeding, its practice was not satisfactory amongst respondents. This is due to mother's lack of formal education, poor antenatal care attendance and lack of support from husband. Promotion of women's education, job empowerment encouraging antenatal care and exclusive breastfeeding counseling during antenatal care are recommended to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice.

Prolapse of cervical fibroid is a rare but life threatening occurrence. This complication may occur early in some patients while in others it may follow complications like constipation, difficulty in micturition to mention a few. A 47 +o year old Para o lady presented to the Accident and Emergency Unit of our hospital with a two(2) day history of a huge mass protruding per vagina and a history of significant bleeding per vagina. Packed Cell Volume was 19% on admission and she had Four(4) units of blood transfused. She subsequently had examination under general anaesthesia and cervical myomectomy was done. Her Post Operative clinical state was satisfactory.

Background: Birth weight is a commonly used indicator of newborn maturity and health and a reliable predictor of postnatal survival. There is a need to determine the birth weight pattern and maternal factors that influence the birth weight in babies delivered at term. Objective: To determine the birth weight pattern and maternal factors influencing the birth weight of babies delivered at term. Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive study, the hospital records of all pregnant women who had childbirth at term in Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2020, were retrieved. Data on birth weight and maternal obstetric factors were retrieved for analysis. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 30.52 ± 5.23 years. A total of 1072 deliveries were recorded during the study period. These consisted of 580 (54.1%) males and 492 (45.9%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.18:1. The caesarean section rate was 37.7%. The mean birth weight was 3.15±0.56 kg, and male babies had a higher mean weight (3.186±0.535kg vs 3.14±0.493kg). Normal birth weight (NBW) was recorded among 90.3%, while low birth weight (LBW) and high birth weight (HBW) were 6.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Only maternal comorbidities (p = 0.0001) and number of gestation (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with birth weight. Conclusion: Maternal and foetal factors influenced the birth weights of the babies. Implementing measures to minimise the risk of delivering babies with abnormal birth weights is essential to improve newborn survival.

Background: Adolescent girls in developing countries may lack appropriate information, meansor materials, and access to the right sanitary facilities to manage menstruation. Hence, they haveadopted unsafe hygienic practices during menstruation that in turn have a negative impact ontheir health and education. Aim: Thus, this study aimed to assess the pattern and practices ofmenstrual hygiene and its associated factors among secondary school girls in Ogbomoso.Methodology: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2022 amongsecondary school girls. A total of 460 girls were selected randomly and interviewed using astructured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was employed toidentify predictors of good menstrual hygiene management practices. Results: Overall, 76.3% ofthe girls had satisfactory menstrual hygiene management practices. (88%) of them usedcommercial sanitary pads as absorbent, 56.4% changed sanitary materials more than three timesa day, 22% of them experienced restrictions and 68.3% cleaned their external genitalia dailyduring their menstruation. 37.1% of the respondents reused the absorbent material and 86.8 usedsoap and water to wash the absorbent material being reused, while 58.9% dried the absorbentmaterials indoors. 51% of the respondents change the absorbent material thrice a day and above70% change in the bathroom. The majority of the respondents disposed of the absorbentmaterial by burning (64.8%) while 27.9% disposed of the materials in the toilet. Conclusion: Inthis study, the practice of proper menstrual hygiene management of secondary schoolgirls wasquite satisfactory when compared with findings in previous studies in the same geographicalarea. The majority of the respondents had mothers with tertiary education and these motherswere mainly responsible for the provision of information about menstruation and its hygienemanagement. Hence, it is important to state that the role of mothers, their level of education andthe information about menstrual hygiene cannot be overemphasized as it pertains to knowledgeof menstruation and the practice of menstrual hygiene.

Background: Uterine rupture is a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality, it usually has a devastating outcome if not promptly attended to. The study determined the trends, risk factors, feto-maternal outcomes following uterine rupture as seen at ASYBSH. Method: The study was a retrospective review of cases of uterine rupture managed at the ASYBSH between March 2015 and February 2021. Records of the theatre and labour wards were searched and the folders of patients with uterine rupture were retrieved. Relevant information such as socio- demographic variables, booking status, clinical presentations were retrieved and entered into a structured profoma. Results: Deliveries in the hospital during the period were eleven thousand four hundred and twenty (11,420), out of which one hundred and fifty-six (156) were complicated by uterine rupture giving an overall incidence of 1.36 percent or one in every seventy-four (74) deliveries. Uterine rupture occurred mainly among women of low socio-economic status and high parity. The major predisposing factors were injudicious use of oxytocin (62.8%) prolonged obstructed labour (19.8%), previous caesarean section scar (8.5%), use of misoprostol (5.3%), fundal pressure (2.4%) and unexplained factors (1.2%) Conclusion: Uterine rupture remains a devastating obstetric calamity with a high incidence. Injudicious use of oxytocin, prolonged obstructed labour and previous caesarean section scar were the three leading predisposing factors identified in this study.

Antenatal care (ANC) involves a planned and coordinated medical and psychosocial support that optimally begins before conception and extends throughout the antepartum period. Routine laboratory tests at booking are part of this range of evidence-based interventions to ensure healthy mothers and infants. The usual recommended routine ANC laboratory tests in low resource countries include; packed Cell Volume (PCV), Blood/Rhesus group, Hemoglobin genotype, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and urinalysis. A review of Antenatal booking investigation results of consecutive presenting pregnant women at Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomoso between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 were analyzed alongside with other relevant information such as age, parity, occupation, level of education, year of last childbirth. Eight hundred and fifty-two pregnant women participated in the study, out of which 522 (61.3%) were <30 years while 312 (36.6%) and 18 (2.1%) were 30-39 years and ≥40 years respectively. Most of the women were age 20 – 29 years (60.6%) and only 2 (0.7%) were teenagers. Majority of the participants had parity of 1-4 (94.7%) while only 33 were grand multiparous. A total of 387 (45.4) women had normal PCV while 465 (54.6) had a PCV in the range of mild to moderate anaemia. None was severely anaemic. The commonest blood group was ‘O’ 390 (45.7%). Most of the mothers 771 (90.4%) were Rhesus D positive while 81 (9.6%) of them were negative. Only three women were positive for HIV while 6 and 78 women had a positive VDRL and HbSAg test results respectively. Most of the women are young (<40 years), have blood group O rhesus D positive and were anaemic at booking. Most of the participants are non-reactive to VDRL, HIV and HBsAg tests. The high percentage of anaemic cases in this study have justified the critical role of routine ANC laboratory tests in providing prompt detection and thus modification or management of pre-existing conditions or risk factors that may influence the course and outcome of pregnancy and labour.

Background: Gynaecological malignancies are cancers that occur in or on a woman's reproductive organs and genitals which includes the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The prevalence of gynaecological malignancies varies from one country to another. The factors responsible for the observed variance includes lifestyle, dietary pattern, level of education and the sophistication of health care system. This study aims to identify the pattern and clinical presentations of gynaecological malignancies at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso over a five-year period.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving one hundred and twenty-three (123) patients with a histological diagnosis of gynecological malignancy.Results: Patients with gynaecological malignancies accounted for 3.6% of the patients seen in the period under review. Majority of these patients were multiparous and between the age range of 50 and 69 years. The commonest form of gynaecological malignancy seen was cervical cancer.Conclusion: Health care programs and policies that strengthen public awareness campaigns, health education and health promotion like human papilloma virus vaccination and follow up surveillance will help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with gynaecological malignancies. Keywords: appraisal, pattern, presentation, gynaecological malignancies

Genitourinary fistulas usually have devastating consequences on a woman's reproductive health. vesicouterine fistulae though uncommon variant of genitourinary fistula, are usually due to iatrogenic etiologies. The case reported was diagnosed after second caesarean section when she was being evaluated for secondary infertility. Keywords: Youseff 'syndrome, Amenorrhea, Caesarean Section, Fistula,

Carvenous hemangioma of the uterine cervix is a rare clinical condition which has the potential of being life threatening. This rare clinical condition can manifest with patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, menorrhagia with eventual anaemia. The case report here is that of a 27 year old Para o+o lady who was admitted to the Accident and Emergency Unit of our hospital with a day history of a huge mass protruding per vagina and a history of significant bleeding per vagina. Packed cell volume was 16% on admission and she had 4 units of blood transfused. She subsequently had examination under anaesthesia and excision of the prolapsed mass done via the vaginal route. Histology of the excised mass was in keeping with cavernous hemangioma of the uterus. Her Postoperative clinical state was satisfactory.

Background: Traditionally, majority of the family planning services and campaigns focus on women without much consideration given to their male partners. In our society, there is bias, myth and misconception about vasectomy, this has resulted in a significant reduction in the willingness of men to seek vasectomy as a means of family planning. This study aims to identify the level of awareness and acceptance of male sterilization among men in Ogbomoso, south west Nigeria.Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey carried out among men in Ogbomoso, participation was voluntary and three hundred men had the questionnaires complete and suitable for analysis.Result: This study revealed a high level of awareness of family planning methods among men in Ogbomoso. However, less than half of these men agreed that men should be involved in family planning despite a higher number of the respondents being aware of vasectomy as a means of contraception. The common reasons for not accepting of vasectomy varied from preference for other methods of contraception, cultural taboos, religious sentiments, similarity to castration , fear for surgery and surgical complications.Conclusion: Renewed effort has to be made which will be aimed at improving the level of information about vasectomy in the public domain especially by the media and health care workers. This effort should also be targeted at religious organizations, clerics and traditional institutions this is because most of these misconceptions have deep rooted religious and cultural sentiments. This can also be achieved by ensuring synergy between government, non governmental organizations,advocacy groups,traditional and religious rulers.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, acceptance, vasectomy, male sterilization

Background: Menstruation has more profound effect on quality of education than other aspect of puberty because it involves a learning component as well as elements affected by the school environment and infrastructure. It is, therefore, imperative to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Secondary School girls in Ogbomoso on the subject of menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out between June and August 2016. A total of 447 eligible female adolescent secondary school students were selected by multistage sampling technique. A semi-structured facilitated self- administered questionnaire was used. Results: Majority (96.4%) of the adolescents have heard about menstruation before menarche while 55.9% had good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Despite the high level of knowledge, about 64% of the respondents describe their response to their first menses as scary, discomforting or emotionally disturbing. Also, only 25% of the respondents had good menstrual hygiene practice. Factors that were significantly associated with good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene in this study were older adolescent age (15-19 years) (χ 2 =47.68, P<0.0001); adolescents whose mothers have greater than secondary school education (χ 2 =42.52, P<0.0001); and those living with their parents (χ 2 =123.9 ,P=0.001)  while only living with parents significantly influenced good practices. Conclusions: The study concluded that majority of the adolescents do not observe good hygienic practice during menstruation despite relatively good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Efforts have to be put into ensuring that adolescents are well educated on the meaning of menstruation, the importance of good hygienic practice both in schools and at home.

‘Maternal near-miss’ is defined as a woman who nearly died during pregnancy or following delivery but survived. The story of many women in sub Saharan Africa is that of an escape from death if they do eventually have a safe delivery.1This situation is not unconnected to several factors as it concerns these women, their families, the society and the choices they make.

Background: This study examined the meaning of infertility from layman's perspective, and experiences of women suffering from infertility among reproductive age women seeking care at the gynaecology unit of the Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were employed. Quantitative data collection was by the aid of a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire among 200 women seeking care for infertility at the hospital. Qualitative data collection was by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Result: Approximately 40% and 60% of the respondents seeking care for infertility were suffering from primary and secondary infertility respectively. Perceived meaning and etiologies of childlessness were multidimensional, but 33% of the respondents not sure of the causal factor. Seventy-nine percent were under pressure to become pregnant. The high premium placed on fertility within marriage has placed a larger proportion of them under pressure from their husbands (25%), their mother-in-laws (40%), and the community (14%). Conclusion: This study concluded that women regard infertility to be caused by multiplicity of factors. Most of these etiologies were unscientific and unverifiable. Fruitful expectations also put enormous burden on those women suffering from infertility including adverse psychosexual effects. The unceasing pressure due to infertility in this group of patients calls for urgent intervention as most of these women become susceptible to high risk sexual behavior, depression and other severe consequences.

Ogunlaja OAa, Fehintola AOa, Ogunlaja IPb, Idowu Ac, Abiola OOd, Bojuwoye MOe a. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria b. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, General Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria c. Department of Community Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria d. Department of Surgery, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria e. Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, University Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

Context : Hysterectomy is a major gynaecological surgical procedure which involves the removal of the uterus, occasionally structures in the adnexae are removed alongside depending on the need to do so. Hysterectomy can be approached Abdominally, vaginally or even with laparoscopic assistance. Objective : This study was embarked on to ascertain the prevalence, indication, pattern and outcome of hysterectomy over a four (4) year period. Study design, Settings and Subjects : This study is a four (4) year retrospective review of all cases of hysterectomy either for gynaecological or obstetric reasons managed at BUTH from 1st January 2011 through 31st December 2014. Result : During the period under review a total of 127 hysterectomies were done for gynaecological and obstetrical indications, However, only 103 case records were available. Gynaecological indication was the reason for hysterectomy in 95 (92.2%) , while the remaining 8 (7.8%) had hysterectomy for Obstetrical indications. The mean age of patients in our study was 49.2±12.6 years; there was an age distribution of 18-90 years. The mean age of patients who had abdominal hysterectomy was 45.3±7.4 years, while the mean age for patients who had vaginal hysterectomy was 68.7±5.3 years. Abdominal hysterectomy accounted for 90( 87.4%) , while vaginal hysterectomy accounted for the remaining 13(12.6%) ; there was no case of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy done. There were three(3) deaths following emergency hysterectomy performed on account of primary postpartum haemorrhage. Conclusion : Hysterectomy remains a major gynaecological procedure. Necessary steps are needed to ensure that gynaecologist acquire skills for hysterectomy especially vaginal hysterectomy and even laparoscopic assisted hysterectomy.

Objective: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) as a gynaecological problem is very common especially in multipara. This condition is important to gynaecologists practicing in Sub-Saharan Africa because of its strong link with multiparity, poor conduct of labour, and most importantly, its role as a cause of chronic morbidity in many post-menopausal women necessitating major gynaecological surgeries. Methods: A retrospective study of utero-vaginal prolapse to determine the prevalence, presentation , management patterns and complications of UVP at the Bowen University Teaching Hospital , Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014. Relevant data were obtained from the case notes, which included age, parity, presenting symptoms, number of living children, types of delivery, types of surgical management and associated operative morbidity and mortality. The data were presented as simple percentages. Results: The prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse was 5.4%. The mean age at presentation was 51.4± 3.3 years. The mean parity was 4.2± 1.6. Fifty-six (90.3%) of them were at least 40 years old . Majority of the patients( 80.6%) were grand-multiparous. The commonest symptom was 'something coming down the vagina' in 96% of the study subjects. Difficult labour was found to be the most common associated factor in 47 (76.2%) of the patients Second degree prolapse was the commonest type of presentation (74.2%). The most common form of treatment offered was vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair, 46 (74.2%) of the patients. Twenty -four (38.7%) patients had vaginal pessaries inserted for various degrees of UVP. Conclusion: Uterovaginal prolapse is a common gynaecological condition of the parous and elderly postmenopausal women associated with a decreased body image and quality of life. Supervised hospital deliveries and limiting the family size by efficient contraception deserve priority attention to prevent this social malady. Keywords: Difficult labour, uterovaginal prolapse, hysterectomy, multiparity