With the rapid development of the Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language Program(TCFLG),the conflicts between the lack of TCFL teachers and the international students' stronger individual demands in their learning of Chinese and Chinese culture have emerged.Meanwhile,there exist quite a few problems concerning the practice patterns of both undergraduate and postgraduate students majoring in TCFL.With such concerns and through drawing the successful experience of the American graduate teaching assistant system,this paper analyzes the policies,theoretical and realistic bases and the mechanism for the student teaching assistants in TCFLG.
Based on the survey data of the Spoken Development Courses of American CLS Program in Suzhou,this paper examines the interrelations among the use of scaffolding teaching,the efficiency estimation of scaffolding by learners,and the result of learners' acquisition.This research demonstrates that learners' rating for scaffolding is affected by how much scaffolding teaching is used,and the three scaffoldings of interest-arousing strategy,the maintenance of the target and the frustration control are key factors that determine learners' short-term acquisition.These three motivational scaffoldings aim to encourage learners to have self-adjustment.It suggests that straight-forward scaffolding should be reduced while motivational scaffolding should be highly valued in TCSL classroom.Teachers should design more scaffoldings related to learners' experience.
This paper discusses the concept and implications of multi-motivational managementthat covers the government of the target country,the people and the students involved in the multilevel international Chinese education in the new situation,and its application to the Teaching of Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages.
Essays on International Chinese Language Education by Zhao Jin mingcollects 19 academic papers and 21 prefaces to academic works published between 2005 and 2012by Professor Zhao Jinming,which is a landmark work for the disciplinary construction and development of international Chinese education.This paper gives a comprehensive review of this work and Professor Zhaou0027s academic achievements in the past fifty years,including his guidance in the disciplinary construction of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and International Chinese Education as well as his influence in this field.
The standard-based teaching is a popular teaching mode in the foreign language teaching circle in USA.The key point of this teaching mode is to implement the standards of foreign language learning throughout the whole teaching process.By doing so,the teaching goal,the teaching content and assessment can be kept in accordance.Through the control of the whole teaching process,"UBD design mode"is such an effective way to prompt the standard-based foreign language teaching that it is used widely in USA.And it also has much significance to the writing of K-12 Chinese Teaching Plan in USA.
As for the constraints on the intra-sentential co-reference of the Chinese pronouns,the formal syntax pays more attention to the syntactic factors and less attention to the pragmatic factors,which makes it difficult to give a satisfactory answer.The application of the frequency statistics in this research has solved some problems like the subordinate pronoun co-reference and the pronoun co-reference in complex sentences which the formal grammar has failed to expound.Through a study of four aspects,the research concludes that syntax is not the only condition which constricts the co-reference of Chinese pronouns.Besides,predicate and frequency also play a role but the prominence of their constraints varies with the change of the sentence type.
With 304 Southeast Asian language majors from a university in Yunnan as the samples and the language study motivation theories as the theoretical framework,this study has explored the motivational types of these samples by employing an empirical quantitative questionnaire survey.The result has revealed eight motivational factors,namely,integrative motivation,heritage language motivation,instrumental motivation,intrinsic motivation,cooperative motivation,task value motivation,motivational intensity and study anxiety.The students' motivational intensity is relatively strong;their task value identity is intense,too;as for their motivational types,they are more integratively motivated than instrumentally motivated;their study anxiety is relatively low.
To explore the dynamic evolution laws of the impacts of urbanization on carbon emissions has a reference value to formulate carbon emission reduction policies under the background of urbanization evolution.A total of 16 indicators,including urban population proportion,were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation system of urbanization.The entropy method was used to estimate the urbanization composite index.Through STIRPAT model and introducing the quadratic term of urbanization composite index,a simple model of Kuznets curve between urbanization and carbon emissions was established.The partial least squares regression analysis method was adopted to investigate the evolutionary relationships between urbanization and carbon emissions.The results showed that:1 The urbanization composite index of Anhui Province rose from0.047 5in 1996 to 0.994 0in 2012;2 the elasticity coefficients of population,technology and industrial structure on changes in carbon emissions were 0.015 817,-0.130 286 and 0.033 898respectively;3 the linear and quadratic coefficients of economic development level were both positive,and no environmental Kuznets inverted U-shaped relationship was identified between economic development and carbon emissions;4 the linear and quadratic coefficients of urbanization composite index was 0.344 428and-0.907 312 respectively,and the relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions fitted the inverted U-shaped curve.When urbanization composite index was 1.209016,urbanization made the most impacts on carbon emissions.With further enhancing the comprehensive level of urbanization,its impact on carbon emissions would be mitigated.Therefore,the carbon reduction targets of Anhui Province can be achieved by optimizing industrial structure,promoting technological progress,controlling population growth,improving the comprehensive level of urbanization and other initiatives.
From the aspects of the typical colors of the schools,the clothing of the teachers and students as well as the school buildings,this paper gives a statistic analysis of 35 middle schools in Thailand.On the basis of this,the paper adopts the relevant theoretical elements in cognitive linguistics to analyze the metaphorical meanings of the colors of yellow,blue,white and purple.The paper finally puts forward some suggestions for the teaching of color words in the Chinese language in Thailand.
The teaching of Chinese characters plays an inseparable part in TCSL.With the further development of TCSL,the research on the teaching of Chinese characters has also made much progress.With the help of CNKI,this paper gives a summary review of the papers on the teaching of Chinese characters in six core TCSL journals in China,that is,Chinese Teaching in the World,Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies,Applied Linguistics,Chinese Language Learning,Journal of Yunnan Normal University:Teaching Chinese as a Second Language,and TCSOL Studies.It concludes that the related studies fall into the core category and the peripheral category,and the former has three focuses from the perspectives of the teaching methods,the Chinese characters proper and the learners.The latter focuses on four aspects from the perspectives of the compilation of Chinese-character textbooks,the error analysis,the differences in the teaching of Chinese characters to international and domestic students,and Chinese-character culture and Chinese-character teaching.
In this paper,we compile the radio emission flux FR,X-ray emission flux FX,γ-ray emission flux Fγand some other physical parameters of 818 Fermi blazars(including 327 BL Lac and 491FRSQs).Based on the synchrotron peak frequencyνSpeak,we categorize the sample as highsynchrotron-peaked blazar(HSP),intermediate-synchrotron-peaked blazar(ISP)and low-synchrotronpeaked blazar(LSP).We analyze the correlations of Multi-wavelength Emissions. Our results show that:(1)there is a significantly correlation between Fγand FRin the HSP and the ISP,but a weak correlation exist in LSP;(2)a weak correlation in found between Fγand FXin the HSP,the ISP and the LSP;(3)for the HSP,there is a weak correlation between FRand FX;in the ISP,there is no correlation between them;but a significantly correlation between FRand FXexist in LSP.These are in agreement with the Dondi′s and Fan′s results that is deduced from the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope(EGRET)data.Our results suggest that the Fermiγ-ray derives from the synchrotron self-Compton(SSC)process.
Segmentation is a key stylistic indicator of Ci poetry,while its double tune is one maj or form.Focusing on the musical performance system in the Tang and Five Dynasties,this paper ex-plores the connection between musical forms and Ci structures,and reveals the musicological origin of Ci's evolution and the hinge of structural transformation from music to literature in order to prove that the double tune is generated from the singing in an antiphonal style.
Through open-ended questionnaires about the social and psychological adaptation of the Thai students learning in Beijing,this paper concludes that these Thai students from different parts of Thailand can adapt fairly well to the study and life in China,and their individual differences have little effect on their adaption to the Chinese lifestyle.It points out that Thailand is a Buddhist country,and the Thai people are mild-tempered and psychologically relaxed.Most of them are Chinese-Thais who know some Chinese culture and can learn Chinese fairly easily.Though the Thai undergraduates and graduate students have some pressure from their learning process,they can get relaxed through travelling.They do not worry about employment in Thailand after they have accomplished their study in China.It is clear that most Thai students learning in China are psychologically healthy,friendly and nobody suffers from severe depression.Of the students from the top six countries in terms of the number of the students learning in China,the Thai students are the best in terms of social adaptation or psychological adaptation.
New Stories of the Personages in the Wei-J in Dynasty has clear records of the dramatic transformation of aesthetics.Wang Dao's construction of the capital city Jiankang reveals various cau-ses for this aesthetic transformation,but the key factor was the shift of the cultural center and the cultural exchanges between the North and the South of China,which made the ritual-musical aesthet-ics represented by Confucianism transformed into a natural aesthetics.Wang Dao's pursuit of a deli-cate and intangible beauty was a new regional aesthetics and indicated a dramatic transformation of aesthetics in the Wei-Jin dynasty.
Most people believe that any illegal use of patent products shall bear the consequent liabil-ities,which is not the unique conclusion of legal hermeneutics.It may result in some unfair distribu-tion of interests if the aforesaid mainstream view is implemented in all cases.In the current judicial practice as well as in the future revision of the Chinese Patent Law,it is necessary to distinguish dif-ferent kinds of illegal use of patent products,and define different liabilities.For the illegal use of pa-tent products for public interests or the purchase of such products out of good will,the patentee should not ask for more liabilities if he is fully compensated.
With a historical account of the researches on the history of Chinese philosophy and the history of Chinese ethnic minority philosophy,this paper gives an incisive theoretical analysis of the ethnic groups,cultures,national spirit and philosophic thoughts as well as their relations.Then,it proposes the concepts of “ethnic philosophic thought”and “history of ethnic philosophic thought”and holds that the history of philosophic thought is different from the academic history of philosophy, while the history of ethnic philosophic thought is different from the science-based history of philoso-phy and the ideology-based history of philosophy.This understanding will help the history of Chinese ethnic minority philosophy have its own concepts and methods.The history of Chinese ethnic minori-ty philosophy is an inseparable part of the history of the philosophic thought of the Chinese nation. The basic structure of the Chinese nation with its feature of diversity in unity is the logical and narra-tive structure of the history of Chinese ethnic minority philosophy.
With the rapid development of wireless location technology,its application in all walks of life become more and more widespread.Based on the study and analysis of the basic application status of wireless location technology in wireless sensor networks and the currently used localization algorithms,the position of mobile nodes was studied based on the main idea of RSSI and trilateration algorithm.A wireless sensor network was set up based on the ZigBee system chip CC2530,and hardware and software were designed and realized.Finally the effectiveness and feasibility of the study were verified through experiments.
Language is a kind of resources.It can serve the political,economic and cultural development of a given country,but its service value is not fully revealed.The integration of its theory with its practice relies on both workable suggestions and the formulation and implementation of the related policies.
In the process of anaerobic digestion degradation with glucose as the substrate,we compared single IC anaerobic reactor with two IC anaerobic reactors in series on the bases of the changes of volatile fatty acids.It came to a conclusion that under the condition of the glucose water with COD ranged from 4 000 to 5 500 mg/L,two IC anaerobic reactors in series of COD degradation rate was higher than single.And butyrate-type fermentation were more likely to occur in the two IC reactors in series than the single one.Furthermore,the energy utilization rate of two anaerobic reactor was 1.22 times of the single reactor.
The core countries along the One Belt and One Road refer to the five countries of Central Asia along the Ancient Silk Road and the countries in Southeast and South Asia along the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road.Quite a few similar ethnic groups and languages have been found both in China and in these countries.This paper gives a comprehensive list of the shared languages in the four countries in Central Asia and another four in Southeast Asia,and makes a comparative study of their language identity,language status and the composition of their writing systems.
