The results show that in the Nigerian banking industry, both transactional and transformational leadership styles have a big impact on employee commitment. Results show that a 1% increase in transactional leadership leads to a 24% rise in employee commitment and a 1% increase in transformational leadership leads to a 21% increase in employee commitment. This shows how important leadership is for encouraging people to be dedicated and stay with the company. This research lends credence to the Full Range Leadership Theory (FRLT), which states that transactional and transformational leadership styles work hand in hand to motivate workers. In light of these findings, it is advised that Nigerian financial institutions implement a well-rounded strategy for leadership that combines inspiring vision-setting with organised incentive programs to boost employee dedication and overall productivity. The following suggestions for improving bank employees’ dedication in Nigeria are derived from the study’s findings: Leadership styles have a big impact on employee engagement, thus banks should incorporate both transformational and transactional approaches. While transactional leadership is useful for setting clear goals and rewarding good performance, transformational leadership is more focused on inspiring and motivating employees. For managers to be able to implement successful leadership styles, financial institutions should put money into leadership development programs. Improving employee engagement should be the primary goal of training programs that aim to cultivate transformational leadership behaviours. These behaviours include providing personalised attention, inspiring others, and stimulating their minds.
Financial assistants driven by artificial intelligence offer a continuously and readily available service that includes assistance on investment plans, understanding of spending trends, and even answers to questions about banking-related activities. The banking sector's adoption of AI-powered financial assistants is completely changing the way financial services are delivered by offering convenience, individualized offerings, and improved efficient performance. The use of AI-powered financial assistants for banking-related operations is the most recent technical advancement in the banking sector. The aim of the current study is to investigate how demographic variables, such as age, affect customers' adoption factors of AI-driven financial assistants, given that more and more consumers are leaning toward tech-based services. The study used an adapted questionnaire to gather primary data, which included the dependent variable Behavioural Intention to use AI-driven financial assistants and the six primary adoption factors of AI-driven financial assistants: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Trust, and Personal Innovativeness. The data was collected from Haryana's banking customers via a survey. The results were determined using ANOVA. The study's findings demonstrate that, depending on the respondents' ages, customers' adoption factors of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Trust, and Personal Innovativeness vary significantly. Additionally, behavioral intention to use AIFA differentiates groups according to the customers' ages. The results of this study will help banks and other financial institutions better understand their customers.
This literature review explores the transformative synergy between blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of accounting, demonstrating how their integration can improve accuracy, audit efficiency, and fraud detection capabilities. Blockchain's immutable ledger provides a verifiable data foundation, enabling AI to perform advanced analytics, automate reconciliation, and facilitate continuous, real-time auditing. Based on principal-agent and stakeholder theories, this integration reduces information asymmetry and promotes transparent collaboration. However, several challenges remain, including scalability, data privacy, algorithmic bias, and resource constraints for small businesses. The review concludes that this integration represents a paradigm shift in financial auditing from cyclical to continuous auditing and calls for future research to develop standardized, scalable solutions to overcome these implementation barriers while maximizing the potential of digital accounting.
The rise of livestream shopping has revolutionized the retail landscape, offering a dynamic and interactive platform for brands to connect with consumers in real-time. This innovative approach transcends the limitations of traditional online shopping by fostering a sense of community, immediacy, and entertainment. This research delves into the intriguing interplay between user-generated content (UGC) and purchase intention in livestream shopping, exploring its potential role as a mediator shaping consumer perceptions and purchase decisions. This research focus on the mediation variable UGC and its effect on livestream shopping experiences and purchase intention. 260 samples were collected for the study and PLS SEM was used to understand the mediating effect of content of UGC and perceived value on livestream shopping and purchase intention. The study concluded that there is a linear UGC has a partial mediating effect on livestream shopping and purchase intention.
In today’s highly competitive business world, the capability to attain work-life balance has become more complicated. Developing a healthy work-life balance benefits employees' relationships and general health, but it can also boost productivity at work. Work-life balance is the pharmaceutical industry's current special concern. While striving for success and advancement at work, employees also want to make time for their families and hobbies. Employers have realised that finding a balance between these two extremes is crucial to preventing employee burnout. As a result, they are implementing work-life balance plans, strategies, and policies to boost staff morale, motivation, and productivity. Work-life policies help employees stay with the company longer and lower absenteeism. The study articulates the various issues and initiatives related to work-life balance concerning the pharmaceutical companies. In the recent times, the pharmaceutical sector has experienced boom and has generated significant levels of employment. This sector is driven by intense competition for higher levels of productivity and thereby creating pressure on the employees to continuously enhance their performance levels. This has resulted in the employees experiencing high level of stress due to conflicting interest of work and personal life. This has thrown up the need for extensive research in the area and to identify the factors leading to work-life imbalance and the current status of organisational practices to deal with this fact in the pharmaceutical sector.
Sweets and savories are gaining prominence these days, and their demand is also increasing appreciably to satisfy the taste of human beings. These products are renowned not best in India but even in remote areas. Thus, there is a tremendous amount of scope for those products and could prove to be an excellent, worthwhile business. Mishra Food Products is one of the major food industries with fame and recognition due to its brand Dharwad Pedha and other various goodies, apart from savories. Starting with lowly beginnings at Hubli during 1933, Mishra Sweets went on to rise into a household name of Karnataka. Nowadays, the organization is enjoying a well-known logo image and is becoming popularized throughout society. The task accomplished at Mishra Food Products is to identify Factors Affecting customer satisfaction in the Indian snack sector. The investigation was completed by gathering 150 responses from buyers of Mishra's in plenty of cities around Karnataka. Further, a review has been conducted to find out the aims of the report in terms of primary and secondary sources of information collection. The outcome become evaluated the application of the SPSS, KMO and Bartlett's test, and mainly based on this assessment few findings and indications are presented. The task is an effort to comprehend the Factors Affecting customer satisfaction in the Indian snack industry, which assists in comprehending customers' preferences.
In today's intensely competitive business landscape, aligning an organization’s overarching strategic direction with its capacity planning has become crucial for achieving operational excellence and sustained profitability. This paper delves into the foundational aspects of corporate strategy and the principles of capacity utilization, explaining key constructs such as theoretical, practical, normal, expected, licensed, and installed capacities. It also investigates how the level of capacity utilization influences unit cost and overall operational performance. The issue of idle capacity is explored alongside strategic and tactical approaches to enhance the deployment of resources on an ex-ante basis with a view to ensure that the planned bottom line is actually achieved. From a conceptual standpoint, this paper highlights the importance of data-driven decision-making in capacity planning as a driver of sustainability through competitive advantage—especially within the manufacturing and service sectors by offering insights that link strategic planning with capacity management. The paper aims to assist business leaders, professionals, and management students in developing an integrated view as to how effective capacity utilization supports corporate objectives by facilitating overall organizational effectiveness and efficiency.
This paper looks at how the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) interacts with the ongoing talks for the India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It focuses on the challenges and opportunities this situation creates for India. The CBAM is part of the EU's "Fit for 55" climate initiative and places carbon costs on imports of energy-intensive products like steel, aluminium, and cement. While the FTA aims to improve global market access, lower tariffs, and increase investment flows, the CBAM could undermine these advantages by raising compliance costs for Indian exporters, especially in carbon-heavy industries and small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Using a qualitative research approach and analyzing secondary data like academic studies, policy reports, and trade statistics, the study explores the legal, political, and economic effects of CBAM on India's trade competitiveness. It shows how carbon-heavy sectors and MSMEs might be hit hard, struggling to meet strict reporting requirements due to limited financial and technical resources. Still, the FTA could provide India with strategic advantages, such as greater market access, technology transfers, and partnerships in clean energy. The findings highlight the need for India to adopt a balanced strategy. This includes negotiating for phased compliance and securing transitional support for vulnerable industries. The paper concludes that connecting trade goals with climate commitments and viewing CBAM as both a challenge and an opportunity for collaboration will help India safeguard its trade interests, improve competitiveness, and encourage sustainable growth in the context of global climate governance.
The study explores a very interesting aspect regarding the interaction between green finance, ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) performance and technology driven sustainability practices among the publicly listed firms in Indian scenario. The study examines a sample of 50 companies derived from energy, steel and cement industry which is considered to be highly carbon emitted industries. The data were extracted from CMIE database software. The statistical tools like regression and correlation were utilized which highlighted a significant and positive link between ESG performance and green financial initiatives.
With the expansion of healthcare services, effective management of healthcare waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, has become a concern to prevent and control pollution to ensure environmental sustainability. Out of the healthcare wastes, clinical waste management is the most important for healthcare managers. Clinical waste management includes segregation, transportation, storage, and treatment of waste, and may face challenges due to inadequate segregation, improper collection, transportation bottlenecks, storage issues, and frequent breakdowns of incinerators. This study aimed to assess the current clinical waste management system in Gampaha District's major curative healthcare institutions. The specific objectives were to assess the current state of clinical waste management, identify problems in the existing system, and propose recommendations for improvement. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in all secondary (n=4) and tertiary care (n=1) hospitals in the district from September to October 2022. Qualitative data were collected on the existing waste management practices, associated problems, and gaps through semi-structured key informant interviews, direct observations, and desk reviews of secondary data. Content analysis method was used to analyze data. The major problem was identified and analyzed to identify the root-causes. Results indicated that all those institutions incinerate clinical waste, and, in most instances, general waste is added to the clinical waste increasing the incinerating waste. Improper collection of large amounts of waste to incinerate, comprising both clinical and general waste was the major problem in the current state of clinical waste management in the district. This is an additional strain on waste management resources. The root-causes for this were inadequate waste segregation caused by knowledge and attitude gaps and inefficiencies in local general-waste collection systems. Solutions for the root-causes were identified as the initiation of discussions with local authorities to streamline general waste disposal processes, development of Standard Operating Procedures for waste management, supervisory plans for waste management processes, and regular waste audits for performance evaluation. These solutions can be implemented by enhancing infrastructure for waste segregation, training the staff handling waste, establishing a district waste management committee, and conducting regular waste audits. In conclusion, there are clinical waste management issues in the Gampaha district due to the collection of large amounts of waste to incinerate. Improving clinical waste management practices in Gampaha District's healthcare institutions through a collaborative approach involving local authorities, healthcare institutions, and the Regional Director of Health Service is essential for sustainable clinical waste management, to safeguard public health and prevent pollution.
Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 salaried women from healthcare, education, and banking in Himachal Pradesh, this study examines financial education initiatives and the extent to which they deliver gains in knowledge, shifts in behaviour, and participant satisfaction. After attending the programmes, respondents reported a clearer grasp of everyday money tasks budgeting, routine saving, and debt/EMI management. Two recurring constraints, however, limited use in daily life: thin local access to suitable financial services and short, compressed course formats that left little room for practice, feedback, and follow-up. Overall satisfaction was high, but participants asked for content tailored to salaried women’s realities, payroll cycles and workplace benefits, caregiving responsibilities, and product choices matched to income levels. The evidence highlights the importance of accessible, locally adapted provision and points to practical refinements, greater customisation and longer or spaced delivery to deepen impact. These insights can guide future initiatives that seek to strengthen the financial empowerment of salaried women in Himachal Pradesh and comparable settings.
The research was intended to assess working capital management. It was carried out in premier plasmotec private limited as the case study with following Objective, to study and analyze the working capital position in premier plasmotec private Ltd, the study reviewed literature related to working capital management giving emphasis on the methods used to manage working capital. The research design was Analytical research. The Sample size was last five years financial statements. Data was collected from secondary sources which include annual reports of premier plasmotec private limited. The study used tables and figures to present the collected data while percentage provided the basis upon which analysis and interpretation was based. The period considered for the study is five years. This project tries to evaluate how the management of working capital is done in The Kanyakumari District Central Cooperative Bank through Ratio analysis, Comparative statement analysis, Common size statement and Trend analysis. The study of working capital management has shown that The Kanyakumari District Central Cooperative Bank Ltd has a fairly strong working capital position. Bank is utilizing working capital effectively this is good for the bank. It has to maintain it further.
The rapid evolution of work dynamics has led to the emergence and expansion of the gig economy, a labor market defined by short-term, freelance, and project-based employment. This paper explores the foundational concepts and theoretical frameworks that underpin the gig economy while highlighting its growing relevance in countries like India, where high competition for traditional jobs and economic shifts have driven many toward alternative forms of employment. Gig work offers flexibility and independence, making it an attractive option for a diverse segment of the workforce. However, it also presents significant challenges, including job insecurity, lack of social protection, and limited regulatory oversight. By adopting a grounded theory approach, this study aims to summarize the real-world challenges and opportunities encountered by gig workers. The findings underscore the need for robust policy interventions to ensure that the gig economy contributes to inclusive and sustainable labor market development.
In the era of enumerable social media advertising tools, podcasts is one prominent tool that still remains under explored. This paper examines podcasts evolution from a mere audio entertainment to a potent instrument for effective marketing. It focuses particularly on fashion industry and how they can leverage podcasts to enhance customer engagement, customer commitment and customer loyalty, which eventually leads to customer retention. It also underscores how podcasts generate higher ROI compared to visual-dominant platforms like instagram and youtube. The research finds that these two cohort- Gen Z and Millenials, both prefer podcasts to other fleeting social media content, due to how podcasts cultivate trust and authenticity, though their listening habits differ. Additionally, it includes the podcasting approaches of luxury and fast fashion houses. Luxury brands integrate exclusivity and emotional depth whereas the latter integrates sustainability and BTS storytelling. This paper uses Keller’s Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) framework, to understand how variations in podcasting, podcasts formats, and host personalities shape perception..
The growth of retail investors has resulted in a notable shift in the investor base of the Indian stock market in recent years. India's equity landscape, which has historically been dominated by domestic and foreign institutional investors (FIIs), has changed due to individual participation, the growth of digital trading platforms, rising financial literacy, and a growing preference for equity over conventional savings options. This study examines the main causes of this increase, such as the growth of mutual funds, the role of systematic investment plans (SIPs), regulatory changes, and the adoption of digital technology brought on by the pandemic. Risks like speculative trading, herd mentality, and concentration in high-risk sectors still exist even though retail investors have democratised and deepened the Indian equity market. With the help of secondary data from SEBI, RBI, and NSE and Economic Survey reports, this study employs a trend-based analysis to shed light on how retail investors are influencing the direction of the Indian capital markets. This study looks at the factors that influence retail investor participation in Indian markets, including its size, advantages, difficulties, policy responses, and future direction. It ends with suggestions for ensuring financial stability and long-term inclusion. The results imply that retail participation is a structural change that will impact wealth distribution, policymaking, and market stability in the years to come rather than being a passing trend.
As the digital commerce environment grows rapidly in India, online retail websites and mobile applications have increasingly adopted manipulative design strategies which is commonly referred to as dark patterns to influence consumer decision making and ultimately to increase traffic and sales. The main aim of this conceptual study to explore two major types of these manipulative tactics: urgency based messages (invisible pressure) and sneak into basket mechanisms (hidden additions), with focus on behavioural and ethical implications for Indian consumers. The study addresses a significant research gap by focusing specifically on the Indian context, arguing that the behavioural and ethical outcomes are shaped by specific characteristics of the Indian culture and market. The research indicated that urgency based messages tap into psychological factors such as the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and the pressure of limited that causing buyers to make quick decisions without sufficient thinking which often resulting in stress, regret, and declining trust on the brand over time. On the other hand, hidden additions lead to an information asymmetry and violate consumer autonomy through the manipulation of consent that creates dissatisfaction for consumers post-purchase and creates perceptions of unfair treatment. Furthermore, this study shows that emotional factors like hedonic motivation and brand attachment serves to increase consumer vulnerability to these dark patterns. Based on an comprehensive review of secondary literature, the paper illustrates the behavioral and ethical effect of these patterns, concluding that these manipulative strategies may lead to short term conversion gains, they often create negative emotional responses, customer dissatisfaction and long-term damage to brand trust and loyalty. This research explains implications for ethical user interface design and consumer protection in Indian e-commerce by emphasising the need for regulatory action, transparent marketing, AI-based detection systems and digital literacy as an intervention to protect consumers and prevent manipulative practices. The paper provides a conceptual foundation for future empirical research exploring consumer trust, ethical marketing, and automated dark pattern detection in online retail environments.
To evaluate the technological innovations adopted in green banking initiatives by public sector banks. It aims to analyze how these innovations enhance sustainable banking practices, reduce environmental impact, and improve operational efficiency. The study seeks to assess the effectiveness of digital solutions, paperless banking, and energy-efficient systems in fostering eco-friendly banking services, promoting financial sustainability, and supporting broader environmental goals, contributing to responsible economic growth and sustainable development. This study is based on the integration of technological innovation theories and sustainable development concepts within the banking sector. It explores how advancements in green technologies and eco-friendly banking practices contribute to environmental sustainability, operational efficiency, and improved financial performance in public sector banks. The study adopts a descriptive research design to evaluate technological innovations in green banking initiatives across public sector banks. A structured questionnaire is used to collect primary data from 125 respondents, including bank employees and customers. Statistical methods, such as descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression analysis, are employed to analyze the data and measure the impact of green technologies on sustainability, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This methodology provides insights into the effectiveness of green banking innovations. The study, based on responses from 125 participants across public sector banks, finds that technological innovations in green banking, such as digital banking, paperless transactions, and energy-efficient operations, significantly enhance sustainability and efficiency. Respondents highlight reduced environmental impact, improved customer service, and increased operational effectiveness as key outcomes of these initiatives. This study lies in its focused evaluation of technological innovations specifically within green banking initiatives in public sector banks. By integrating sustainability practices with modern banking technology, the study provides unique insights into how these advancements drive environmental responsibility, operational efficiency, and sustainable economic growth in the public banking sector.
In the era of digitization and technology driven decision making process business environment is rapidly changing. Cost management in manufacturing sector has become a crucial component for manufacturing units striving to enhance profitability of business by minimizing cost and also to sustain in competitive business environment. Cost management is associated with cost control and reduction not only concentrating on minimizing the expenses but its emphasis on aligning the long-term objectives of business. Dynamic nature of business environment, technological innovations and continuous improvement in production process has become inevitable for optimizing cost structure of companies. Artificial Intelligence has emerged as technological innovation which helps to analyse data, predictive modelling and automation these capabilities has transformed functions of manufacturing units. Artificial Intelligence is offering powerful tools for predicting, optimized resource allocation and improved in operational performance of business units. The present research work examines the integration of AI technologies in optimizing various aspects of steel production. Further, the authors have made a humble attempt to highlight the role of AI technologies in analyzing costs, predicting costs and improving profitability of steel units. Objectives of the study: 1. To highlight the role of AI in cost management practices, 2. To explore the AI driven tools for cost control and resource optimization in steel industry., 3. To identify the potential opportunities and challenges involved in AI technology integration. Research Methodology: In the present research work authors have employed qualitative methodology by considering secondary data has been sourced from research articles published in journals of repute, books, Industry reports and authentic e-sources with special reference to steel Industry. Principle findings of the study: The outcomes of the research work had revealed that AI technologies offers tools which minimizes costs in steel manufacturing units Integration of AI surpass traditional techniques. AI technologies redefine the traditional cost management practices in steel industries by minimizing cost of operations further, AI technologies serve as tool for promoting sustainable accounting and financial practices in the changing landscape of Steel Industry.
Service quality in tourism is an essential factor that significantly influences tourist satisfaction, loyalty, and overall destination competitiveness. Over the years, various models have been developed to measure and manage service quality in the tourism industry, each offering unique perspectives and insights. Among these, the SERVQUAL and SERVPERF models stand out as two of the most widely recognized and utilized frameworks. However, recent research has also introduced new models and adaptations to better address the unique challenges of the tourism sector. This study explores the evolution and application of these models in tourism, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and relevance in contemporary tourism management.
Pottery in India boasts an ancient and profound history, serving as a cornerstone of human civilization and culture for millennia. The Black Pottery of Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan, stands as a unique and ancient craft, deeply embedded in India's cultural heritage. Characterized by its distinctive greyish-black hue, this pottery has evolved from utilitarian and ritualistic objects to significant decorative and contemporary functional items.Despite its profound historical and cultural importance, the craft faces substantial preservation challenges. This paper aims to preserve and document the intricate skills of pottery, focusing on Rajasthan's unique Black Pottery tradition. Through direct engagement with artisans, it uncovers critical challenges including market competition, financial instability, and declining intergenerational interest. The research then proposes integrated strategies for community development, emphasizing market linkages, capacity building, and improved policy implementation to ensure the craft's sustainable future.
