Plate-2: Lateral view of Gudusia chapra (Hamilton,1822) collected from Kangsabati River, showing different body parts with measurement (Morphometry).Legends as above.
Six rats for every five groups were selected randomly for this study.Ethanolic extract of Crataegus songarica and Liv-52 were given orally once daily for the time period of 28 days in Isoniazid and Rifampicin treated groups.Further, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin and total protein was evaluated followed by the histological examination of liver tissues.Results found considerably raised in almost all the tested parameters.Total bilirubin due to Isoniazid and Rifampicin treatment were ameliorated near to standard level in a concentration-dependent manner when the rats were given admittance to ethanolic extract of C.songarica.Meanwhile, the decreased level of total protein was also restored near to the normal level.The biochemical markers were fully augmented with histological examinations of the rat liver sections.The ethanolic extract of leaves of C.songarica showed potent hepatoprotective potential against Isoniazid and Rifampicin-induced hepatic damage in rats.
Kanger Valley National Park was formed in 1982 to protect the forest resources and the Solution Caves found in its territory.From the very beginning, there were three recorded perennial waterfalls in the area, namely Kanger Dhara, Tirathgarh and Shiv Ganga.With the time-lapse, there are a few more perennial waterfalls that have been identified whose scientific documentation is not available anywhere.The present paper is the first scientific documentation of the geomorphological analysis of the new waterfalls located in the park region.
Kanger Valley National Park was formed in 1982 to protect the forest resources and the Solution Caves found in its territory.From the very beginning, there were three recorded perennial waterfalls in the area, namely Kanger Dhara, Tirathgarh and Shiv Ganga.With the time-lapse, there are a few more perennial waterfalls that have been identified whose scientific documentation is not available anywhere.The present paper is the first scientific documentation of the geomorphological analysis of the new waterfalls located in the park region.
Bats use the landscape as their habitat to thrive and survive for years and have high site fidelity for their traditional roosting places.This is highly collaborated with other cofactors like optimum humidity and temperate.Over the years of anthropogenic activities at the landscape level, bats also explore them as an opportunity to expand their species distribution range as well and the same can have a negative impact too.The present study gives an opportunity to understand this in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan and the outcome is interesting to extrapolate the hypothesis.In Western Rajasthan, we explored three major districts namely Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Barmer.Over the years urbanization in Jodhpur has led to habitat loss for bats, Barmer become a hub of many horticulture crops due to many affirmative and promotional schemes by the Government and large areas of Jaisalmer are now under agriculture, left a negative impact on the vast open habitats in desert country.Bats are very sensitive towards their habitat change and this can be understood from the way landscape-level changes.
Pathogenic fungi damaged important crops cultivated worldwide.Many plant growth-promoting bacteria can be used to inhibit many pathogens.This study aimed to isolate and identify a selected bacterial isolate to inhibit some pathogenic fungi.Out of 55 bacterial isolates obtained on starch nitrate agar, three isolates showed biocontrol activities against Fusarium oxysporum and the chitinolytic index ranged from 1.7-3.1.Isolate SHG3 showed excellent antagonistic activity against F.oxisporium, thus it was identified and screened for antagonistic activity against some plant pathogens.The highest antifungal activity was detected against F.oxysporum, Curvularia microspora, C.akaii and Rhizoctonia solani while the highest antibacterial activities were against Pseudomonas syringae, P.corrugata and Pectobacterium carotovorum.Using morphological and physiological characters in addition to 16Sr RNA, the isolate SHG3 was identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis with a similarity level of 97% with B.paralicheniformis KY694465.1.The culture filtrate showed no toxicity against Artimia salina as a test organism.
9°25'20?N 76°56'10?E Conflicts between humans and wildlife have existed since the birth of humanity.However, in many locations, these conflicts have worsened during recent decades.Wild boar is one of the species that come into conflict with humans who inhabit near forest fringes.The intensity and crop-raiding pattern of wild boar in the Kanamala forest fringes of the Western Ghats are considered for the study.Various cultivations in the Kanamala region with special reference to wild boar food preference are elucidated with the help of statistical tools.Fifteen crop species were cultivated in various parts of the Kanamala forest station.Of those, thirteen crop species are under threat of crop depredation.Nine crop species were vulnerable to wild boar attacks.
The sample size of this study was a total of 322 students in the 2018-2019 academic year; 199 females and 123 males.The questionnaire method was used as a data collection tool."Personal Information Form" was used in the first part of the questionnaire, which consists of three parts, the "Social Media Addiction Scale" in the second part, and the "Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents" in the third part.As a result, it was determined that there is a relationship between the social media addiction levels of the participants and their social anxiety levels, and the social media addiction levels of the individuals who regularly participate in sports differ from those who were not in regular sports.It was determined that the social media addiction level of the participants differed according to the age variable, but did not differ according to the gender variable.
Introduction:The major causes of death worldwide are noncommunicable diseases.Cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are examples of noncommunicable (NCDs), which account for 54% and 43 %, accordingly, of all deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India.The majority of these non-communicable diseases have similar lifestyle risk factors that may be avoided, such as smoking, heavy drinking, high cholesterol, sedentary behavior, and obesity.The risk of morbidity and mortality is dramatically increased when these risk factors are clustered together.Long-lasting diseases include NCDs.These illnesses are not contagious and cannot spread to other people.While some NCDs advance quickly, others advance slowly or result in chronic symptoms that need long-term care and management.Children are also at risk, but they impact both adult males and women.Even though they may appear healthy, these illnesses still affect people (Balwan et al., 2021).The fact that NCDs harm people during their prime years of productivity is one of the gravest worries about them.They also contribute to "premature deaths," which are fatalities that occur earlier than the typical lifespan.Although NCDs can strike at any age, older people are more susceptible to them. NCD CharacteristicsComplex Roots: a number of factors, including as population ageing, rapid urban expansion, and the internationalization of unhealthy behaviours, have an impact on non-communicable diseases.Obesity and associated signs of underlying lifestyle choices may include higher blood lipids, blood glucose levels, blood sugar, blood pressure (Basu et al., 2016).
Our survey:It was in the year 2005, after the devastation of vulture population caused by diclofenac, we were fortunate to have sighted 11 Egyptian vultures, feeding on poultry waste, at Chandibhata tank (21.4476N, 81.4582 E) of Berla block of Durg district, Raipur.This congregation of vultures consisted of adults and juveniles.The presence of juveniles raised curiosity and since then we have been searching their nesting sites at and around the place, where they were regularly seen in varying numbers in subsequent visits.The concentration of the species is in Durg, Rajnandgaon, Kabeerdham, Raipur, Balodabazar, Koriya and Bilaspur districts.This species is classified in the category Endangered by Birdlife International-IUCN (Rahmani et al., 2018).The most populated is the Durg district.The search was continued and in the year 2015, we counted 15 nests on Power Transmission Towers in Raipur district, but closer observations revealed that these nests belonged to Black Kites (Milvus migrants).One of the nests was suspected to be of Egyptian vulture but it remained unconfirmed.More searches were continued in a cluster of 8 Power transmission tower lines passing through a corridor of 2 km width, here old nests were seen in the month of March but Egyptian Vultures were not found around.Previously a nest of Egyptian vulture was found on a microwave tower in front of our residence at Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh in the year 1995 and we were aware that this species is reported to nest/ roost on towers in Gujarat.(Rahmani et al., 2014).Our team visited the parts of Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh on 28 March 2021, for the purpose of a random bird watch.At village Baldevpur, 6 km before Khairagarh town on Durg-Khairagarh highway we noticed a nest on a power transmission tower located at some distance from the road.The tower was found located inside fenced
An enumeration of 87 species of epiphytic lichens under 14 genera and 10 families from the Kokrajhar district of Assam is provided. The present study highlights the 8 species of lichen viz., Graphis brevicarpa, Graphis pavoniana, Lecanora pseudargentata, Pyrenula citriformis, P.longislandica, P.subelliptica, P.subglabriuscula and P.wilmsianato lichen biota of Assam. From the listed records crustose lichen (86%) showed the most frequent growth forms followed by foliose (14%), but no presence of fruticose lichen is recorded. The family graphidaceae with a number of 47 species exhibit their dominance in the area followed by pyrenulaceae and caliciaceae with 9 and 6 species respectively. The genus graphis revealed their luxuriant growth with 38 species of lichen followed by pyrenula with 9 species.
Coordinates: 11°01'00.5?N 76°57'20.9?E Agriculture plays the important role in human survival.In today's situation, agriculture is the most important field.Farmers often use fertilizers in random quantities.So, this affects the crop yield and causes soil acidification and damages the soil and top layer, and there may be a chance of selecting the wrong crops which will reduce their income.Our model suggests the right crop based on weather conditions by using a Support Vector Machine and Random Forest to grow in a particular farm based on parameters such as PH,(N,P,K)and the parameters such as rainfall, temperature, and humidity.
Plant latex is a natural product produced by a number of plant species which are used by different tribal communities in India as a folk medicinal treatment for natural wounds or cuts.Plant latex has a huge demand as an herbal product in an aspect of clinical, therapeutical and also in agricultural sectors.Natural latex is composed of different important biomolecules like tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, saponins etc.These different active chemical constituents have versatile medicinal activities against different pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoans etc.At present no literature is found on the antimicrobial activity of the latex Artocarpus heterophyllous Lam.Therefore, the present study aims to analyse the elemental composition of the latex of A.heterophyllous Lam. and also the screening of latex against selected bacterial and fungal species.Ten mineral elements were detected in the latex with a maximum amount of potassium.The crude latex was most active against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains than aqueous extracted latex.
Bamboos are one of the most important medicinal plant wealth, as they contain a number of bioactive compounds and also have high nutritional values.Bamboos are a source of antioxidants.Bamboo extracts cure several chronic and regenerating diseases.In this study, 18 species of bamboo were studied for their biological importance in their nutritional as well as medicinal properties.Literature data of seven species from the genus Bambusa, five species from Dendrocalamus genus, three species from Phyllostachys genus, two species viz.Sasa borealis and S.senanensis from genus Sasa and one species viz.Pseudosasa japonica from Pseudosasa genus was collected and organized for their nutritional and medicinal values.The data revealed that juvenile bamboo shoots have a lot of health advantages due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenols, minerals, carotenoids, dietary fibres, saponin, phytosterols, vitamin C, vitamin E etc.Besides this bamboo shoots and leaves also comprise carbohydrates, eight essential amino acids, a high amount of protein content in fresh shoots and minerals.These minerals may supply defence against many chronic and degenerative diseases and also serve as one of the nutritional resources.
