Aims: To synthesize and characterize novel ester, amide and ether (from deacetyl) derivatives of xylopic acid.Methodology: Base catalysed ester formation was employed in the synthesis of the esters while direct coupling with HBTU was employed in the synthesis of the amide derivative.Deacetylation of xylopic acid was achieved by refluxing the acid with 10% methanolic KOH.The structure of xylopic acid and its derivatives were determined using 1 H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.Results: Xylopic acid was isolated from the dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica at a yield of 0.13% w / w .The various derivatives of xylopic acid, namely esters, amide and deacetylated analogues were synthesized in moderate to high yields (47.11-93.52%)and characterized.Conclusion: Xylopic acid was isolated from the dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica, crystallized and characterized.The isolated crystals were used to synthesize novel derivatives of xylopic acid and these were also characterized.
Water samples from boreholes near abattoirs in Iwofe, Agip (Ayagologo) and Mile III were collected and assessed for some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals.The physicochemical parameters were analysed using American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods, while the heavy metals were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).The results indicated that all the physicochemical parameters measured in all the stations except pH at Agip station which was 5.50±1.76 a were all within the WHO and SON permissible limits of 6.5-8.5.The heavy metals analysed showed that copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) (Iwofe and Agip) were below WHO and SON permissible limit for drinking water.Cadmium (Cd) was not detected in any of the samples.The other metals examined were all above the standard limits prescribed by these organisations for drinking water.Zinc (Zn) (3.379±0.01-6.599±0.04
The essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants remain a veritable tool in the management of ailments in ethnomedicine. Essential oils from medicinal plants had also been reported to possess various pharmacological activities, and have found relevance in food and industrial applications. Lantana camara L. is a well-known poisonous plant in ethnomedicine with proven numerous biological activities. The essential oil of the Nigerian species which has not been well studied was extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed using a Shimadzu GC-MS QP2010 SE. The major chemical components of the oil were found to be Davanone (15.54%), Eucalyptol (12.72%), Original Research Article Egharevba et al.; ACSJ, 12(1): 1-7, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.22944 2 β-Phellandrene (10.58%), α-Pinene (9.30%), Caryophyllene (6.99%), and (6E)-Nerolidol (5.68%). This is the first time Davanone has been reported from the species, and the species may present an alternative source for natural davanone.
The Debye relaxation equation and its derivatives were used to analyze the experimental permittivity data of high purityPropan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol over the frequency up to 10GHz and temperature range of 10oC to 50oC. The plots of dielectric constant ε and loss factor ε against the frequency were found useful in determining how well experimental data fits the Debye equation and these methods were also found capable of reproducing good results of fitted data using doubleDebye. The dielectric constant of Propan-1-ol was found to decrease as the temperature increases beyond 10oC whereas that of Propan-2-ol increased at the temperature 20oC. It then decreased as the temperature increased beyond 20oC. The loss factor on the other hand was found decreasing as the temperature increases for both Propan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol. This work also reveals that Propan-2-ol at 20oC followed Debye relaxation equation only at frequency range 5GHz.
The corrosion inhibition effect of Sulfacetamide and sotalol on the mild steel has been investigated in 1M H3PO4 acid medium. The inhibiting effect was investigating using weight loss measurement and quantum chemical method. The obtained results revealed that both inhibitors inhibited the mild steel corrosion in the phosphoric acid solution. The inhibitors showed more than 90% inhibition efficiency at optimum concentration. Sulfacetamide shows inhibition efficiency of 94.22 whereas sotalol shows efficiency of 91.40 at optimum concentration. Results obtained exposed that inhibition occurs through adsorption of the drugs on mild steel surface without modifying the mechanism of corrosion process obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to determine the relationship between molecular configuration and their inhibition efficiencies. The order of inhibition performance obtained from experimental results is successfully verified by DFT. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the mild steel surfaces established the presence of a protective adsorbed film. Original Research Article Verma and Khan; ACSJ, 14(3): 1-8, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.26282 2
Aims: To express environment friendly method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Mimusops elengi flower extract and incorporation of AgNPs with selected antibiotics at distinct dose. Study Design: Samples of Mimusops elengi flowers were collected in NMSSVN College garden. Silver Nitrate purchased from TCI Chemicals Chennai, Tamilnadu, INDIA. The procedure used is simple and sustainable making it suitable for economic production of SNPs. Original Research Article Jeyasundari et al.; ACSJ, 12(3): 1-11, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.23161 2 Place and Duration of Study: PG and Research Department of Chemistry, NMSSVN College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, INDIA, between December 2014 and September 2015. Methodology: About 20 gm of finely cut flowers were kept in a beaker containing 200 mL double distilled water and boiled for 30 minutes. The extract was cooled down and filtrate was stored in refrigerator until the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out. About 6-8 mL of the Mimusops elengi flower extract was added to 40 ml of 1 mM AgNO3 solution for the reduction of Ag + ions. The reduction of the Ag + ions by Mimusops elengi flower extract in the solutions was monitored by UV-Vis spectrum further characterized by XRD, SEM-Eds and FTIR. Results: This method shows that Aqueous Ag + ions were reduced to AgNPs when added to the Mimusops elengi flower extract, this indicated by the color change from whitish yellow to brown and the control showed no color change. UV-Visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak in range of 431.96 nm. X-ray diffraction was employed to ascertain the crystalline nature and purity of the silver nanoparticles which implied the presence of (111) (200) and (220) lattice planes of the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of metallic silver. Conclusion: AgNPs synthesis is a simple, clean which involves efficient method to reduce metal ions. Mimusops elengi flower extract was found to be an effective biological tool for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The results confirmed that SNPs can act as a powerful antibacterial agent against various pathogenic bacteria.
